Hypnosis in general practice.
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Anxiety Disorders↗
Biomedical subjects
J A Bushnell
Publications and source records attributed to J A Bushnell.
Abnormal illness behaviour and anxiety in acute non-organic abdominal pain.
Of 105 patients admitted to a surgical ward with acute abdominal pain, 18 were considered to be without evidence of any organic aetiology for this symptom. These 'non-organic' patients were almost all female and differed from the 'organic' patients in state anxiety and in the illness behaviour questionnaire scales of psychological versus somatic perception, denial and affective disturbance. The two groups of patients could be differentiated on the basis of scores derived from the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Abdomen, Acute↗
Readmissions to hospital ater appendicectomy for non-specific abdominal pain.
Appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain, but in ten per cent of appendicectomies the appendix is normal. Follow up of 54 patients having a normal appendix removed reveals that in only two cases was a physical diagnosis missed and yet these patients were more likely to be readmitted with suicidal behaviour or further unexplained pain than patients who had an inflamed appendix removed. Psychological factors may be of aetiological importance in patients having a normal appendix removed, and although none of these patients had multiple admissions or further abdominal surgery it is suggested that patients be told that their appendix was normal.
Abdomen↗
Further relationships between IPAT anxiety scale performance and infantile feeding experiences.
First-year psychology students who either had been breast fed for up to 3 months or never breast fed scored significantly higher on the IPAT Anxiety Scale than those breast fed for longer periods of time. There were no breast feeding effects on the Eysenck Personality Inventory, although females obtained significantly higher neuroticism scores than men. By extending a previous finding these results indicated the need for more data in this area.
Adult↗
The epidemiology of panic symptomatology and agoraphobic avoidance.
In a random community survey of 1,498 urban adults age 18 to 64 years who were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder was 2.2% +/- 0.4%. This was higher in women (3.4% +/- 0.7%) than in men (0.9% +/- 0.6%), and in those under the age of 45 years. Lifetime prevalence for panic attacks was 7.8% +/- 0.7%. Panic attacks and panic disorder had a similar distribution by age and sex, with higher rates in women than men, and also in the under 45 age groups. The panic symptomatology reported by those subjects with panic attacks was similar to that described by subjects meeting full criteria for panic disorder. The lifetime prevalence of phobic disorders was 10.7% +/- 0.9% and was more common in women (14.6% +/- 1.3%) than in men (6.8% +/- 1.3%). The lifetime prevalence of agoraphobia was 3.8% +/- 0.5%. The occurrence of panic attacks and phobic disorders were frequently related, and in agoraphobic subjects those with more severe agoraphobic avoidance reported more panic symptoms. Indeed, among agoraphobic subjects with at least moderate agoraphobic avoidance, nearly all had either panic attacks or major depression. Subjects with panic attacks and moderate agoraphobic avoidance compared with patients with panic attacks alone, especially when panic symptoms appear before the age of 15, are more likely to have grown up in a family where there was parental conflict, are more likely to have left school at a younger age and without school exams, and are likely to have had more symptoms of a childhood conduct disorder.
Adolescent↗