Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Iu A Sysoev.
This revue discusses data concerning essential trace element zinc (Zn) dietary consumption levels in Russian Federation and some foreign countries. There are discussed biochemical criteria of Zn security in humans. It's concluded that zinc insufficiency is widely distributed among adult and children population in many districts of Russia.
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Cholesterol esterase was isolated from canine pancreatic juice by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The preparation obtained was free from detectable proteinase and lipase activity. The cholesterol esterase activity was increased by adding boiled pancreatic juice. This fact allowed a preliminary conclusion that pancreatic juice contains an activator of cholesterol esterase.
In dogs with fistulae of the stomach and the pancreatic duct as well as in dogs with artificially made partition between the stomach and the duodenum, effect of protein hydrolysates administered into the blood, on the pancreas secretion, was shown to manifest itself only in conditions of unopposed transition of the stomach acid contents into the duodenum. In the mechanism of protein hydrolysates action on the pancreas secretion, the major part is played by their ability to stimulate the stomach secretion and the transition of the acid content into the duodenum. Under the influence of the acid contents, release of the secretin occurs in the duodenum which induces the secretion of the pancreatic juice.
Experiments on dogs with gastric fistula after Basov and Pavlov pouch demonstrated that introduction into the blood by the drip method of solutions of L-amino acids and their mixtures tends to induce gastric secretion. This effect is produced by nonessential acids somewhat more intensively than by essential ones. A complete mixture of amino acids yields the least secretory effect. Among individual amino acids under study, taken in isomolar quantities, the most intensive gastric secretion induce glycin, alanine and proline. The least active in this respect proved to be lysine.
Tests conducted on dogs with a fistula of the pancreatic duct evidenced that various amino acids mixtures containing all the essential amino acids and differing mainly in the replaceable nitrogen dissimilarly act on the external secretion of the pancreas after their introduction into the blood. The most intensive secretion produces a mixture in which the replaceable nitrogen is represented by glycine alone. The mixture, one of its constituent is one of the dicarboxylic acids (glutamic) very poorly stimulates this function. At the same time, the action of all the studied amino acids mixtures is less pronounced than is the effect of the caseine hydrolysate. The commercial agent aminofusin L-600, containing all the essential amino acids with addition of polyols (xylitol and sorbitol) with no dicarboxylic amino acids in its composition, produces an intensive pancreatic secretion close to that caused by the caseine hydrolysate.
"Inpitan" is the first Soviet full-value balanced food mixture for tube feeding, produced under industrial conditions. It was used for enteral nutrition of 50 patients with different diseases of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. The mixture contains protein (12%), fat (30%), carbohydrates (58%), all the necessary mineral substances, and water- and fat-soluble vitamins. Depending on the clinical situation the patients received 2000-3200 ml of the mixture/day. The use of "Inpitan" with the energy density of 1 kcal/ml as the only source of nutrition during 7-75 days has demonstrated its high nutritious effectiveness. When the mixture was introduced directly into the small intestine according to the authors' schedule, no dyspeptic symptoms (eructation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, meteorism, diarrhea) were recorded, dipsosis and the sense of starvation disappeared, the body weight increased, biochemical parameters returned to normal, the time of the preoperational preparation was significantly reduced, the post-operational complications were better managed.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Dogs with isolated Pavlovian pouches, a gastric fistula according to Basov, and a duodenal fistula were kept on enteral nutrition for 10 days. The nutritive mixture (35 kcal/kg bw) containing protein hydrolysates (2 g), fatty emulsion (2 g), and glucose solution with vitamins (2 g) was administered via a fistula to the intestine by drops daily for 8-9 h and gastric secretion was followed up. Enteral administration of the nutritive mixture stimulated gastric secretion whose intensity depended on the site and rate of its administration. The rate of juice secretion was the highest during administration to the duodenum. Less secretion was noticed during nutritive mixture supply to the jejunum. As the administration rate was raised, the secretion intensity increased. Gastric juice thus obtained was marked by high acidity and comparatively low pepsin concentration.
Experiments on 4 dogs with isolated Pavlovian pouches were made to study the action on gastric secretion of a new type of a beef paté in which 20% of basic raw material was replaced by precipitated blood plasma proteins (a sample under study) and of a beef paté of a conventional composition (a control sample). Both paté samples were found to provoke a characteristic gastric juice secretion which strongly differed from the secretion pattern during beef feeding. This was determined by the presence in the patés of a significant amount of fat and by the homogenized nature of the paté mass. Gastric juice thus obtained was marked by a slightly decreased acidity, low content of hydrochloric acid pH 1.7-2.6, and moderate pepsin concentration. Replacement in beef paté of 20% of basic raw material by precipitated blood plasma proteins did not provoke any changes in gastric secretion as compared to that seen during intake of patés of a conventional composition.
Experiments on dogs with a gastric fustula and Pavlov's (miniature) isolated pouch, kept on a high-standard mixed ration evidenced that intravenous administration of various substances acts on the fundal gastric glands differently. Some of such substances stimulate the secretion of an acid gastric juice (xylitol and ethyl alcohol), while others are inert in this respect (sorbitol, 1.2-propandiol, 1.3-butandiol, fatty intralipid emulsion). Five percent solutions of glucose and fructose do not provoke any significant secretion of juice, although also lead to a short-lived pH fall in the gastric secretion. At the same time the action of the said substances is markedly less intensive than the caseine hydrolysate (TSOLIPK) has an effect on the gastric juice. In the practice of parenteral nutrition with the preparation of nutrative mixtures the ability to provoke the gastric secretion by the ethyl alcohol and xylitol an account should be taken of.
Experiments on 4 gastric fistula dogs kept on full-value diet were made in an effort to specify the character of the stimulatory action of parenteral caseine hydrolysate (TSOLIPK) on the gastric fundal glands. In the course of administering the solutions similar to individual components of casein hydrolysate into the blood it was established that the secretory effect of the protein hydrolysate is not a consequence of the presence of ammonia contained by the hydrolysate or depends on the humic substances. It is assumed that the stimulatory action of parenteral casein hydrolysate on the gastric fundal glands is determined by the main protein break down products, i.e. by amino acids and peptides that are capable of acting on the nerve structures and of stimulating gastric secretion via excitation of the centres responsible for gastric function control.
Tests were conducted on dogs with a gastric fistula and removal of the structure associated with the formation of antral gastrin (mucosectomy of the antral portion of the stomach). In another series of experiments use was made of dogs with Basov's fistula, isolated Pavlov's and Haidenhain's pouches. The basic mechanism of action exerted by apparently introduced proteinic hydrolysates on the gastric secretion was found to be of nervous nature. This is evidenced by the fact of an abrupt suppression of secretion following a preliminary injection of atropine, by a less abundant secretion in dogs with a vagus-denervated isolated pouch and, finally, by the absence of any significant differences in the gastric secretion of dogs with mucosectomized antral segment of the stomach and in control ones.