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Biomedical subjects

J A Balogun

Publications and source records attributed to J A Balogun.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Anthropometric determinants of resting blood pressure and heart rate of Nigerian school children.

Blood pressure, heart rate and anthropometric parameters were measured in 807 Nigerian school-age children. There was no significant difference between the blood pressure and heart rate of boys and girls after adjusting for differences in age and anthropometric parameters. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the strong determinants of blood pressure levels were weight, Quetelet index and triceps skinfold thickness. Based on our findings, we recommend that body weight norms rather than age should be used in evaluating abnormal blood pressure levels in Nigerian children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Exercise and menstrual function in Nigerian university women.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of menstrual disorders among Nigerian university athletes. We designed a questionnaire to elicit information on the athletes' menarcheal age, menstruation/pregnancy histories and contraceptive habits. One hundred and thirty-three athletes randomly drawn from various Nigerian universities completed the questionnaire. For data analysis, the athletes were assigned to two main groups based on their sporting events, i.e. contact sport athletes (CSA) and non-contact sport athletes (NCSA). The data revealed that NCSA were significantly (P less than 0.05) younger, weighed less and were leaner than CSA. The two groups were comparable in height, length of sporting activities, menstrual cyclicity, incidences of dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia. None of the athletes reported oligo- or amenorrhoea. The overall incidence of dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia amongst the athletes was 35% and 41%, respectively. As compared to our previous data in sedentary Nigerian university women, it appears that exercise has a salutary effect on dysmenorrhoea but no appreciable effect on the incidence of other menstrual disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Calorimetric validation of the Caltrac accelerometer during level walking.

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the Caltrac accelerometer output with measured energy expenditure (Ee). Twenty-five volunteers (10 men, 15 women) walked on a level motor-driven treadmill at four different speeds (54, 81, 104, and 130 m.min-1) with the Caltrac device affixed to the waistline. Each of the four experimental trials lasted eight minutes, and the testing was completed within an hour. During the test, oxygen consumption (VO2) (in L.min-1 and in mL.kg-1.min-1) and nonprotein respiratory exchange ratio were monitored by the Beckman Horizon metabolic cart. The accelerometer output at the end of each exercise bout was also monitored and subsequently divided by 8 to convert the readings to counts.min-1. The mean VO2 (L.min-1) at steady state (ie, 6th-8th minutes of exercise) was converted to a caloric value. We obtained a moderate correlation coefficient (r) of .76 between the accelerometer output and the VO2 (mL.kg-1.min-1) and a high correlation coefficient of .92 between the Ee and the accelerometer readings. The Caltrac accelerometer output (counts.min-1) was significantly higher (p less than .01) than the Ee (kcal.min-1) at the four walking speeds. The difference between the accelerometer output and the Ee ranged from 13.3% to 52.9%. The data were further analyzed with linear, polynomial, multiple, and stepwise regression models. The results of the analyses revealed that the Caltrac accelerometer output is a valid predictor of Ee during level walking when the appropriate regression equation is used to adjust the values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acceleration↗
PubMed1988

Predictors of academic and clinical performance in a baccalaureate physical therapy program.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the best predictors of academic and clinical performance in a physical therapy undergraduate program. The records of 42 graduates of the program were reviewed to obtain data concerning 1) preadmission cumulative grade point averages (GPAs), 2) written composition scores, 3) interview ratings (INTVs), 4) preprofessional faculty ratings, 5) mean Allied Health Professions Admission Test (MAHPAT) scores, and 6) scores on the comprehensive examination administered at the end of the educational program. The results of the comprehensive written and oral-practical examination were used as a measure of the students' academic achievement and clinical performance. Multiple regression analyses revealed that both academic achievement and clinical performance can be predicted reliably (p less than .001) from the preadmission requirements. The two viable predictors of academic achievement were GPA and MAHPAT. The GPA and MAHPAT accounted for 30.5% and 8.0%, respectively, of the total variance (40.6%) in academic achievement. The INTV and GPA were the two viable predictors of clinical performance. They accounted for 34.6% and 7.5%, respectively, of the total variance (44.8%) in clinical performance.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1988

Management of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease with shortwave diathermy. A case report.

Patients with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are not routinely referred for physical therapy until the condition is found to be resistant to antibiotic therapy. A 39-year-old black woman with an eight-year history of PID was treated with shortwave diathermy (SWD) using a modified "cross-fire" technique. A thermal dosage treatment lasting between 20 and 30 minutes (for each half of the cross-fire technique treatment) was administered. At the beginning of every treatment session, the patient rated her pain perception on a 10-point ratio scale. The patient received a total of nine treatments, after which she was completely pain free. The results of this case study suggest that SWD may be effective in the management of pelvic infections that are unresponsive to chemotherapy. Further studies using larger sample sizes and a control group, however, are needed before conclusive statements can be made on the relative efficacy of SWD in the management of chronic PID.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Factors affecting Caltrac and Calcount accelerometer output.

This investigation determined the effects of different trunk levels and walking speeds on the output of two physical activity monitoring devices--the Caltrac and the Calcount. Twenty healthy subjects walked on a level motor-driven treadmill at two walking speeds (2 and 4 mph) with the accelerometer affixed to different trunk locations (waist belt and chest line). After each five-minute exercise bout, the accelerometer readings (in arbitrary units) were recorded and expressed in counts per minute. The analysis of variance for the Calcount accelerometer data revealed a significant main effect for location and speed. The Caltrac accelerometer data revealed a significant F ratio for the speed main effect and the location x speed interaction effect. Overall, the accelerometer reading when worn at the waist belt was higher (p less than .05) than when affixed to the chest line. For both accelerometers, the output increased with increased walking speed. The correlation between the Caltrac and Calcount accelerometer readings ranged from -.09 to .49, indicating that the output of the two accelerometers cannot be compared directly.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ergonomic comparison of three modes of load carriage.

The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiorespiratory responses to carrying external loads on the head and by yoke. Ten physically fit male students carried three different external loads (11.6, 16.1 and 20.6 kg) on a level motor-driven treadmill at varying speeds (0.89, 1.23 and 1.57 m . s-1), using three different modes of load carriage systems, i.e., headpack (HP), transverse yoke (TY), and frontal yoke (FY). Physiological measurements were obtained for: heart rate (HR), pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation equivalent (VE) and oxygen pulse (OP). The analysis of variance showed significant main effects (mode, load and speed) and three interaction effects in the HR, VE and VO2 responses. Only the speed main effect was significant (P less than 0.05) for VE. For the OP variable, significant F ratios were found for the mode (P less than 0.05), load and speed (P less than 0.01) main effects, but not for the interaction between mode, load and speed (P greater than 0.05). Scheffé's simple cell mean contrasts indicated that the cardiorespiratory (HR, VE and VO2) responses for the TY and HP modes were lower (P less than 0.05) than the FY while transporting heavy (16.1 and 20.6 kg) loads at fast (1.23 and 1.57 m . s-1) walking speeds. Irrespective of the walking speed, the cardiorespiratory responses while transporting loads with the TY and HP modes were not statistically different (P greater than 0.05). The findings suggest that load transportation by the frontal yoke is ergonomically inadvisable.

Back↗
PubMed1986

Predictors of academic achievement in physical therapy.

We undertook this retrospective study to determine the best predictors of academic achievement in a baccalaureate physical therapy program. The files of 83 matriculated students were reviewed, and data on the following admission requirements were compiled: 1) preprofessional grade point averages (GPAs), 2) scores on the Allied Health Professions Admission Test, 3) scores on the written composition (ESSAY), 4) preprofessional faculty recommendation scores, 5) ratings by a physical therapist after a 70-hour clinical observation before the professional training, and 6) personal interview ratings. Data were analyzed with multiple and stepwise regression models using the admission data as independent variables to predict academic achievement (QPAPT) at the end of the two-year professional program. When all independent variables were included in the multiple regression equation, 53% of the variance in the QPAPT was explained (p less than .0001). The stepwise regression revealed that the best predictors of the QPAPT were the GPA (accounted for 40% of variance) and the ESSAY (accounted for 11% of variance).

Achievement↗
PubMed1986

Energy cost determination using a portable accelerometer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical activity of physical therapists during clinical practice. Nineteen physical therapists from three clinical facilities wore portable accelerometers on their waist belts or chest pockets for the duration of their work shifts. The subjects repeated the experiment on the second day. The accelerometer readings (in arbitrary units) were converted to oxygen consumption VO2 and energy expenditure (kcal) values using previously derived regression equations. The PTs worked an average of 7.9 hours during each shift. The total energy expended during the work shift ranged from 933.6 to 1,689.6 kcal. A correlation coefficient of .91 was found between the accelerometer readings (count X hr-1) recorded on day 1 and day 2 of the study. The analysis of variance revealed that the PTs in the three clinical facilities were not significantly different in age, height, and work-shift duration, but were significantly different (p less than .05) in weight, mean accelerometer readings, and estimated VO2 (L X min-1). When the VO2 was expressed in mL X kg-1 X min-1, no significant difference was found between the PTs in the three clinical facilities. The implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Pain complaint and muscle soreness associated with high-voltage electrical stimulation: effect of ramp time.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ramp time on subjects' perception of discomfort/pain and muscle soreness associated with high-voltage electrical stimulation. 31 female students were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, each of which was assigned a different ramp time (1.0, 3.5, and 5.0 sec.). The subjects' wrist and finger flexors were stimulated with ElectroStim 180-2 unit using the bipolar electrode arrangement. During the stimulation, the subjects rated their experience of discomfort/pain at the threshold of sensory stimulation, the threshold of motor stimulation, and maximum tolerance of painful stimulation. The session was terminated after 10 tetanic isometric contractions. The subjects were instructed to rate their soreness, 24- and 36-hr. poststimulation using a 10-point ratio scale. A significant F ratio was noted for discomfort/pain perceptual levels but not for ramp time. Scheffé's post hoc analysis showed that the discomfort increased as the current intensity was increased. The F ratio for ramp time and time frame (24- and 36-hr. poststimulation) was not statistically significant for the ratings of muscle soreness. The findings suggest that the patients's complaint of pain and muscle soreness associated with high-voltage electrical stimulation is not affected by the rate of rise of current.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human energy expenditure during level walking on a treadmill at speeds of 54-130 m min-1.

Controversy exists in the literature as to the accuracy of the formulae used in predicting oxygen consumption (VO2) during level walking. The purpose of this study was to develop an equation for use at speeds of 54-130 m min-1. The VO2 and energy expenditure (EE) of 25 healthy subjects were measured while walking on a level, motor-driven treadmill at four varying speeds (54, 81, 107 and 130 m min-1). The regression analyses revealed that a quadratic model was a better predictor (p less than 0.05) of both the VO2 and EE than a linear model. The quadratic equation relating VO2 and EE to walking speed (X) is as follows: VO2 (ml kg-1 min-1) = 17.77 - 0.3023X(m min-1) + 0.0027X2 (R2 = 0.935, SEE = 1.5) EE (kcal min-1) = 6.14 - 0.1076X (m min-1) + 0.00093X2 (R2 = 0.830, SEE = 0.89).

Adolescent↗