Biomedical subjects

I de Glisezinski

Publications and source records attributed to I de Glisezinski.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Aerobic training improves exercise-induced lipolysis in SCAT and lipid utilization in overweight men.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether endurance training improves lipid mobilization and oxidation in overweight subjects. Eleven young men (25.6 +/- 1.4 yr and body mass index 27.7 +/- 0.2) performed a 4-mo training program consisting of practicing aerobic exercise 5 days/wk. Before and after the training period, lipid oxidation was explored during a 60-min exercise at 50% of peak O2 consumption by use of indirect calorimetry. Lipid mobilization and antilipolytic alpha2-adrenoceptor effect were also studied using the microdialysis method in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). After training, plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, at rest and during exercise, were significantly lower than before (P < 0.001). Lipolysis in SCAT was significantly higher after than before training. An antilipolytic alpha2-adrenoceptor effect in SCAT was underlined during exercise before training and disappeared after. The respiratory exchange ratio was lower after training, i.e., the percentage of lipid oxidation was higher only at rest. The amount of lipid oxidized was higher after training, at rest, and during exercise. Although exercise power was higher after training, the relative intensity was equivalent, as suggested by a similar increase in plasma catecholamine concentrations before and after training. In conclusion, 4-mo training in overweight men improved lipid mobilization through a decrease of antilipolytic alpha2-adrenoceptor effect in SCAT and lipid oxidation during moderate exercise. Training induced a decrease of blood NEFA, predicting better prevention of obesity.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2002

Effect of a long-duration physical exercise on fat cell lipolytic responsiveness to adrenergic agents and insulin in obese men.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a long-lasting bout of exercise modifies the lipolytic beta- and antilipolytic-alpha(2)-adrenergic effect and the antilipolytic effect of insulin in obese subjects. DESIGN: Biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were performed before and immediately after 2 h exercise (at 50% of VO(2max)) on an ergometric bicycle. SUBJECTS: Nine healthy obese male subjects (mean age 38.0+/-3.5 y; mean body mass index (BMI) 35.6+/-3.9 kg/m(2)) were included in the experiment. METHODS: :The lipolytic responsiveness to adrenaline, isoprenaline (beta-adrenergic agonist), UK-14304 (alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist) and insulin was studied in the isolated fat cell obtained by biopsies of subcutaneous adipose tissue from the peri-umbilical region before and after exercise. RESULTS: After exercise, an increase was observed in spontaneous lipolytic rate, and in the lipolytic effect of isoprenaline, but no modification in the lipolytic action of adrenaline. Antilipolytic effects of UK-14304 and insulin were not changed by the single bout of exercise. CONCLUSION: A single bout of long-term exercise increased the responsiveness of adipose tissue to beta-adrenergic stimulation of lipolysis in obese subjects.

Abdomen↗

PubMed2000

Weight loss in Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have shown that weight loss is commonly associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and is a manifestation of the disease itself. The etiology of weight loss in AD appears multifactorial. Hypotheses to explain the weight loss have been suggested (eg, atrophy of the mesial temporal cortex, biological disturbances, and higher energy expenditure); however, none have been proven. OBJECTIVE: In the first part of this article, we describe weight loss in AD (epidemiologic data and hypotheses to explain weight loss and anorexia in AD). In the second part we report the results of a longitudinal study of the changes in nutritional variables in a cohort of patients with a probable diagnosis of AD. DESIGN: We followed subjects with AD (based on criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association) who were recruited from the Alzheimer's Disease Center in Toulouse. All subject underwent a nutritional, neuropsychologic, and functional evaluation. The Zarit scales were used to assess caregiver burden and caregiver reactions to the patients' behavioral and autonomic disorders. RESULTS: We showed that only results of the Burden Interview and the Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist, which explored caregiver burden, predicted weight loss in AD. It is possible that caregivers who consider themselves overburdened by the disease process are not willing to invest adequate resources to allow AD patients to properly nourish themselves. CONCLUSION: Nutritional education programs for the caregivers of AD patients seem to be the best way to prevent weight loss and improve the nutritional status of these patients.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed2000

Adipose tissue lipolysis is increased during a repeated bout of aerobic exercise.

The goal of the study was to examine whether lipid mobilization from adipose tissue undergoes changes during repeated bouts of prolonged aerobic exercise. Microdialysis of the subcutaneous adipose tissue was used for the assessment of lipolysis; glycerol concentration was measured in the dialysate leaving the adipose tissue. Seven male subjects performed two repeated bouts of 60-min exercise at 50% of their maximal aerobic power, separated by a 60-min recovery period. The exercise-induced increases in extracellular glycerol concentrations in adipose tissue and in plasma glycerol concentrations were significantly higher during the second exercise bout compared with the first (P < 0.05). The responses of plasma nonesterified fatty acids and plasma epinephrine were higher during the second exercise bout, whereas the response of norepinephrine was unchanged and that of growth hormone lower. Plasma insulin levels were lower during the second exercise bout. The results suggest that adipose tissue lipolysis during aerobic exercise of moderate intensity is enhanced when an exercise bout is preceded by exercise of the same intensity and duration performed 1 h before. This response pattern is associated with an increase in the exercise-induced rise of epinephrine and with lower plasma insulin values during the repeated exercise bout.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2000

Determination of appendicular muscle mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry method in women with sarcopenia and Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVES: To study appendicular muscle mass in women with Alzheimer's disease (AD) to investigate the association between sarcopenia and AD. To examine the AD associated changes in body fat distribution. DESIGN: a cross-sectional study of 32 women with AD and 32 healthy age and bone mineral density matched women. SETTING: Toulouse, France. RESULTS: No differences were noted in fat free soft tissue mass or Appendicular Skeletal Muscle (ASM) mass between AD women and control women. The difference of ASM (kg) /height2 (m)2, used as an index of relative skeletal muscle mass, was not statistically significative between the two groups. The prevalence of sarcopenia increased from 21.9 % in healthy elderly women to 40.6 % in AD women but the difference was not statistically significant. No statistically significant relationship emerged between sarcopenia and AD (OR= 0.41, CI 0.12-1.4). Moreover, total body fat mass was significantly lower in women with AD than in the age -, sex - and bone mineral density - matched controls. CONCLUSION: AD are not necessary linked to sarcopenia. The decrease in adipose tissue in women with AD could be one more factor involving estrogen deficiency in the etiology of the disease.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1999

Decrease of subcutaneous adipose tissue lipolysis after exposure to hypoxia during a simulated ascent of Mt Everest.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prolonged hypoxia on adipose tissue lipolysis, in relation to the weight loss usually observed at high altitude. Eight male subjects were exposed for 31 days to gradually increasing hypobaric hypoxia up to the equivalent altitude of 8848 m (Mt Everest) in a decompression chamber, after 7 days at 4350 m for altitude pre-acclimatization. A biopsy of subcutaneous adipose tissue was performed before and after hypoxic exposure, to study in vitro changes in adipose tissue sensitivity. Fat mass, adipocyte volume and spontaneous lipolysis were not impaired by the exposure to hypoxia. The in vitro lipolytic response to epinephrine, isoproterenol, growth hormone (GH) and parathormone (PTH) decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively), as did the plasma concentration of free fatty acid (P<0.01). The anti-lipolytic effect promoted by alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulation (epinephrine with propranolol) was greater after hypoxia (P<0.05), while the anti-lipolytic activity of insulin was decreased (P<0.01). In conclusion, prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia led to a potent reduction in lipid mobilization, through a decrease in the efficiency of beta-adrenergic, GH and PTH lipolytic pathways, as well as an increment in the alpha2-adrenergic-receptor-mediated anti-lipolytic effects.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1999

Endurance training increases the beta-adrenergic lipolytic response in subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess, by longitudinal follow-up, the influence of aerobic training on the in vivo lipolytic activity of adipose tissue in obese male subjects. SUBJECTS: Eleven obese non-diabetic males, aged 41.5+/-5.77 (range 27-49 y) with body mass index (BMI) 36.5+/-4.5 kg/m2 (range 29.4-47.1 kg/m2) participated in the study. DESIGN: Subjects took part in a 12-week aerobic training program. Before and after training, microdialysis of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was carried out, using perfusion with graded doses of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline and a single dose of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline. In addition, the response of plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs) to intravenous infusion of graded doses of isoprenaline was tested. RESULTS: The training did not induce significant weight loss and promoted an increase in maximum aerobic capacity (P<0.05). The increase of extracellular glycerol in SCAT in response to isoprenaline perfusion was enhanced after the training (P<0.05), while no change in the response of interstitial glycerol to theophylline action was observed. The training did not elicit a change in the isoprenaline-induced changes of blood flow in adipose tissue. The increases of plasma FFAs and glycerol in response to intravenous isoprenaline infusion, were significantly enhanced after training. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that aerobic training induced an increase in the response of plasma and subcutaneous adipose tissue concentration of glycerol to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The effect of an agent acting at the post-receptor level (theophylline) in SCAT was not modified by training.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1999

Activation of antilipolytic alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors by epinephrine during exercise in human adipose tissue.

The involvement of the antilipolytic alpha(2)-adrenergic pathway and the specific role of epinephrine in the control of lipolysis during exercise in adipose tissue (AT) were investigated in healthy male subjects (age: 24.1 +/- 2.2 yr; body mass index: 23.0 +/- 1.6). An in vitro study carried out on isolated adipocytes showed that the weak lipolytic effect of epinephrine was potentiated after blockade of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor (AR) by an alpha(2)-AR antagonist and reached that of isoproterenol, a beta-AR agonist. The effect of the nonselective alpha(2)-AR antagonist phentolamine on the response of the extracellular glycerol concentration (EGC) in AT during two successive bouts of aerobic exercise (50% maximum O(2) uptake, 60 min duration) was evaluated using the microdialysis method. The metabolic responses measured in perfused probes with Ringer solution were compared with those obtained in perfused probes with Ringer plus 0.1 mmol/l phentolamine. Plasma norepinephrine level was not different during the two exercise bouts, whereas that of epinephrine was 2.5-fold higher during the second exercise. EGC in AT was twofold higher in the second compared with the first exercise, and the same response pattern was found for plasma glycerol. The exercise-induced increase in EGC was higher in the probe perfused with phentolamine compared with the control probe in both bouts of exercise. However, the potentiating effect of phentolamine on EGC was significant during the second exercise bout but did not reach a significant level during the first. These results suggest that epinephrine is involved in the control of lipid mobilization through activation of antilipolytic alpha(2)-AR in human subcutaneous AT during exercise.

Adipocytes↗

PubMed1999

Lack of antilipolytic effect of lactate in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue during exercise.

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential inhibition of adipose tissue mobilization by lactate. Eight male subjects (age, 26. 25 +/- 1.75 yr) in good physical condition (maximal oxygen uptake, 59.87 +/- 2.77 ml. kg-1. min-1; %body fat, 10.15 +/- 0.89%) participated in this study. For each subject, two microdialysis probes were inserted into abdominal subcutaneous tissue. Lactate (16 mM) was perfused via one of the probes while physiological saline only was perfused via the other, both at a flow rate of 2.5 microl/min. In both probes, ethanol was also perfused for adipose tissue blood flow estimation. Dialysates were collected every 10 min during rest (30 min), exercise at 50% maximal oxygen consumption (120 min), and recovery (30 min) for the measurement of glycerol concentration. During exercise, glycerol increased significantly in both probes. However, no differences in glycerol level and ethanol extraction were observed between the lactate and control probes. These findings suggest that lactate does not impair subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue mobilization during exercise.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1999

[Alzheimer's disease and nutrition].

Weight loss is a nutritional problem commonly associated with Alzheimer disease. Two types of weight loss have been described. A severe weight loss correlated with a decrease in daily caloric intake and with increased difficulties in performing the activities of daily living. A slowly progressive but clinically significant loss, not associated with either a decrease in caloric intake or an inflammatory syndrome. It is difficult to explain this type of weight loss as subjects have adequate caloric intakes. Several hypothesis are however considered as increased energy requirements (which can result from increased energy expenditure, from increased metabolic disorder, or from increased growth hormone secretion), or mesial temporal cortex atrophy. But, at the present time, no study can give a proper explanation. Vitamin deficiencies, specially vitamin B6, B12 and folates, high homocysteine level, antioxidants deficiencies (especially, vitamin E deficiency), iron, counter, and phenol derived could also influence the memory capacities and have an effect upon cognitive impairment, as reported in epidemiological studies. The prevention of nutritional deficiencies in patients with Alzheimer's disease, could be one of the strategies to improve the caregiver and the patients quality of life.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Weight loss in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia].

Epidemiologic studies show that weight loss is commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease. It would be a manifestation of the disease itself. It is not easy to explain weight loss as subjects with Alzheimer's disease have adequete caloric intakes. Several hypothesis are considered: increased energy expenditure, biologic disturbances, dysfunction in body weight regulation, mesial cortex temporal atrophy. However, at the present time, no study can give a proper explanation. The amelioration of nutritional problems, which lead to many complications (infections, bedsores, bedridden subjects, etc), could be one of the best strategies to lessen the burden of the disease.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Hormonal changes related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic women.

The aim of this study was to determine those hormonal alterations in the gonadotropin-ovarian axis that are related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic patients. We studied 74 oligomenorrheic women aged 26.2 +/- 0.8 years, divided into group IA (N = 13) with eating disorders, group IB (N = 61) without eating disorders and 18 normally cycling controls aged 29.2 +/- 1.6 years (group II). No subject had ovarian failure, pituitary disease, thyroid dysfunction or was taking any drug. Blood samples were taken on days 3-6 after the last menses. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in two plasma pools, each made up of three samples taken at 30-min intervals, starting at 15.00 h (LH-15h) and 09.00 h (LH-9h), which allowed the mean LH (mLH) and variability in LH (V-LH: percentage increase from the lower to the higher of the two LH values) to be calculated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex steroids, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated LH (sLH) and -FSH (sFSH) were also evaluated. Eating behavior was evaluated with the EAT questionnaire; the EAT 26 score, the dieting score (DS) and bulimia score (BS) were calculated. Dietary intake was evaluated in 35 group IB patients based on food diaries analyzed with the REGAL program, to evaluate daily calorie intake (Cal) and calories provided by carbohydrates (Carb), lipids (Lip) and proteins (Prot). Comparisons between groups were done by analysis of variance (followed by the Fisher PLSD test) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Groups IA, IB and II did not differ regarding age, body mass index, LH-9h, LH-15h, mLH, FSH, sLH, sFSH, estradiol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; group IA had a higher V-LH than group II (p < 0.02) and a higher testosterone level than groups IB and II (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between V-LH and DS (p < 0.01) and BS (p < 0.05), and between testosterone and BS (p < 0.02) and DS (p < 0.05). The V-LH was negatively correlated with Cal and Carb, and testosterone was positively correlated with Cal and Lip. In patients referred for oligomenorrhea, it is concluded that testosterone levels and variability of LH levels are related to eating behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Cardio-respiratory changes during the onset of head-down tilt.

BACKGROUND: During spaceflight, changes in the cardiovascular system and in pulmonary mechanics take place but no apparent impairment of respiratory function occurs. However, little is known about the first hours in microgravity. HYPOTHESIS: The changes occurring at the same time in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems could interact and lead to a transient impairment of blood gases at the onset of microgravity. METHODS: Cardiovascular and respiratory changes were studied during 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT), a now well-known method for simulation of microgravity. After a baseline standing position, 10 men were exposed to 4 h of 6 degrees HDT. Hemodynamic parameters were measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance. Ventilatory parameters were studied by spirographic measurements and mass spectrometer analysis of expired gases. Arterial blood parameters were analyzed by specific electrodes. RESULTS: Immediately after tilting, stroke volume and cardiac output increased, as measured by thoracic bio-impedance, while heart rate and thoracic fluid index decreased. Blood gas analysis showed hypercapnia, acidosis and a tendency to hypoxia. These changes were related to hypoventilation shown by the decrease in minute ventilation. After usually less than 30 min, all the parameters reached a steady state. Return to the standing position provoked reverse variations with orthostatic intolerance in 4 subjects. CONCLUSION: Marked changes in both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems occur within the first minutes of HDT (i.e., transition to simulated microgravity).

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment with long acting repeatable bromocriptine (Parlodel-LAR*) in patients with macroprolactinomas: long-term study in 29 patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the short term and long-term effects of long acting repeatable bromocriptine (= Parlodel-LAR*) in patients with macroprolactinomas. Twenty-nine patients (15 men and 14 women) aged 42 +/- 2.7 (M +/- SEM) years were injected with Parlodel-LAR* every 4 weeks during 3.3 +/- 0.3 years. The starting dose was 50 mg/injection, then it was increased to 100 mg in 11 patients and 150 mg in 9 patients. PRL levels decreased in all but one patient 4 weeks after the first injection (270 +/- 59 vs 934 +/- 210 ng/ml, p < 0.001), then became less than 20 ng/ml in 20/29 (69%) patients and finally became undetectable or low in 13/29 (45%) patients. Visual field defects were present in 12/29 patients before treatment. In 11/12 patients, treatment with Parlodel-LAR* resulted in an improvement and complete correction of visual field defects was observed in 8/12 patients. Adenoma size (2.5 +/- 0.2 cm before treatment) was reduced by at least 20% in 24/29 (83%) patients. Disappearance of adenoma was observed on CT scan in 8/29 (28%) patients after 28.7 +/- 5.3 months of treatment. Minor side effects occurred in 20 patients after the first injection then disappeared in 18 patients within the following 6 months of treatment. One patient had rhinorrhea after 3 months of treatment. Treatment with Parlodel-LAR* results in beneficial short-term effects (with rapid correction of recent onset visual field defects) and long-term effects (which can include complete disappearance of adenoma on CT scan evaluation) in patients with macroprolactinomas.

Adult↗