Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Igor Laufer

Publications and source records attributed to Igor Laufer.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Globus sensation: findings on videofluoroscopic examinations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the findings on videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and esophagus in patients with a globus sensation and compare them with a similar group of patients with dysphagia. METHODS: A computerized search of radiology files revealed 83 patients with a globus sensation who had videofluoroscopic examinations of the pharynx and esophagus during a 10-year period from 1989-1999. A computerized search was also performed to generate an age- and sex-matched group of 83 patients with dysphagia who also had videofluoroscopic examinations during this period. Original radiologic reports were reviewed to determine the frequency of morphologic and functional abnormalities of the pharynx and esophagus in these 2 groups. RESULTS: Early closure of the cricopharyngeus was found in 13 (16%) patients with globus versus 2 (2%) with dysphagia (p < 0.01). Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils were found in 31 (37%) patients with globus versus 17 (21%) with dysphagia (p < 0.05). Enlarged lingual tonsils were characterized on barium studies by nodularity or lobulation of the posterior-inferior base of the tongue and valleculae in all patients, and the palatine tonsils were symmetrically enlarged in all but 2 patients. No other radiographic findings were significantly associated with a globus sensation. CONCLUSION: Early closure of the cricopharyngeus and enlarged lingual or palatine tonsils may contribute to the development of a globus sensation, but the pathophysiologic basis for this association remains unclear.

Adenoids↗
PubMed2002

Barium studies.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of patients with jejunostomy tubes: imaging findings.

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and nature of abnormalities observed on radiographs after placement of jejunostomy (J) tubes for enteral nutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiology database review revealed that 280 studies of the J tube or of the small bowel with water-soluble contrast material and/or barium sulfate were performed in patients during 10 years. Review of the radiologic reports revealed abnormalities related to the placement of tubes in 105 (38%) cases. Images were reviewed to determine abnormalities in these 105 cases. Radiologic, medical, and surgical records were also reviewed to determine the clinical course and any subsequent interventions. RESULTS: One or more complications were detected in 40 (14%) of 280 cases: small-bowel obstruction in 17 (6%) cases, nonobstructive small-bowel narrowing in six (2%), extraluminal tracks or collections in seven (2%), extravasation of contrast material to the skin in 11 (4%), jejunal hematomas in five (2%), and intussusceptions in four (1%). Mechanical problems related to the tube were detected in 52 (19%) cases, including coiling, kinking, or knotting of the tube in 38 (14%), malpositioning in five (2%), retrograde flow in four (1%), occlusion in four (1%), and a hole in one (<1%). Focal thickening of small-bowel folds was detected in 24 (9%) cases. CONCLUSION: Radiographs in 280 patients with J tubes revealed one or more complications that resulted from tube placement (40 [14%] cases), mechanical problems related to location or function of the tube (52 [19%] cases), and development of focally thickened small-bowel folds (24 [9%] cases).

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic yield of barium enema examination after incomplete colonoscopy.

PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic yield of barium enema examination for neoplastic lesions larger than 1 cm in diameter in the nonvisualized portion of the colon after incomplete colonoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of computerized gastroenterology and radiology databases identified 355 patients who underwent incomplete colonoscopy; 158 (44.5%) underwent subsequent barium enema examination (125 double-contrast and 33 single-contrast barium enema examinations). The radiographic reports were reviewed and compared with the endoscopic reports by one author to identify neoplastic lesions larger than 1 cm in the nonvisualized colon after incomplete colonoscopy. Six such lesions were found. In all six cases, the images from the barium enema examinations were reviewed together by two authors to determine the size, location, and morphologic features (polypoid, ulcerated, or annular) of the lesions. Medical, endoscopic, and surgical records were subsequently reviewed by one author to determine whether these represented true- or false-positive radiographic findings. RESULTS: Barium enema examination depicted six possible lesions in the nonvisualized colon after incomplete colonoscopy; five were found to be true-positive radiographic findings, and one was found to be a false-positive finding. The five true-positive findings included two annular lesions (both adenocarcinomas) and three polypoid lesions (all tubulovillous adenomas, with high-grade dysplasia in one). Thus, neoplastic lesions larger than 1 cm were found on barium enema images in the nonvisualized colon in five (3.2%) of 158 patients after incomplete colonoscopy. CONCLUSION: Barium enema examination had a diagnostic yield of 3.2% for neoplastic lesions larger than 1 cm in the nonvisualized colon after incomplete colonoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiologic diagnosis of benign esophageal strictures: a pattern approach.

Benign esophageal strictures are a leading cause of dysphagia. Therefore, radiologists have an important role in detecting esophageal strictures and determining their cause. The most common cause of strictures in the distal esophagus is gastroesophageal reflux disease. Reflux-induced ("peptic") strictures may be associated with sacculations, fixed transverse folds, or esophageal intramural pseudodiverticula. In addition, scleroderma, nasogastric intubation, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and alkaline reflux esophagitis may be associated with stricture formation in the distal esophagus. Upper and midesophageal strictures may be caused by Barrett esophagus, mediastinal irradiation, ingestion of drugs or caustic substances, congenital esophageal stenosis, skin diseases, or esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis. Other unusual causes of esophageal stricture formation include Crohn disease, Candida esophagitis, graft-versus-host disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, Behçet disease, endoscopic sclerotherapy for esophageal varices, and glutaraldehyde contamination at endoscopy. Esophageal strictures are best evaluated with biphasic esophagography that includes both single- and double-contrast spot images. When esophageal strictures are detected at barium examination, the underlying cause can often be determined with a pattern approach that takes into account the clinical history, the appearance and location of the strictures, and the presence of other associated radiographic findings.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anterior abdominal wall hernias: findings in barium studies.

Findings of anterior abdominal wall hernias at computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are well documented; however, little information is available about the depiction and characterization of such hernias in barium studies, primarily in small-bowel follow-through examinations. Such examinations are performed frequently, and radiologists should be familiar with the hernia features that may be observed. Anterior abdominal wall hernias are best recognized in profile on lateral spot images from a small-bowel follow-through study when one or more loops of bowel extend beyond the fascial planes of the anterior abdominal wall, with luminal narrowing at the entry or exit site of the hernia or at both sites. In some patients, the hernia also can be recognized indirectly on a frontal view because of the displacement and, often, extrinsic compression or deformity of herniated bowel loops. In such cases, additional views should be obtained with the patient in the lateral position to confirm the presence of the hernia with direct visualization of the herniated loops in profile. The reducibility of bowel from an anterior abdominal wall hernia also can be assessed with manual palpation of the abdominal wall while the patient is in the lateral position. Manual palpation performed during fluoroscopy helps determine whether the bowel loops can be returned to the proper location or are fixed in the hernia, an important observation because of the higher risk of obstruction or strangulation when the bowel is incarcerated. Fluoroscopy therefore is a useful technique for the detection and characterization of anterior abdominal wall hernias in barium studies.

Barium Sulfate↗