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Biomedical subjects

I Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to I Yoshida.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Clinical use of Biken acellular DPT in two-month old infants.

We have examined the antibody titer and side effects in two-month-old infants (1.5-2.5) who received vaccinations of acellular DPT Combined Vaccine Adsorbed "Biken" Lots 22 and 23. We observed high-antibody titers far in excess of prevention levels. No particular increase in side effects was observed in the two-month-old infants, except a normal increase in once-only side effects. The results suggest that this vaccine can protect infants under one year of age, who are especially liable to be affected by this illness.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Safety follow-up in a cohort of Biken acellular DPT vaccine recipients in Japan.

In October 1984 in Sweden, a phase II trial of Biken acellular Pertussis vaccine was started and in 1986, a phase III trial of the same vaccine was begun. During the phase III trial, there were three cases of deaths out of 1,385 of study children at two, four and ten weeks after the second dose of the vaccine, due to severe invasive bacterial infections such as H. influenzae, Pneumococcus, or Meningococcus infection. A number of arguments arose about the results of the Phase III trial. No one can either prove or disprove the association between invasive bacterial infection and administration of acellular pertussis vaccine. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the side effects of Biken acellular DPT vaccine. The pediatricians inquired about the physical status of the children who received Biken acellular DPT vaccine. During the observation period, three out of 940 infants suffered from infectious diseases. One suffered from measles, the other from varicella and the last from mumps. Our retrospective study did not reveal any severe invasive bacterial infection cases cases such as the ones experienced in Sweden.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of hepatic and renal dysfunction after surgery of thoracic aneurysm].

To analyze causes of postoperative hepatic and renal dysfunction in patients with thoracic aneurysm, we examined 31 patients who survived surgeries and 2 patients died of MOF. The patients were separated into three groups as follows; Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was used for circulatory support in group A (n = 7), CPB and low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis in group B (n = 13) and temporary bypass or left atrial distal aorta arterial bypass was used in group C (n = 11). Operation time was significantly longer in group A (9.8 hrs) compared with group C (6.1 hrs). Amount of intraoperative blood transfusion was greater in groups A (4980 ml) and B (4860 ml) compared with group C (2320 ml). Postoperative highest total bilirubin level was significantly greater in group A (7.8 mg/dl) than group C (2.5 mg/dl). LDH was higher in groups A (1322 IU/l) and B (1336 IU/l) than group C (991 IU/l). GOT was higher in group B (200 IU/l) than group C (64 IU/l). There were no significant differences in GPT, creatinine and BUN among the three groups. Operation time and amount of intraoperative blood transfusion were positively correlated with postoperative hepatic function parameters. Two patients died of MOF showed severe hepato-renal dysfunction associated with LOS. The results indicate that hypothermic low flow perfusion during open distal anastomosis do not induce hepatic or renal dysfunction, and postoperative hyperbilirubinemia is resulted from bilirubin overload which patients can tolerate well if they are not complicated with MOF.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of dopamine and dobutamine on systemic hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in children after open heart surgery].

The purpose of this study is to know the effects of Dopamine (DOA) and Dobutamine (DOB) on the systemic hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in the acute phase after open heart surgery in children. Thirty patients with congenital heart disease were divided into following two groups. The first 14 cases were administered 5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min (gamma) of DOA, and the systemic hemodynamic and metabolic data were taken before and after the administration of the drug. The second 12 cases were given the same doses of DOB instead of DOA. DOA: The blood pressure was elevated by 10 gamma of DOA, and cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) rose up at both doses of DOA. On the other hand, systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and left atrial pressure (LAP) were decreased at both dosage levels. DOB: At the same dose of DOA, DOB increased HR and SVI, so CI rose up markedly. The systolic and mean blood pressure also rose up at both doses. CVP and LAP were depressed at either dosage level. SVR did not show an appreciable change. Myocardial metabolism: The two drugs tested did not exhibit the progress of anaerobic myocardial metabolism. The myocardial oxygen uptake rate increased with DOA, but decreased with DOB. This phenomena probably suggests that DOB dilates coronary vascular bed. From the above data, the following effects are expected by the use of each drug after open heart surgery in children: 1) an increase of cardiac output due to inotropic action by DOA, 2) powerful inotropic and chronotropic action by DOB.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical studies on 29 cases of testicular tumors].

Clinical studies were performed on 29 cases of testicular tumors over the past 16 years. There were 14 cases of seminoma (S), 4 cases of E+Teratoma (T), 1 case of embryonal carcinoma (E), 1 case of E+STGC, 1 of S+E+T, 1 of S+E+ yolk sac tumor (Y) +choriocarcinoma (C) +STGC, 1 of mature teratoma, 6 of non-germ cell tumor. The stage of the germ cell tumors were stage I in 13 cases and stage II A in one case among 14 cases of seminoma, and stage I in 3 cases, stage II A in 3 cases, stage II B in one case, stage III in one case among 8 cases of non-seminoma. All of the patients underwent high orchiectomy. The seminomas were treated by radiotherapy and non-seminoma cases mainly by chemotherapy after retroperitoneal lymph nodes dissection (RPLND). Twenty one of 23 cases have survived, excluding one death (E+STGC, stage II A) and one unclear case. High orchiectomy and radiotherapy are the established procedures for the treatment of stage I seminoma. The significance of RPLND should decrease because of the high efficacy of current chemotherapy in cases of stage I and II A non-seminoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Preparation and evaluation of octadecyl-treated porous glasses. Application to the determination of methotrexate in serum.

The retention and selectivity of methotrexate (MTX) in serum were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography on octadecyl-treated porous glasses and silicas. From elemental analysis data for carbon, the maximum number of bonded octadecyl surface groups per gram (mean pore diameter 153 A, specific surface area 193 m2/g, pore volume 0.83 ml/g) in octadecyl-treated glass was calculated to be 0.131 x 10(21). MTX in human serum could be separated on both glasses and silicas with methanol-acetate buffer mixtures as eluents.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1990

Mycoplasmas produce double-stranded ribonuclease.

Mycoplasmas (Mollicutes) constitute a constant threat as insidious contaminants of animal cell cultures. They are responsible for myriad biochemical reactions associated with the cells they infect, and undoubtedly have been the source of metabolic and physiological activities attributed to their hosts. In an attempt to demonstrate a dsRNA-inducible double-stranded ribonuclease (dsRNase) in mammalian cells, comparable to that reported in avian cells, we discovered high levels of dsRNase "induced" by a particular stock of vesicular stomatitis virus. We now report that the double-stranded ribonuclease resulted from the activity of a contaminant in that stock--a "noncultivable" Mycoplasma hyorhinis. This report demonstrates the ubiquitous distribution of dsRNase among mycoplasmas, presents some characteristics of the enzyme and its production, and implicates once again mycoplasmas as contaminants of cell culture and potential perturbers of cellular physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interferon induction by viruses. XX. Acid-labile interferon accounts for the antiviral effect induced by poly(rI).poly(rC) in primary chick embryo cells.

Primary chick embryo cells which were "aged" in vitro and exposed to poly(rI).poly(rC) developed a disproportionately high degree of resistance to virus challenge in relation to the amount of conventional acid-stable interferon (IFN) produced. Cells were often highly resistant after exposure to a few nanograms of poly(rI).poly(rC) which gave rise to little or no acid-stable IFN. Study of the mechanism(s) responsible showed that this antiviral state was not due to the double-stranded ribonuclease induced in parallel, nor to residual poly(rI).poly(rC) (which this ribonuclease destroyed), but to the production of a hitherto undescribed acid-labile chicken IFN.

Acids↗
PubMed1990

Effect of lipoic acid in a patient with defective activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase.

Lactic acidosis and accumulation of 3-hydroxybutyrate and other citric acid cycle intermediates were found in an infant with a lethal syndrome of metabolic acidosis and renal tubular acidosis. Nevertheless, the patient was relatively well for 4 mo of life. The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase were all reduced to levels 9 to 29% of control. In contrast, the activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase was normal. The conversion of 1-14C-leucine and 1-14C-valine to 14CO2 and of U-L-14C-valine to its major metabolic product 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid by fibroblasts derived from the patient was less than 5% of control. Cultivation of the patient's fibroblasts in medium enriched with lipoic acid markedly improved these in vitro conversions of leucine and valine.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1990

Preparation of monoclonal antibodies against brain natriuretic peptide and their application to radioimmunoassay and passive immunization.

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed toward brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), KY-BNP-I and KY-BNP-II, have been produced. Both mAbs against BNP possessed high affinities for BNP, with association constants (Ka) of 4.0 X 10(9) M-1 (KY-BNP-I) and 2.0 X 10(10) M-1 (KY-BNP-II). With these mAbs, specific RIAs for BNP have been established. The least detectable quantities of BNP were 5 pg/tube (KY-BNP-I) and 1 pg/tube (KY-BNP-II). Cross-reactivities of alpha-human and rat atrial natriuretic polypeptides were less than 0.001%. These RIAs detected BNP-like immunoreactivity (BNP-LI) not only in the porcine brain but also in the canine brain, with the highest concentration in the medulla oblongata. These RIAs also detected BNP-LI in both the porcine and canine hearts and in the porcine plasma. The iv pretreatment of purified mAb[KY-BNP-II] almost completely blocked the hypotensive action of iv administered BNP in rats, with the concomitant suppression of BNP-induced increase of the plasma cyclic GMP level. These results indicate that our mAbs against BNP will serve as a useful tool for the elucidation of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of BNP as a neuropeptide and as a hormone.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A case of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with acute and late onset simulating Reye's syndrome in an adult male.

A 15-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of a disturbance of consciousness. He was in good mental and physical condition until the previous day, when he vomited and experienced a reduction of consciousness. He was brought to the hospital the day following the onset of symptoms. On admission the patient was stuporous. Neurological focal signs were not demonstrated. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning on admission showed no definite abnormality. Cerebrosprinal fluid had no pleocytosis. At this time, Reye's syndrome was suspected because of the acute change of consciousness and the presence of hyperammonemia. The disturbance of consciousness progressed and he became comatose on the day following admission. CT scanning showed that the suprasellar, ambient and quadrigeminal cisterns could almost not be detected and the bilateral ventricles were narrowed. The plasma aminogram demonstrated an elevation of alanine, lysine, glutamine, glutamic acid, aspartate and proline. Ketonuria was negative, but the urinary excretion of orotic acid was markedly increased. This data was indicative of the existence of an ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. The patient was died on the third day after hospitalization. The OTC activity in the liver was 10% of normal. Activities of other enzymes in the urea cycle were within normal limits. It is unusual that the symptoms of the enzyme deficiency occurred, both acutely and late at an adult age, as in this case. This case demonstrates that OTC deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperammonemia of adult onset.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

(1----3)-alpha-D-glucan from an alkaline extract of Agrocybe cylindracea, and antitumor activity of its O-(carboxymethyl)ated derivatives.

The structure of an alkali-soluble D-glucan (AG-AL) from the fruit body of Agrocybe cylindracea was investigated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods indicating that it was a linear (1----3)-alpha-D-glucan (molecular weight, approximately 560,000), [alpha]20D +195 degrees (c 0.5, M sodium hydroxide). Both water-soluble and gelatinous products obtained by O-(carboxymethyl)ation of AG-AL showed potent antitumor activity against the solid form of Sarcoma 180 in mice, although the native D-glucan had little effect on the tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Formation of a stable and catalytically active complex of the two essential components of hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase from Micrococcus luteus B-P 26.

Formation of a stable complex of the two essential components of hexaprenyl diphosphate synthase from Micrococcus luteus B-P 26, which represents the catalytically active state of this enzyme, is observed in the presence of a relatively high concentrations of inorganic pyrophosphate or one of the substrates, isopentenyl diphosphate or farnesyl diphosphate. The apparent molecular mass of the complex is estimated to be about 50 kDa by gel filtration with Superose 12.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗
PubMed1989

Protection of hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase of Micrococcus luteus B-P 26 against inactivation by sulphydryl reagents and arginine-specific reagents.

Hexaprenyl-diphosphate synthase from Micrococcus luteus B-P 26 has been shown to comprise two essential components, designated as components A and B. Treatment of the synthase with sulphydryl reagents (N-ethylmaleimide, iodoacetamide or p-chloromercuribenzoate) or arginine-specific reagents (2,3-butanedione, 1,2-cyclohexanedione or phenylglyoxal) resulted in a rapid loss of the component B activity. In contrast, component A was resistant to treatment with such reagents, retaining the initial activity almost completely. Farnesyl diphosphate, isopentenyl diphosphate, farnesyl monophosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate protected the synthase against the inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide, farnesyl diphosphate being the most effective. The presence of Mg2+ was essential for the protection by isopentenyl diphosphate and inorganic pyrophosphate. For protection of the synthase activity against the inactivation by 2,3-butanedione, the presence of farnesyl diphosphate, isopentenyl diphosphate and Mg2+ was more effective than that of the individual substrates and Mg2+. Inorganic pyrophosphate provided substantial protection. In the absence of component A, the component B activity was not protected by any substrates or its analogue. These results suggest that the catalytic site of the synthase is formed by cooperative interaction between components A and B, and that cysteine and arginine residues on component B play important roles in the synthase activity.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1989

Heart rate variation and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in workers exposed to vibration.

Tests of autonomic nervous function were conducted on 38 workers who had been exposed to vibration [16: VWF(+) group, 22: VWF(-) group, VWF: vibration-induced white finger] and 17 workers who had not been exposed to vibration (control group). Measurements were made of R-R interval variation of the electrocardiogram at rest and during deep breathing, and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity during an immersion test of the hand in 10 degrees C water. Heart-rate variation related to respiratory arrhythmia indicates parasympathetic activity, and serum DBH activity is regarded as an indicator of sympathetic activity. The variations in the R-R interval during deep breathing were smallest in the VWF(+) group, followed by the VWF(-) group (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, compared with the control group). The DBH activity of the VWF(+) group was larger than those of the VWF(-) group and the control group, however, the differences were small and not statistically significant. The reduced R-R interval variations in the VWF(+) and the VWF(-) groups support the hypothesis that autonomic nervous function can be affected by exposure to vibration. The change of DBH activity induced by cold exposure may be an unsuitable index of sympathetic tone. Further study of the autonomic nervous function in workers with vibration syndrome is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Persistent hyperkalaemia in vitamin B12 unresponsive methylmalonic acidaemia.

Persistent hyperkalaemia was found in a patient with vitamin B12 unresponsive methylmalonic acidaemia associated with hyperuricaemia. At 3 years and 8 months of age, a serum potassium level of 6.8 mmol L-1 was found when blood gas measurement was normal. One year later azotaemia was noted. At the age of 5 years, renal function studies disclosed hyperaldosteronism, decreased creatinine clearance, reduction of the reabsorption of sodium at distal diluting segments and inadequate concentration of urine at the collecting ducts. The reduction of the reabsorption of sodium, which may have resulted in decreased potassium excretion, and the decrease in glomerular filtration rate, together with the superimposed excess intake of potassium, appeared to be responsible for the hyperkalaemia. Dietary potassium restriction was effective in suppressing the hyperkalaemia.

Child↗