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Irmela Ruhdel

Publications and source records attributed to Irmela Ruhdel.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Acute toxicity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMed2004

[About animal experiments for a face without wrinkles].

Botulinum toxin, a nervous poison produced by bacteria, is increasingly being used - besides its medical application - as a beauty product for smoothing facial wrinkles. It is unknown in public that each batch of the toxin has to undergo a quality control before marketing. The test used is a LD50 test using mice that is very animal consuming and causes extreme suffering. Although several alternative methods exist, none of these are have yet been adopted by the European pharmacopoeia. Consumers in the EU do not accept animal experiments for cosmetic purposes. However, Botulinum toxin does not fall under the definition of a "cosmetic product" and therefore the bans on animal experiments laid down in the EU Cosmetic Directive do not apply. Therefore on a short term scale, only the voluntarily renouncement of the use of this toxin as an anti-wrinkling agent can prevent the suffering and death of animals for a beauty product.

Animal Experimentation↗
PubMed1989

[Monoclonal antibodies: in vivo- and in vitro-production in laboratory scale with consideration of the legal aspects of animal protection]

Monoclonal antibodies are valuable tools in medical and biological research which can be used for identifying, characterizing and purifying medically and biologically important substances. Due to their high specificity monoclonal antibodies are more and more used in the diagnosis and therapy of infectious diseases and tumor illnesses. Large amounts of antibodies are needed for use in these areas and this necessitates mass production (g - kg range). Many production systems and possibilities for optimizing mass production have been described. In contrast, at universities and other research institutions the production of monoclonal antibodies in laboratory scale (mg range) is still carried out mostly in the ascites mouse. This article described our own experiences and results with the in vitro production in mg range. Using the German animal protection law (22.8.1986) as an example the legal aspects of animal protection in the production of monoclonal antibodies are discussed. In addition the legal regulations in Switzerland and the Netherlands are presented.

Journal Article↗