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Biomedical subjects

J A Bachman

Publications and source records attributed to J A Bachman.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Atopic dermatitis: a case report and current clinical review of systemic and ocular manifestations.

PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis is a relatively common hereditary dermatologic condition. Ocular sequellae are commonly seen in this disorder and may include involvement of both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Clinical symptoms and presentation may vary, as well as visual prognosis. METHOD: A 48-year-old black woman came to us with a sudden exacerbation of atopic disease with ocular complications-most notably, the classic "shield-like" anterior subcapsular cataract seen in patients with this disease. Extensive diagnostic and management considerations specific to this disorder are highlighted. RESULTS: A careful history and clinical examination will help direct appropriate diagnosis and management in this population. Although chronic in nature, acute exacerbations of the disease may require specific management. Proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms, including new aspects of treatment, are discussed. CONCLUSION: Ocular manifestations of atopic disease may be visually debilitating. Therefore, specific consideration relating to clinical course, effective diagnosis, and medical and surgical management of this disorder are discussed.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2000

A World Wide Web-based health resource. Survey of Missouri school nurses to determine priority health information resources for SchoolhealthLink.

Two hundred ninety-two school nurses in Missouri participated in a mailed survey to aid in the design of SchoolhealthLink, a World Wide Web (WWW)-based information service for Missouri school nurses and children. The nurses identified specific health information resources likely to benefit school nurses and school children and prioritized these resources. The school nurses assigned high priority to 11 types of health information resources: individualized health care plans, emergency care plans, communicable disease control plans, acute illness, injuries, communicable diseases, hotline numbers, medications in schools, immunization protocols and standards, community-based health care resources, and Department of Elementary and Secondary Education regulations that affect school nurse practice. The four most common health problems school nurses identified were asthma, attention deficit disorder, diabetes, and head lice. SchoolhealthLink will provide a one-stop WWW-based resource for school nurses and school children.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Enabling student nurses to use the information superhighway.

Nursing graduates must be sophisticated in the use of information technologies and understand how these technologies interface with various health care systems. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a newly developed Internet course, focusing on current information technologies, on 20 RN-to-MSN students. Author-developed instruments were used to measure weekly computer use, perceived computer skill, and knowledge related to the information superhighway. The Stronge & Brodt Nurses Attitudes Toward Computerization Questionnaire was used to assess attitudes toward computerization. Qualitative data was elicited using weekly evaluation forms. When compared to 23 students at a similar stage of their nursing program, quantitative findings indicated that, at the end of the semester, students in the pilot course had more computer knowledge, reported greater computer skill, and used computers more. Qualitative findings suggested that pilot students: * Were connected with nursing networks and expressed their intent to maintain these networks. * Were able to use current health information found on the Internet in their nursing practices. * Used skills learned in the pilot class to complete projects in other classes. * Communicated with classmates via the Internet, thus forming a potentially valuable professional support system. * Used the library and librarians early in their programs. * Understood the relevancy of telemedicine and the Internet to the future survival of nursing in a changing health care arena. While the authors caution that an adequate infrastructure must be available to support such an endeavor, they emphasize that knowledge of the relevancy and use of the information superhighway is crucial to the future survival of nursing in a rapidly changing health care arena.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Juvenile onset primary open-angle glaucoma: three case studies and review.

BACKGROUND: Common clinical characteristics of juvenile onset primary open-angle glaucoma (JPOAG) include increased intraocular pressure, optic nervehead damage, visual-field loss, and a normal-appearing iridocorneal angle by gonioscopy. Histologic analysis of the angle structures may show varying developmental abnormalities that are observed to be less obvious as age of onset increases. Individuals who are African-American, male in gender, and myopio, are at highest risk--particularly if a positive family history exists. A genetic locus for juvenile onset primary open-angle glaucoma has been isolated to the long arm of chromosome 1. CASE REPORTS: Three separate cases of JPOAG diagnosed in a 16-year-old African-American girl, a 9-year-old African-American boy, and a 28-year-old African-American woman are presented and reviewed. The symptoms, clinical presentation, disease progression, and treatment options are discussed in detail. CONCLUSION: Early recognition of this disease is possible through screening on all patients--particularly those who exhibit increased cupping with increased intraocular pressures and risk factors, such as youthful age, male gender, myopic refractive error, and African-American heritage with a positive family history of glaucoma. Family members should also be examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Preteaching developmentally delayed preschoolers to aid vision screening.

Early identification and treatment of vision problems is a key element in learning. For preschool children already identified with developmental delay, vision screening and visual correction are particularly essential. Participants drawn from a public Special School District were 105 preschoolers ages 3 to 5 years identified as having developmental delay. Examples included autism, Down syndrome, physical handicap, or cognitive impairment. A partnership was created between the public preschool and the University Schools of Nursing and Optometry to implement vision screening. Teachers/teacher assistants were asked to characterize the children before and after preteaching and after vision screening. Using a semantic differential scale of bipolar descriptors, planned comparisons within a repeated measures MANOVA were statistically significant for all pairs before teaching vs. the mean of after teaching/after screening (p = 0.027) but not statistically significant for after teaching vs. after vision screening (p = 1.000). Results of this preliminary study suggest preteaching could be an important part of a successful vision screening partnership in that 102 (97%) of developmentally delayed children successfully completed screening for vision problems.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1994

Postoperative complications of subconjunctival THC-YAG (Holmium) laser sclerostomy.

BACKGROUND: The THC-YAG (Holmium) laser is currently being used to create thermal sclerostomies, an alternate method of intraocular pressure control with poorly regulated glaucoma. A significant advantage of this procedure is the ab externo approach, which utilizes a small fiberoptic laser probe that is advanced subconjunctivally to the limbus. Surgical intraocular trauma is minimized, decreasing the amount of scarring and ultimate bleb failure. Complications may be seen with the THC-YAG sclerostomy and include: conjunctival burn, filtration bleb leak, posterior corneal striae, peaked pupil, iris incarceration, infection, hyphema, cataracts and ocular hypotony. METHODS: This paper presents four glaucoma patients, co-managed at the Illinois Eye Institute, who developed complications following THC-YAG laser sclerostomy. A discussion of other possible postoperative complications and their management is included. RESULTS: While the holmium laser has shown positive results in lowering intraocular pressure in patients with uncontrolled refractory glaucoma, complications are inherent in this procedure. The most common are posterior corneal striae, iris incarceration with secondary peaked pupil, and ocular hypotony. Conjunctival burn with secondary filtration bleb leak, limbal pigment deposition and hyphema may also be seen. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications may help in maintaining the long term filtration ability of the sclerostomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

State board requirements for CPR certification for licensure in independent health professions.

CPR certification requirements for licensure were obtained from 50 states and the District of Columbia for the fields of medicine, osteopathy, podiatry, chiropractic, dentistry, and optometry. It was found that none of the states required CPR certification for initial medical, osteopathic or chiropractic licensure or license renewal, while 4 percent required certification for initial podiatric licensure and license renewal. For initial licensure in dentistry, 25 percent of the boards required CPR certification while 29 percent required CPR certification to renew dental licensure. For initial optometric licensure with diagnostic pharmaceutical agents, 44 percent of the states required CPR certification.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1979

Dissociation of autonomic and cognitive effects of THC in man.

Intravenous THC, 30--44.8 microgram/kg, was administered to four subjects. Each received THC on four occasions preceded by either i.v. saline, 0.04 mg/kg atropine sulfate, 0.2 mg/kg propranolol, or both drugs together. Heart rates, subjective intoxication and symptom ratings, time productions, and EEG activity were measured. In the absence of autonomic blocking drugs, THC produced characteristic tachycardia, subjective intoxication, and EEG effects. After combined autonomic blockade, THC had no effect on heart rate, while subjective and EEG changes remained as intense. These findings argue against the hypothesis that the subjective and EEG effects of THC are mediated by autonomic receptors or by interoception of peripheral autonomic actions of THC.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Training and performance of rhesus monkeys as operators in a compensatory manual control system.

Two rhesus monkeys were trained as operators in a compensatory manual control system similar to systems used in human studies. Training procedures used to shape compensatory tracking behavior included a multiple shock-avoidance technique, the gradual introduction of the system input, and sharpening visual stimulus control of tracking behavior. Time-on-target scores for the monkeys were 95% to 98% while responding to three different frequency bandwidths of the system input. As frequency bandwidth increased, no significant increase in error was noted, the monkeys returned the target element to the center target area at increasing rates, and the number of shocks delivered to each subject remained low. Bode plots and stripouts of input, output, and error signals resembled those typically obtained in human studies. Through extrapolations based on nonhuman primate performance, the conclusion was that the task development and training procedures of the present study provided a means for estimating human performance in manual control systems under environmental stress or in hazardous environments.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Human and nonhuman operators in manual control systems.

The human operator in manual control systems is well known from a control theory point of view. The need for highly specialized data in an area which does not permit using human subjects resulted in the study of rhesus monkeys in manual control systems. The performances of monkey and human operators in a simple compensatory control system were similar.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of learning needs of nurse educators: continuing education implications.

Because of current structure, content, and outcomes of master's nursing curricula, administrators responsible for hiring nurse educators often have no choice but to employ clinical experts as teachers. This article reports on the results of an investigation designed to ascertain the self-reported learning needs of nurse educators in a southern state. This investigation confirmed that nurse educators have numerous learning needs specific to fulfillment of the nurse educator role. Findings suggest that learning needs differed according to the educator's level of academic preparation and type of employment setting. The results provide useful insights for individuals planning continuing educational offerings for nurse educators with varied backgrounds.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A tour of cyberspace.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Computer User Training↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-described learning needs of pregnant teen participants in an innovative university/community partnership.

The author of this descriptive study investigated self-described learning needs and preferences for teaching methods of pregnant 7th-12th-grade students in an alternative school setting who participated in health classes taught by nursing students. Subjects (N = 121) completed the Learning Needs Assessment for Pregnant Adolescents questionnaire. Results indicated that teens were most interested in learning about infant illnesses, along with complications during pregnancy and labor and delivery. The Evaluation of Health Class tool indicated that teaching strategies preferred by subjects (n = 83), were hospital visits, parties, videotapes, films, records, and games. These results suggest that teaching topics and strategies are important considerations when providing health information for pregnant teens.

Adolescent↗