Biomedical subjects

Imogen Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to Imogen Mitchell.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Management of blood glucose in the critically ill in Australia and New Zealand: a practice survey and inception cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To document current management of blood glucose in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs) and to investigate the association between insulin administration, blood glucose concentration and hospital outcome. DESIGN AND SETTING: Practice survey and inception cohort study in closed multi-disciplinary ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine ICU directors and 939 consecutive admissions to 29 ICUs during a 2-week period. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Data collected included unit approaches to blood glucose management, patient characteristics, blood glucose concentrations, insulin administration and patient outcomes. Ten percent of the ICU directors reported using an intensive insulin regimen in all their patients. In 861 patients (91.7%) blood glucose concentration was greater than 6.1[Symbol: see text]mmol/l, 287 (31.1%) received insulin, and the median blood glucose concentration triggering insulin administration was 11.5 (IQR 9.4-14) mmol/l. Univariate analysis demonstrated that non-survivors had a higher maximum daily blood glucose concentration (12 mmol/l, 9.4-14.8, vs. 9.5, 7.6-12.2) and were more likely to receive insulin (47% vs. 28%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed age (OR per 5-year decrease 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-1.00) and APACHE II (OR per point decrease 0.87, 95% CI 0.84-0.90) to be independently associated with hospital mortality. After controlling for age and APACHE II both daily highest blood glucose (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-1.00) and administration of insulin (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.39-1.00) were independently associated when added to the model alone; neither was independently associated when they were simultaneously included in the model. CONCLUSION: Few Australian and New Zealand ICUs have adopted intensive insulin therapy. In this study, insulin administration and highest daily blood glucose concentration could not be separated in their association with hospital mortality.

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PubMed2006

A phase II randomised controlled trial of intensive insulin therapy in general intensive care patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of an intensive insulin regimen compared with a conventional insulin regimen in general intensive care unit patients. METHODS: A phase II, randomised controlled trial was conducted in 70 critically ill patients in a closed multidisciplinary ICU of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. We assessed patient characteristics at baseline. Trial process measures included number of blood glucose measurements per day and number in target range, type and quantity of caloric intake, patient outcome and insulin dosing. The primary outcome was the median blood glucose concentration. Secondary outcome measures were incidence of hypoglycaemia (blood glucose level < 2.2 mmol/L), clinical sequelae of hypoglycaemia and hospital mortality. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were randomised to each of the two groups. More blood glucose samples were taken per day in the intensive insulin group (16 versus 9), but the number of samples in the normoglycaemic range was 48.5%, compared with 79.8% within the target glucose range in the conventional insulin group. The median (interquartile range) blood glucose concentrations in the intensive and conventional insulin therapy groups were 5.4 (5.1-5.7) mmol/L and 7.9 (7.2-9.0) mmol/L, respectively (difference, 2.5 mmol/L; P < 0.0001). Five patients (14.3%) in the intensive insulin therapy group became hypoglycaemic versus none in the conventional insulin therapy group. There were no detected clinical sequelae of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSION: The intensive insulin regimen was effective in achieving the target blood glucose concentration, with clear separation from the conventional insulin regimen. Although the incidence of hypoglycaemia was increased, there was no detectable harm.

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