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Biomedical subjects

J A Andrade

Publications and source records attributed to J A Andrade.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Effects of ozone on evaporative water loss and thermoregulatory behavior of marine toads (Bufo marinus).

Ozone (O(3)) is a strong pulmonary irritant and causes a suite of respiratory tract inflammatory responses in humans and other mammals. In addition to lung injury, rodents exposed to O(3) exhibit a pronounced decrease in core body temperature at rest, which may offer a protective effect against O(3) damage. The effects of O(3) on other vertebrates have not been studied. Compared to individuals exposed to air (N=34), Bufo marinus toads exposed to O(3) (N=32) for 4 h lost 3.78 g body mass (adjusted mean from analysis of covariance, body mass mean+/-SD, 90.1+/-21.90 g). We tested the thermoregulatory responses of 22 toads in a thermal gradient 1, 24, and 48 h after 4-h exposure to air (N=11) or 0.8 ppm O(3) (N=11). Individual toad thermal preferences were also significantly repeatable across all trials (intraclass correlation=0.66, P <0.001). We did not observe a direct effect of O(3) exposure on the preferred body temperatures (PBT) of toads. However, O(3) exposure did have an indirect effect on selected temperatures. Ozone-exposed toads with higher evaporative water loss rates, in turn, also selected lower PBT, voluntary minimum, and voluntary maximum temperatures 24 h post-exposure. Ozone exposure may thus alter both water balance and thermal preferences in anuran amphibians.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

[Persistent diarrhea]

INTRODUCTION: Persistent diarrhea has high impact on infantile morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries. Several studies have shown that 3 to 20% of acute diarrheal episodes in children under 5 years of age become persistent. DEFINITION: Persistent diarrhea is defined as an episode that lasts more than 14 days. ETIOLOGY: The most important agents isolated in persistent diarrhea are: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Salmonella, Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Klebisiella and Cryptosporidium. CLINICAL ASPECTS: In general, the clinical characteristics of patients with persistent diarrhea do not change with the pathogenic agent. Persistent diarrhea seems to represent the final result of a several insults a infant suffers that predisposes to a more severe episode of diarrhea due to a combination of host factors and high rates of enviromental contamination. Therefore, efforts should be made to promptly treat all episodes of diarrhea with apropriate follow-up. THERAPY: The aim of the treatment is to restore hydroelectrolytic deficits and to replace losses until the diarrheal ceases. It is possible in the majority of the cases, using oral rehydration therapy and erly an appropriate type of diet. PREVENTION: It is imperative that management strategies also focus on preventive aspects. The most effective diarrheal prevention strategy in young infants worldwide is promotion of exclusive breast feeding.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Y-chromosome identification by PCR and gonadal histopathology in Turner's syndrome without overt Y-mosaicism.

OBJECTIVE: The frequency of gonadoblastoma is high in patients with Turner's syndrome bearing cells with Y or partial Y-chromosome. About 60% of patients with Turner's syndrome have a 45,X karyotype. In 30% of them a Y-sequence is disclosed by DNA analysis. To identify patients at risk of developing gonadoblastoma, a PCR based assay with SRY, ZFY and DYZ3 specific primers was carried out to detect different Y-sequences in the DNA of peripheral lymphocytes from patients with Turner's syndrome. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Peripheral blood karyotypes from 36 patients with Turner's syndrome were studied. Patients with proven Y-chromosomal material were excluded. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. SRY and ZFY genes and DYZ3 repetion of Y-chromosome were amplified by PCR. Patients with clinical signs of hyperandrogenism or with positive Y-sequences by PCR underwent gonadectomy. The gonadal tissues were examined for Y-sequences using PCR, morphology and immunohistochemical study. MEASUREMENTS: Turner's syndrome and signs of hyperandrogenism were evaluated both clinically and through laboratory tests. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was employed in gonadal morphology studies. The presence of testosterone was detected by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody. RESULTS: Two patients who had Y-positive blood samples and three hyperandrogenic (2 hirsutes, 1 virilized) Y-negatives underwent gonadectomy. PCR was carried out on their gonadal tissue. The tissue from the two patients without hyperandrogenism was Y-positive. The gonadal tissue from the three hyperandrogenics was Y-negative. Gonadal morphology disclosed hilus cell hyperplasia in the 3 hyperandrogenic Y-negatives and in one Y-positive patient; stromal luteoma and hyperthecosis in the virilized patient, cystadenofibroma in one hirsute patient and gonadoblastoma in one Y-positive. Testosterone was detected immunohistochemically in the hilus cell hyperplasia, stromal luteoma and hyperthecosis found in the hyperandrogenic patients. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular study was sensitive and useful in the evaluation of patients at risk of developing gonadoblastoma. Other nontumour, gonadotrophin-dependent and Y-independent mechanisms which deserve the same medical approach may be involved in the genesis of hyperandrogenic signs in Turner's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Myocarditis caused by Toxoplasma gondii in a man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].

Male, 26-years old, with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which was admitted in the hospital with focal neurologic disturbance, developed myocardial failure and echocardiographic pattern of ventricular dysfunction. Sudden death occurred 18 days after admission and the post mortem microscopic studies showed degenerative abnormalities of cardiac muscular fibers, focal lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate and the presence of T. gondii.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Effect of propranolol, barbiturate anesthesia and splenectomy on factor VIII:C and plasminogen activator release induced by DDAVP. An experimental study on the dog.

After the injection of DDAVP in 39 non-anaesthetized dogs (0.4 micrograms/kg) factor VIII:C activity rose to 145% of baseline values (p less than 0.0001) and the fibrinolytic potential of euglobulin precipitate rose to 196% (p less than 0.0001). The injection of DDAVP was repeated three times in each dog of a group of good responder animals at weekly intervals, but after: A) Pentobarbital anesthesia (30 mg/kg)--the increase of factor VIII:C was reduced from 164% to 116% (n = 11; p less than 0.0005) and the increase in fibrinolytic activity was reduced from 270% to 192% (n = 11; p less than 0.05). B) Injection of propranolol (1 mg/kg)--the increase of factor VIII:C was reduced from 167% to 110% (n = 13; p less than 0.0005) and there was no significant decrease of fibrinolytic activity (n = 13; n.s.) C) Splenectomy--the increase of factor VIII:C was reduced from 166% to 122% (n = 10; p less than 0.0005) and fibrinolytic activity was not significantly changed from 196% to 256% (n = 9; n.s.). There were no statistically significant differences in the increases of factor VIII:C and fibrinolytic potential of euglobulin precipitate after repeating only the injection of DDAVP three times in the same animal at weekly intervals (n = 5; n.s.). We conclude that the increases in factor VIII:C and fibrinolytic activities observed after DDAVP infusion in the dog are due to different mechanisms of action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1988

Local plasminogen activator and prostacyclin-like activity after partial venous occlusion--an experimental study in the dog.

After 90 min. of partial venous occlusion (40%) in dog's femoral vein plasminogen activator (t-PA) was decreased in the pre-occlusion segment and maintained in the post-occlusion segment. Prostacyclin-like activity (PLA) was maintained in the pre-, but increased in the post-occlusion segment. Treatment with heparin (loading dose-70/kg; IV perfusion-1 U/kg/min) did not affect pre-treatment pattern of t-PA or PLA in either segments. Treatment with aspirin (IV perfusion-2 mg/kg/min) promoted profound depression of PLA in both segments while t-PA remained unchanged. Treatment with lidocain (loading dose-1.5 mg/kg; IV perfusion 0.2 mg/kg/min) did not affect either PLA or t-PA in the pre-occlusion segment, but a decrease of these two activities was observed in the post-occlusion segment. We conclude that, since thrombin, prostaglandins and white blood cells were not responsible for all changes observed at t-PA and PLA vessel wall levels, it is justified, to evaluate the role of rheological factors as the probable determinant of these changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Immunological features in different clinical forms of strongyloidiasis.

Serum immunoglobulin levels, skin test response to PPD, lymphocyte surface markers and eosinophil count in peripheral blood were studied in 35 patients with strongyloidiasis diagnosed by stool examination. The patients were divided into three groups based on clinical history, physical examination and laboratory examination: an asymptomatic group (14 patients), a symptomatic group (14 patients) and a group with severe parasitic infection (seven patients). In three of the seven patients with severe strongyloidiasis, massive infection caused by Strongyloides stercoralis had been diagnosed at least once before this study. The IgG levels were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in patients with severe strongyloidiasis (1180 +/- 529 mg/dl) than in the asymptomatic group (2347 +/- 1224). IgA and IgM levels were also lower in the patients with massive infection when compared to the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. No decrease of T cells or B cells was found in patients with severe strongyloidiasis. However, the eosinophil count was significantly lower in patients with severe strongyloidiasis than in asymptomatic or symptomatic patients (p less than 0.05). The authors suggest that eosinophils and antibodies may play an important role in the defence mechanism against S. stercoralis larvae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hyperstomy Syndrome-a new approach for the treatment of lymphedema of the lower legs.

To improve the results after surgical treatment of the lower legs' lymphedema, a new approach was developed by surgical ligation of the abnormal arteriolovenular shuntings. (Hyperstomy Syndrome). These findings are very common in congenital and postphlebitic lymphedemas. The abnormal branchings are easily localized by serial arteriography. The excision techniques like the Charles' operation, presents after this new method much better esthetic appearance with out formation of hyperkeratosis of verrucous warts commonly found after these operations.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Auricular chromoblastomycosis. A case report].

It is presented a case of auricular chromoblastomycosis mimicking an eczematous lesions. The authors refer the rarity of this localization. All reported cases of auricular chromoblastomycosis have been caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi but in the present case the etiologic agent was Phialophora verrucosa.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Balanced translocation 1;10(q41;q25): a report of a family].

The authors report a case of genetic counseling to a family in which a balanced translocation was identified in the father of a malformed child who died without a cytogenetic study being performed. The patient's wife became pregnant again and was submitted to prenatal diagnostic procedures. The result showed a normal female karyotype and a normal girl was delivered at term.

Amniocentesis↗