Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Iu G Grigor'ev.
The authors evaluated magnetic field of industrial frequency outside occupational conditions, suggested and put into practice a method diagnosing electromagnetic settings in compartments and a way to decrease magnetic field of industrial frequency.
The paper presents results of the 14-year studies (1966-1980) with dogs irradiated by presumable doses of the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar cosmic rays (SCR) that might affect cosmonauts during a flight to Mars. Along with data of chronic experiments with small laboratory animals exposed to a broad variety of dose rates, our data formed a basis for construction of mathematical models of processes of radiation damage to living organisms, and growth of the probability of mammal death or life span reduction caused by repeated acute and chronic irradiation by different dose rates. Described are present-date estimates of equivalent doses from GCR and SCR behind various shields, and radiation risks for cosmonauts of different age on a mission to Mars. Also compared are values of total radiation risks over the length of life, risks of cancer and lifetime reduction after the planetary mission derived by the mathematical modeling and calculation.
In their everyday practice phthisiologists have to make a differential diagnosis and to treat patients with pneumonia who account for 2.7% of the patients treated at tuberculosis hospital. The main reason of diagnostic errors in patients with pneumonia in general hospitals is that the compulsory diagnostic minimum is not observed and the patients' sputum is not tested for acid-resistant Mycobacteria. The paper analyzes the results of treatment in 20 patients with pneumonia in the contagious isolation wards of the tuberculosis hospital, who were in-effectively treated in the outpatient setting. Multimodality treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, including rifampicin and streptomycin, aerosols, and physiotherapy may completely resolve infiltration and eliminate the clinical manifestations of the disease in 19 patients.
Four hundred and nineteen elderly and old patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. One hundred and ninety six patients were found to have an active tuberculous process and contaminant diseases: essential hypertension in 20.7%, functional classes II-III angina pectoris in 55.6%, postinfarct cardiosclerosis in 23.7%. Hypertrophy of the right cardiac cavities was frequently accompanied with that of the left ones (38.1%). Respiratory diseases caused by comorbidity were prevalent among acid-alkali balance disorders. Metabolic disturbances were detected in 90 (21%) patients. Evaluation of pulmonary and cardiac functions by the analysis of acid-alkali balance, gases, blood, and ECG in geriatric patients allows pathogenetic therapy to be timely and soundly.
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The paper considers in retrospective the criteria of radiation hazard during space flight, and approaches to safeguarding the radiation safety to crew members adopted in a sequence of Russian and US standards defining the space radiation limits. Based on comparison of the magnitudes of radiation risk in space flight, total radiation risk over lifetime, the risk of fatal cancer, and risk relation to age, the most meaningful and age-independent criterion has been chosen to set limits and admissible total doses over cosmonaut's career. Justification is given to the range of these doses that still ensures socially acceptable levels of health and performance by the end of space career. Impliable dose limits for critical tissues (blood-forming organs, skin, lenticular epithelium) in consequence of a single acute or continuous exposure for a month, a year or career are discussed.
In 61 patients, pulmonary tuberculosis was complicated by thrombosis of the pulmonary artery or its embolism and by bronchial asthma. In various lung diseases, there was a combination of some factors predisposing to chronic cor pulmonale. These included specific infection, sympathoadrenal activation, reduced capillaries, and hypoxia in pulmonary tuberculosis, alveolar hypoventilation with arteriolar spasms, and elevated intrathoracic pressure in bronchial asthma; higher pulmonary arterial systolic pressure due to spasms of the pulmonary branches and drastically reduced arterial bed in pulmonary thromboembolism.
The data describe influence of mild geomagnetic field on embryogenesis, nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Biologic effects appeared to be modified in the presence of combined action of mild geomagnetic fields, ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields to SHF range. The author gives hygienic evaluation of mild geomagnetic field being an occupational factor for work in screened buildings.
Effects of apressin, a peripheral vasodilator, on external respiration function and central hemodynamics was studied in 51 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The study showed that a single administration of 20 mg apressin in pulmonary tuberculosis patients failed to bring about any changes in both external respiration function and blood gases, only causing a minor shift in the buffer bases. Systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery remained unchanged after a single 20 mg dose of apressin was given. A statistically significant decrease in total pulmonary vascular resistance and an increase of the central hemodynamic values in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with hypokinetic type of circulation are recorded.
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The development of convulsant readiness in rabbits during kindling electrical stimulation of the hippocamp was studied as was the dependence of the motor seizure pattern on the degree of epileptiform activity generalization in the CNS. The kindling electrical stimulation of the hippocamp gave rise to the formation in different rabbits of the two main types of afterdischarges. One of them was characterized by high-frequency and high-amplitude spikes (total duration 8-30 s) and the other one by continuous, rather long (50-100 s) hypersynchronous paroxysms. In the interictal period, the animals with the first type demonstrated the occurrence of spontaneous spikes (in all the brain structures under study) that sometimes progressed to a more or less prolonged seizure discharges. At the same time in the animals with the second type of afterdischarges the EEG in the interictal period was slightly different from normal. Despite this fact the seizures induced by electrical stimulation ran a milder course (short-term clonic seizures) in animals with the first type of afterdischarges as compared to those with the second type (long-term clonicotonic seizures). It is assumed that the severity of the motor seizure does not depend on the degree of epileptic activity generalization in the CNS.
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