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Biomedical subjects

I Zimmermann

Publications and source records attributed to I Zimmermann.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

5-Phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones. Experimental verification of substituent constants.

The partition coefficient, pK-values and the angle of twist of the 5-phenyl ring of 65 5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones were experimentally determined. Linear regression models were applied to examine existing additivity rules. The experimental and calculated values are mostly in good agreement. Systematic deviations confirm that, with the models commonly used, some of the substituent effects are not fully accounted for.

Benzodiazepinones↗
PubMed1982

[Therapy using delayed-action theophylline].

In a clinical study pure theophylline in retard pellets form (Afonilum retard, 1 capsule contains 250 mg theophylline in SR-form) was tested over 6 days in 2 groups with 5 patients each. The effect of theophylline in patients with severe airway obstruction (group A: Rt = 9,0 cm H2O/l/sec) and with slight airway obstruction (group B:Rt = 3,5 cm H2O/l/sec) should be studied as well as the possible reduction of beta 2-sympathomimetics in form of aerosol. The bronchospasmolytic effect of theophylline was registered after 3 days medication. Beta 2-sympathomimetics could be reduced from 12 lifts/day to average 2-4 lifts/day at the end of study. Theophylline serum levels are at 7,5 microgram/ml (group A, means) and at 11,0 microgram/ml (group B, means).

Aerosols↗
PubMed1982

Effects of exogenous and endogenous histamine on the respiratory system.

There is a statistically strong correlation between the increase of the histamine concentration in the arterial plasma and the increase of airway resistance. The histamine causes a reflex bronchoconstriction on the sensory receptors. Histamine in low concentration increases the unspecific reaction in the bronchial system. This can also be achieved using low concentrations of allergen aerosols. Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis show high concentrations of histamine in the sputum. The bronchoconstrictive potency of this histamine was found to be not always active. Higher concentrations of histamine can be liberated by washing the inner surface of the bronchial tree. Histamine injected in similar concentrations as that measured in the sputum causes bronchoconstriction. There should be high concentrations of histamine receptors as well as mast cells near the surface of the mucosa of the bronchial wall. There are many questions remaining open, which will be discussed.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1982

[Histamine concentration in the arterial and venous blood, plasma and basophile leucocytes on patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis and on healthy persons ].

Patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (non atopics) show significant increased histamine concentrations in the plasma. In these patients the histamine concentration in the whole blood was also higher. The histamine concentration in the blood reflect primarily the concentration of basophiles. In individual patients very high plasma and whole blood histamine concentrations were found. The concentration of histamine in the venous plasma was about 2/3 of this of the arterial plasma. No difference in basophile histamine concentration was observed between patients and controls. The histamine concentrations in the plasma reflect primarily the high local histamine concentration in the bronchial mucosa. The plasma histamine concentration itself does not act as direct bronchoconstrictor. The histamine dependent bronchoconstriction is believed to be mostly reflex bronchoconstriction by challenge locally the sensoric receptors in the bronchial mucosa.

Basophils↗
PubMed1982

The action of disodium cromoglycate on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction.

The influence of DSCG administered to the upper and lower area of the air-conducting system on antigen-induced bronchoconstriction was studied in 34 dogs. In high doses DSCG administered to the upper airtract blocked bronchoconstriction and histamine release induced from the lower airways. Bronchoconstriction and histamine release originating from the upper airtract were not completely blocked by this kind of drug administration. Effects were differently strong in the individual animals. High doses of DSCG, administered to the lower airways, showed significant effect on bronchoconstriction originating from the lower airways. There was some yet nonsignificant effect on histamine release. Inhibition of respiratory activity without parallel inhibition of histamine release might suggest that plasma histamine concentration does not reflect the mode of action of DSCG in antigen-induced bronchoconstriction.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Histamine content of the sputa of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis].

The sputa of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease show high histamine concentrations with large individual variations. The fluorometric and the biologic method correlate statistically significantly. Histamine concentrations decrease significantly, during 60 min at 37 degrees C, by different amounts in different patients. The measured histamine concentration can cause bronchoconstriction. The histamine and the NaCl control solutions have been found to liberate histamine into the blood, measured as free plasma histamine. There are still many questions open which should be solved because the histamine concentration in the sputum could play an important role in chronic obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Allergen-specific histamine release from whole blood in flour-sensitive bakers.

We have studied the allergen-specific in vitro histamine release (HR) in 38 flour-sensitive bakers and in 10 controls without occupational exposure after whole blood incubation with native wheat and rye flour and compared the results with the findings in RAST, skin and bronchial provocation tests. The mean in vitro HR from whole blood after incubation with rye flour amounted to 38.1% (range 0-100%) in flour-sensitive bakers and to 8.2% in the controls (p less than 0.005). Concerning the quantity of HR, no significant differences were found when bakers with meal rhinitis or those with flour-induced asthma were compared. Qualitative analysis, however, showed a close correlation between the frequency of positive HR and the severity of the allergic disorder (rhinitis versus asthma). Comparison of in vitro HR with the findings in RAST and skin tests gave a strong correlation of concordant results with the severity of the underlying disease. The highest coincidence of tests was found in patients with flour-induced asthma. The sensitivity of HR was very high when compared with RAST, skin and provocation tests. Although the assay of HR from whole blood may be a very specific indicator of cell sensitivity in the field of allergy research, the present findings indicate that the conventional methods for diagnosing flour allergy in bakers such as inhalative provocation tests cannot be replaced by this in vitro technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Chronic obstructive airways disease: clinical evaluation of severity.

A clinical, functional and therapeutic study was carried out in 80 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. According to the clinical observation on admission they were divided in three different groups: mild, moderate and severe. There were some differences in the amount of sputum, purulence of the sputum, cyanosis and peripheral oedema between the three groups. Group III have had a lower PO2a and higher PCO2a. Airways resistance was nearly the same in all groups. However, the patients of the worse groups (II + III) were significantly older and their disease was of longer duration. "Clinical impressions" do not always agree with single functional tests. To plan a good therapeutic regime all the available data should be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The site of action of beta-2-sympathomimetic bronchodilatators in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease.

Administration of fenoterol aerosol limited to the upper respiratory tract during intubation produced the same bronchodilatating effect as the usual administration to the whole respiratory tract by the metered-dose aerosols used clinically in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. The site of action of the beta 2-sympathicomimetic drugs in this area of the respiratory tract appears to be in the sensory limb of the bronchoconstriction reflex.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

Effect of intravenous histamine, allergen (Ascaris suum Extract) and compound 48/80 and inhaled allergen-aerosol on bronchoconstriction and histamine release.

The effect of a histamine releaser (48/80), an antigen (Ascaris suum extract) and of exogenous histamine infusion on antigen aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction was investigated in 24 mongrel dogs. During these substance infusions, the high values of arterial plasma histamine did not correlate with the degree of bronchoconstriction. Further, a severe bronchoconstriction with a relatively low arterial plasma histamine concentration was observed during antigen inhalation. During substance inhalation, a high local concentration of histamine is assumed to explain the increased bronchial "sensitivity" to actual plasma levels of histamine. Also, the responsiveness of the bronchial tree to antigen aerosol was observed to be reduced 90 min after induction of a strong histamine release. The importance of histamine in the first phase of immediate hypersensitivity is discussed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1981

Single and multiple dose kinetics of co-tetroxazine and co-trimoxazole in patients.

In patients with chronic obstructive airway disease, the elimination half-lives of tetroxoprim (TXP) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) were found to be 8.6-9.0 h and 7.9-8.5 h, respectively, after administration of a single dose. The corresponding values for trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were found to be 13.7 and 15.7 h, respectively. In the case of therapeutic multiple dosing, TMP and SMZ accumulate in patients' serum (tau = 12 h). Over a 10-day period of investigation, the serum levels measured were used to calculate half-life values of 12.9 h for TMP and 10.7 h for SMZ. Under the conditions of steady state, half-lives of 5.0 and 5.6 h were calculated for TXP and SDZ, respectively, which in the case of TXP might be explained kinetically. Due to the parallel change in the elimination-rate constants, no accumulation of TXP and SDZ in patients' serum (tau = 12 h) can occur.

Drug Combinations↗