Relation between vestibular function and speech recognition in patients with cochlear implant.
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Caloric Tests↗
Biomedical subjects
I Yoshioka
Publications and source records attributed to I Yoshioka.
In vivo induction and regulation of interleukin-8-like chemokine GRO/CINC-1 in rat middle ear.
Interleukin-8 possesses chemotactic-activating properties toward neutrophils, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of middle ear inflammation. GRO/CINC-1 is a rat chemokine with structural and functional homology to human interleukin-8, the induction and regulation of which in the middle ear cavity in vivo remains to be established. The production of GRO/CINC-1 in middle ear lavage and gene expression in the middle mucosa was investigated using topical inoculation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rat in vivo model. GRO/CINC-1 in middle ear lavage showed time- and dose-dependent production under LPS stimulation. The peak of the GRO/CINC-1 production was reached by 4 h after LPS 1 h exposure, whereas the level of production subsequently returned to the level without LPS stimulation at 8 h after LPS stimulation. The topical corticosteroid perfusion in the middle ear after LPS stimulation significantly reduced the production of GRO/CINC-1 in the middle ear cavity compared with that without corticosteroid. At the time of peak production, the expression of GRO/CINC-1 mRNA, evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction, was considerable in the middle ear mucosa. This investigation of the characteristics of interleukin-8-like cytokine in the middle ear cavity using a rat in vivo model has extended the functional concept of chemokines at the initial stage in otitis media.
Animals↗
Production and gene expression of IL-8-like cytokine GRO/CINC-1 in rat nasal mucosa.
Growth-regulated gene product/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (GRO/CINC)-1 is a rat chemokine with structural and functional homology to human IL-8. Chemokines are a family of cytokines whose participation in nasal inflammation in vivo remains to be established. Using ELISA and RT-PCR, we investigated the production and gene expression of GRO/CINC-1 in rat nasal lavage and mucosa in vivo. GRO/CINC-1 in nasal lavage was produced by stimulation of LPS, ConA and IL1-beta. GRO/CINC-1 showed time- and dose-dependent production under all stimulants, but was more slowly induced by IL-1 beta. The steady-peak of the GRO/CINC-1 production remained at 3 h with LPS or ConA exposure, whereas it lasted 4 h or more after IL-1 beta exposure. At the time of peak production of GRO/CINC-1, we found that mRNA for the GRO/CINC-1 was induced in the nasal mucosa. The mRNA of the related inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma were also expressed in nasal mucosa with stimulation of these reagents. Thus, this study revealed that exposure to bacterial endotoxin, mitogenic reagent and also IL-1 beta induced the production and gene expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant GRO/CINC-1 in rat nasal mucosa in vivo. This investigation of the characteristics of IL-8 family in nasal mucosa using rat models has extended the functional concept of cytokines in the inflammatory condition of nasal cavity in humans.
Animals↗
Cytokine expression and production by tonsillar lymphocytes.
Expression of various cytokines in the tonsillar compartments, and in vitro cytokine production and cytokine mRNA expression by tonsillar lymphocytes (TL), were investigated. In immunohistological analysis, a wide variety of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 was expressed intensively in the lymphoepithelial symbiosis (LES). A certain number of cells producing IL-6, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was distributed not only in the LES but also in the extrafollicular area. A significant amount of IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the culture supernatants of TL cultured with streptococcal antigen, even without any mitogens. Furthermore, mRNA of IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on the TL freshly isolated and with streptococcal stimulated antigen, whereas, production of IL-1 alpha, IL-4, and IL-5, and expression of their mRNA were not found on TL with or without streptococcal stimulation. These data indicate that tonsils are highly active immunological organs containing a wide variety of cytokine-producing cells, and suggest that IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 may play an important role on the immune response to bacteria in the tonsil.
Antigens↗
Cartinoid tumor of the middle ear and mastoid.
Primary cartinoid tumors in the middle ear and mastoid are rare. They are also very difficult to distinguish from adenomas and adenocarcinomas, using conventional histological stains. We present clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings of a cartinoid tumor in the middle ear and mastoid in a 40-year-old male. A soft tumor was revealed in the posterior mesotympanum and mastoid cavity, and a radical tympanomastoidectomy was performed. The tumor cells were stained by chromogranin A, and neurosecretory granules were confirmed with electron microscopy. We also review 20 previously reported cases in regard to their presentation, symptoms, signs, tumor extension, treatments, and histopathology.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Cloning and sequence analysis of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from an extreme thermophile, Thermus sp.
The ppc gene, which encodes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) of an extreme thermophile, Thermus sp., was cloned and sequenced. The ppc gene had a high G+C content (69.2%). An open reading frame for a 857-amino-acid polypeptide was found in the gene. The calculated molecular mass was 95,632. The amino acid sequence of Thermus PEPC was 31-37% identical and 52-57% similar to those of 17 PEPCs from mesophilic organisms. No Cys residue was found in the polypeptide, demonstrating that this residue is not essential for the catalytic activity of PEPC. The cloned gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and thermostable PEPC was obtained.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Haemophilus aphrophilus isolated from the blood of a patient with infective endocarditis].
On July 1994, a 62-year-old female, having a history of mitral regurgitation, was admitted because of high fever, hematuria and conjunctival petechiae. She was diagnosed as having infective endocarditis with mitral valve vegetation proved by ultrasonic cardiography. The gram negative rods were isolated from blood cultures performed five times, performed prior to the administration of antibiotics. The isolates were identified as strains of H. aphrophilus. After two days of treatment with PCG (12 million units/day), the organism became undetectable from the blood. Since the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of PCG and ABPC were ranged between 0.06-2.0 micrograms/ml and 0.06-0.5 microgram/ml, respectively, ABPC was selected as a first choice antibiotic instead of PCG. ABPC was given 12 g/day for the first 3 days, then 6 g/day for 28 days, followed by 3 g/day for 7 days. The patient recovered and was discharged after the 55 hospital days. H. aphrophilus grew on BTB lactose agar, chocolate agar and sheep blood agar, but failed to grow on MacConkey agar. H. aphrophilus produced smooth transparent nonhaemolytic micro colonies after 48 hours on sheep blood agar and chocolate agar plates. Atmosphere with 5% CO2 failed to enhance their growth. All the five strains of H. aphrophilus isolated, required neither factors V nor X. Positive synthesis of porphyrin from delta-aminolevlinic acid confirmed their ability to grow without X factor. For the correct identification of H. aphrophilus strains, fermentation test of glucose, lactose, maltose and sucrose in either phenol red broth or CTA medium are necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ampicillin↗
Distribution of fluoride in the dental tissues and their supporting mandibular bone from the same individual.
Dental and skeletal tissues have their own distinct fluoride distribution profiles. It was thought useful to compare these within individuals as normally comparisons are made between different groups of individuals. The average fluoride concentration decreased in the following order; cementum, alveolar bone, cancellous bone, mandible, dentine and enamel.
Aged↗
[A case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis of adult onset].
A 69-year-old woman suddenly suffered massive hemoptysis and was admitted to the hospital. The test of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies was negative. Chest radiograph showed diffuse infiltrative shadows similar to those of lung edema in the both lung fields. The patient's condition worsened gradually during the next 3 weeks, with repeated massive hemoptysis. Steroid pulse therapy had limited effects on the progressive respiratory failure, and the patient died. Autopsy showed alveolar hemorrhage and macrophages containing haemosiderin. Immunofluoresence microscopy showed no deposits of immunoglobulin in the kidney. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis of adult onset with acute respiratory failure is rare in Japan.
Age of Onset↗
Evaluation of masticatory function after sagittal split ramus osteotomy for patients with mandibular prognathism.
The aim of this study was to measure the changes in masticatory function for 1 year after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Thirty prognathic patients who underwent preoperative and postoperative orthodontic treatment participated in this study. Their masticatory performance, occlusal contact area and points, and biting force were measured before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. From 3 months after surgery, masticatory efficiency was greater than that found preoperatively, and the increase was significant 6 months after surgery. Occlusal contact area and points tended to increase from 3 months after surgery, and there was a significant increase 12 months after surgery. The bilateral biting force was lower 3 months after surgery than it was preoperatively, but it had increased significantly and was balanced on left and right sides 12 months after surgery.
Adolescent↗
Distribution of fluoride in cortical bone of human rib.
We describe a detailed study of fluoride distribution with age in the human cortical rib bone. Human ribs were obtained from 110 subjects (M:68, F;42) aged 20-93 years. The fluoride distribution from the periosteal to endosteal surfaces of the ribs was determined by sampling each specimen using an abrasive micro-sampling technique, and the samples were analyzed using the fluoride electrode, as described by Weatherell et al. [1]. The concentration of fluoride was highest in the periosteal region, decreased gradually towards the interior of the tissue where the concentration of fluoride tended toward the plateau, and then rose again towards the endosteal surface. Patterns of fluoride distribution changed with age, and the difference between periosteal and endosteal fluoride levels increased with age. Although average fluoride concentrations increased with age in both sexes, there was a significant difference between males and females at the age of about 55 years (P < 0.05).
Adult↗
Poliovirus-sensitive transgenic mice as a new animal model.
Transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus infection were produced by introducing a human gene encoding cellular receptors for poliovirus into the mouse genome. Expression of receptor mRNAs in tissues of the transgenic mice was analysed using Northern blot hybridization. The results indicate that the human gene is expressed in many tissues of the transgenic mice just as in human tissues, and that the amount of the receptor mRNAs varies from tissue to tissue. The transgenic mice inoculated with poliovirus by any of the routes tested in this study show clinical symptoms similar to those in humans and monkeys, although the sensitivity of the mice depended on the inoculation route. In any route, the virulent Mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus is much more virulent than the attenuated Sabin 1 strain in the transgenic mice. These observations suggest that the transgenic mice become an excellent new animal model for studying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of poliovirus and for assessing oral poliovirus vaccines.
Administration, Oral↗
Development of candidates for new type 2 and type 3 oral poliovirus vaccines.
Monkey neurovirulence tests on in vitro recombinant viruses between the virulent Mahoney and the attenuated Sabin 1 strains of type 1 poliovirus revealed that a strong neurovirulence determinant(s) resided in the 5' non-coding sequence of the genome and that the surface structure of the virion particle had a little correlation with the neurovirulence or attenuation phenotype. The results suggested that new and safer vaccine strains of type 2 and type 3 polioviruses may be constructed in vitro by replacing the sequence encoding the antigenic determinants in viral capsid proteins of the Sabin 1 genome by the corresponding sequences of the type 2 and type 3 genome, respectively, because the Sabin 1 strain is the safest vaccine among the Sabin strains. We have constructed recombinant viruses, PV1/2 (SS)BB and PV1/3(SS)BN, as vaccine candidates for type 2 and type 3 oral poliovirus vaccines respectively. These recombinant viruses were fully viable and showed antigenicities and immunogenicities identical to those of type 2 and type 3 polioviruses respectively. The monkey neurovirulence tests performed on these recombinant viruses suggest that the recombinant viruses are possible candidates for new type 2 and type 3 poliovirus vaccine strains.
Animals↗
The thickness of the sound and periodontally diseased human cementum.
Cementum of teeth previously analysed for fluoride was re-examined in order to determine whether or not periodontal disease had affected the thickness of the tissue. In the periodontally diseased teeth the cementum was thinner than normal in the middle region of the root. The apical cementum, however, was significantly thicker in periodontally diseased than in the sound teeth of subjects over 60 yr old. This may account for the higher total fluoride levels previously reported in the apical cementum of these same teeth.
Adult↗
Turner's syndrome associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sarcoidosis: a case report.
A 32-yr-old Japanese female who was suffering from Turner's syndrome associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sarcoidosis is reported. It is known that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not infrequently complicated with Turner's syndrome on the basis of an abnormal X chromosome. In this case, sarcoidosis occurred 4 months after Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This extremely interesting coincidence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and sarcoidosis in Turner's syndrome has not been reported to date to our knowledge.
Adult↗
Structure and postnatal transformation of the intermediate epithelium lining the mouse nasopalatine duct.
In the epithelium lining the nasopalatine duct of the infant mouse, a transitional zone between the stratified squamous epithelium and the ciliated columnar one can be observed. The epithelium lining the transitional zone shows gradations ranging from the stratified squamous through the stratified cuboidal to the ciliated stratified low-columnar type, and gradually transforms into the stratified squamous epithelium with advancing ages. In the adult mouse, the nasopalatine duct is lined with the stratified squamous epithelium throughout up to the vicinity of the nasal cavity, and changes abruptly into the ciliated columnar epithelium lining the nasal cavity. It is suggested that the epithelium lining the transitional zone is identical with the 'intermediate epithelium' in the mouse nasopharynx and epiglottis.
Animals↗
Safety & efficacy of Japanese encephalitis vaccine produced in India.
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Antibodies, Viral↗
Anatomical studies in the hyoid region of the mouse in term of evolutional importance.
The mouse hyoid region was studied in detail in term of its evolutional importance. A pair of small pyramidal-shaped "epiphyseal cornua" wedged between the body and the caudal cornua. It is suggested that the epiphyseal cornu is an independent element of the hyoid bone, and that it is not homologous with the typical hypohyal in other mammals. Just ventral of the tympanic bulla, there was a stylohyal, on which the "paroccipito-styloideus" and "paroccipitostylohyoideus" muscles (appellations by the authors) were attached. Ossification of the hyoid bone began at the attachments of the hyoid muscles, which acted synergically in tongue movement or swallowing. It is suggested that the ossification is triggered by the mechanical stress of the muscles in tongue movement or swallowing.
Animals↗