Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J A Chiles

Publications and source records attributed to J A Chiles.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Depression in an adolescent delinquent population.

One hundred and twenty adolescents aged 13, 14, and 15 were given a structured psychiatric interview within 48 hours of their admission to a correctional facility. The interview assessed demography, social and delinquent history, family history, and drug and alcohol use and related problems. The interview issued diagnoses based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria. The adolescents were followed up with self-rated and observer-rated instruments. Twenty-three percent of the population met criteria for a major affective disorder. Observer blind ratings significantly identified the depressed group at 15 days. Self-ratings of depression did not separate the two groups. No pattern of antisocial or "acting-out" behavior differentiated the depressed group, although the depressed group did relate more of their problems to drug and alcohol abuse. A depressed or alcoholic family member significantly predicted for depression. Some possible unique cognitive aspects of depression in younger adolescents are explored, and implications for further research with delinquents are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Marital conflict and sexual dysfunction in alcoholic and non-alcoholic couples.

Marital interaction appears to be relevant to alcoholism. This study compares two groups of couples, each presenting with sexual dysfunction. One group has an alcoholic member in each couple, one group does not. Data are presented suggesting that alcoholic marriages can be distinguished in a clinically useful way, from other troubled marriages. Alcoholic husbands feel submissive, but are not being forced by their wives to be so. This suggests a therapeutic approach different from the one that would be taken if the wives were actually dominating.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Single case study. Pseudodementia and mania.

This case report extends the discussion of pseudodementia into the area of manic behavior. An elderly patient whose manic symptoms are considered to be an early sign of an organic brain syndrome should be given timely repeat evaluations before this diagnosis is allowed to guide treatment. Our case presentation emphasized the paucity of the data base we have to diagnose cognitive and emotional disturbances of the elderly. It is difficult to identify the essential features of cognitive dysfunction associated with primary neuronal degeneration especially in the early stages of the disease. A careful differential diagnostic evaluation is important to eliminate variables such as affective disorders and underlying physical conditions as causes of confusion and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly patient.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Family history as a diagnostic aid in two samples of adolescents.

Psychiatric diagnostic patterns were examined in two different samples of adolescents, one a group of psychiatric inpatients and the second youth apprehended by the law for alcohol-related difficulties. Affective disorder in parents was most closely correlated with a similar patient diagnosis or constellation of depressive-type symptoms in both samples of youth. Parental antisocial personalities, alcohol abuse, or drug problems correlated most closely with high levels of similar difficulties in individuals in the two studied groups. However, antisocial, alcohol, or drug problems of a mild degree were present in all subgroups of the two samples, perhaps representing a nonspecific reaction to parental illness or the occurrence of a broken home. A follow-up of future problems in both samples will be carried out to determine the importance of the family history and clinical picture in predicting the future course of problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The use of groups in brief inpatient treatment of adolescents.

The authors describe a short-term inpatient program for adolescents that uses a variety of group sessions to help them deal with their immediate problems and, when necessary, prepare them for outpatient treatment. No attempt at complete ego reconstruction is made. The program includes family therapy and sessions on practical living skills, such as job hunting, productive use of leisure time, transportation, food planning, and renting and leasing. Assertiveness techniques are taught in small groups, and their use is encouraged on the unit, where staff attempt to create an acceptable social environment and provide a model for group decision-making.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Behavioral manifestations of the Kleine-Levin syndrome.

The authors present a case of the Kleine-Levin syndrome, and review the literature to assess the various ways this illness can appear. Psychiatric manifestations not only obscure the diagnosis, but may lead to inappropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Electrophysiological changes during episodes of the Kleine-Levin syndrome.

Diurnal EEGs of a 17 year old male with the Kleine-Levin syndrome revealed moderate diffuse abnormalities and stage REM at sleep onset during attacks. Overnight, stages 3, 4, and REM of sleep were decreased, but sleep onset REM stage was not seen. These records returned to normal between attacks.

Adolescent↗