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Biomedical subjects

I Yeruham

Publications and source records attributed to I Yeruham.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

The effect of the ovine host parasitaemia on the development of Babesia ovis (Babes, 1892) in the tick Rhipicephalus bursa (Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877).

Batches of Rhipicephalus bursa adult ticks were fed on two lambs with 10.0% (batch 1) and 0.3% (batch 2) Babesia ovis parasitaemia, respectively. Haemolymph and eggs were checked for parasites daily after detachment, before and after appearance of B. ovis in the lamb's blood.B. ovis kinetes were found in the haemolymph and eggs earlier in the engorged ticks detached before appearance of the parasite in the host blood. Rates of haemolymph and egg infection with B. ovis as well as the percentage of infected eggs were much higher in batch 1 (10% lamb parasitaemia) than in batch 2 ticks (0.3% lamb parasitaemia). In eggs incubated at 28 degrees C the optimal period to look for kinetes seems to be days 4-9. Heavily infected ticks laid fewer less eggs within a shorter oviposition period. Pre-oviposition, pre-hatching periods and egg hatchability were not affected. Various parasitic forms are described in the haemolymph and the eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Adverse reactions to FMD vaccine.

A case of adverse post-vaccination allergic reactions, which occurred in a dairy cattle herd 8 days after the annual foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination, is described. The dermatologic lesions observed in these cattle included: urticaria, exudative and necrotic dermatitis, along with oedema and vesicles on the teats. These reactions occurred in 11.3% of the heifers, in 10% of the first-lactating cows and in 14.6% of the adult cows. The average loss of milk production for an affected cow on this farm was 21.5% per day, for seven consecutive days. The extent of the lesions was apparently related to concurrent diseases such as bovine virus diarrhea - mucosal disease complex (BVD-MD) and Johne's disease and, to a lesser degree, correlated with the age or breed.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Keratoconjunctivitis and periorbital papillomatosis associated with heavy periorbital infestation by the tail louse Haematopinus quadripertusus in heifers.

Heifers (Israeli-Holstein), aged 12-18 months, permanently maintained in open barns on an inadequate nutritional regime were found to be moderately to heavily infested by Haematopinus quadripertusus, the tail louse. The severely infested heifers showed keratoconjunctivitis and periorbital papillomatosis. Two treatments with an alpha-cypermethrin pour-on product 14 days apart controlled the lice, and were followed by alleviation of the inflammation and regression of the papillomas.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis and lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the third eyelid in heifers.

On a dairy cattle farm, infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis was diagnosed in 29 (24%) calves and heifers aged from 2 weeks to 1 year old. The highest infection rate (18%) occurred in animals aged 3-6 months. The bacteriological examination of swabs from the affected animals yielded several species of bacteria: Moraxella bovis, Neisseria ovis, N. cuniculi, plasma coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., alpha-haemolytic Streptococcus spp., Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli. Moraxella bovis and N. ovis were the most common isolates. Hyperplasia of the lymphatic tissue of the third eyelid in the form of nodules 7-8 mm in diameter was diagnosed in two heifers aged 8 and 10 months.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Study of apparent hypersensitivity to Culicoides species in sheep in Israel.

Between 1983 and 1997, a low incidence of seasonal allergic dermatitis was diagnosed in sheep in Israel aged eight months to eight years, in 10 flocks of a variety of breeds, but not the local Awassi breed. The 40 affected animals reacted with scratching, biting and vigorous stamping of the feet from April to November each year. The principal skin lesions were hyperkeratosis, spongiosis and infiltrations of eosinophils and mononuclear cells, typical of an allergic dermatitis which was probably a hypersensitivity reaction to biting insects. The epidemiological findings in relation to the area of Israel affected, the breeds of sheep and the distribution of the lesions suggested that the sheep's hypersensitivity was due to the bites of several species of Culicoides.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Economic aspects of outbreaks of dermatophilosis in first-calving cows in nine herds of dairy cattle in Israel.

Outbreaks of dermatophilosis in nine herds of dairy cattle in Israel were studied retrospectively. The outbreaks might have been associated with the exposure of the animals to intense showering during the spring and summer months of May to October, in addition to calving and postcalving stress. The acute exudative form of dermatophilosis occurred in the first-calving cows during the six weeks after they calved. The morbidity rate ranged from 10.0 to 66.6 per cent and the period of morbidity ranged from eight to 19 days. Mortality or culling occurred in four of the herds and ranged from 1.6 to 17.1 per cent. The disease also resulted in a gradual loss of condition, a decrease in milk production and marked increases in the somatic cell counts in milk.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed2000

The life cycle of Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877 (Acarina: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.

The biology of Rhipicephalus bursa has not been thoroughly studied. In the present study R. bursa was bred in the laboratory and its biology worked out.Larvae, nymphs and adult Rhipicephalus bursa ticks were fed on sheep and were held at 28+/-1 degrees C and 89+/-1% relative humidity (RH) in a darkened incubator. The average weight of engorged females was 0.676g (range 0.353-1.128). The average weight of eggs laid by females was 0.344g (range 0.146-0. 554g). The average number of eggs laid was 7527 (range 6263-8860) and this was significantly correlated with the weight of the females. The index of Reproduction Efficiency (number of eggs per g weight of female) was 8469.6. The index of Conversion Efficiency (weight of eggs per weight of female) was 0.5037. Peak daily oviposition, at an average of 840 eggs per female, occurred on the 6th day of oviposition. After Day 6, the rate declined steadily. The average duration of the preoviposition period was 5.1 days (range 4-7 days). The oviposition period averaged 16.5 days (range 12-21 days), and was significantly related to both the weight of the female and the number of eggs laid. The average pre-hatching period was 31.2 days (range 24-45 days). The average feeding time of larvae and nymphs of this two host tick was 15.2 days (range 14-18 days). Female ticks fed for 5.9 days on the average. Heavier nymphs produced females and a shorter premoult period was noted for lighter male nymphs. The males/females ratio was 1.38:1. The time taken to complete the life cycle was on average 142.45 days (range 99-254 days).

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Congenital thymic aplasia in a Holstein-Israeli female calf.

An unusual case of congenital thymic aplasia in a Holstein-Israeli female calf is described. The most prominent clinical findings were diarrhoea and weakness. At necropsy, the only significant pathological finding was the marked decrease in thymus size. Histologically, this organ was composed of loose connective tissue in which a few lymphocytes were scattered randomly.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Association between milk production, somatic cell count and bacterial dermatoses in three dairy cattle herds.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlations between three bacterial dermatoses in cattle, milk production and bulk-milk somatic cell count (BMSCC). DESIGN: Field observations in three dairy cattle herds. METHODS: Milk production, BMSCC, fertility and all herd diseases were recorded by computerised dairy management systems. Each herd was visited twice weekly and the clinical signs, course of diseases and morbidity and culling rates were noted. Bulk-tank milk was sampled twice monthly and analysed for somatic cell count. Bacteriological and histological examinations were carried out from samples collected from affected animals in the respective herds. RESULTS: The acute exudative form of dermatophilosis was diagnosed only in first-calving cows. The morbidity rate was 53% and the culling rate was 16% of the affected animals. The BMSCC increased by a factor of 2.4 times, and there was an average loss of milk production of 30%/cow/day in affected animals. Ulcerative lymphangitis was diagnosed in first-calving cows (22%) and older cows (15%). The culling rate was 28%. The BMSCC increased by a factor of 17.3 times, and the average loss of milk production was 5.5%/affected animal/day. Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) was diagnosed in first-calving cows (25%) and in older cows (18%). The culling rate was 8%. The BMSCC increased by a factor of two times, and the average loss of milk production was 1.7%/affected animal/day. CONCLUSIONS: The correlations between three skin diseases (ulcerative lymphangitis, dermatophilosis, papillomatous digital dermatitis), milk production and BMSCC have been found to be unfavourable.

Actinomycetales Infections↗
PubMed1999

Arthropod parasites of Nubian ibexes (Capra ibex nubiana) and gazelles (Gazella gazella) in Israel.

In a 20-year survey the following ectoparasites were collected from Nubian ibexes: larvae of an unidentified Oestrus sp. collected from the nasal cavities, sinuses and horns, hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena chalcomelaena) specific to the Nubian ibex, blood sucking lice (Linognathus africanus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.). Ibexes were severely infested with the cattle tick, Boophilus annulatus; a few Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum ticks were also collected. In five ibexes kept in two zoos, showing otitis, Psoroptes cuniculi, was identified, and from skin scrpaings of nine animals with severe dermatitis in three other zoos, Sarcoptes scabiei was isolated. Infestation of Nubian ibexes with sucking and biting lice as well as H. anatolicum excavatum is reported for the first time. The ectoparasites collected from gazelles were: hippoboscid flies (Lipoptena capreoli), calliphorid flies (Lucilia sericata and Calliphora sp.), sucking lice (Linognathus africanus and Solenopotes capillatus) and unidentified biting lice (Damalinia sp.), fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis), and ticks, B. annulatus, Rhipicepahlus bursa, Rhipicephalus turanicus, H. anatolicum excavatum and H. marginatum rufipes. In skin scrapings of four gazelles with local dermatitis in the fetlocks Chorioptes bovis was identified. Neoschoengastia sp. was found in craters between the claws in three gazelles.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Chorioptic mange (Acarina: Psoroptidae) in domestic and wild ruminants in Israel.

In a 20-year-survey, 9364 dairy cattle in 324 herds kept under a zero-grazing management, 1252 beef cattle in 46 herds grazing all the year round, 3347 sheep in 134 herds (only 26 are grazing herds), and 872 goats in 47 herds (only 20 are grazing) were examined. The mites collected from cattle were identified as Chorioptes texanus only, and those from sheep, goats and gazelles were identified as C. bovis. Chorioptic mange was not diagnozed in grazing beef cattle, ibexes and housed animals (as compared to grazing herds), and in rams and billy goats. Holstein-Israeli bulls kept in insemination centres were not clinically infested, whereas four Charolais bulls were infested with chorioptic mange. Infestation rate was higher in older animals than in younger ones. Hoggets and young goats over 10 months and heifers over 13 months were found clinically infested with Choriopic mites. Lesions were not usually extensive and occurred mainly in predilection sites. The ocular form in sheep and the groin form in goats are very uncommon and apparently are reported for the first time. Chorioptic mange was recorded generally throughout the year. In our study seasonal distribution could not be demonstrated in cattle, while in sheep and goats the highest infestation rate occurred in February to March and the lowest in August and September.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1999

Clinical and microbiological study of an otitis media outbreak in calves in a dairy herd.

On a dairy farm, otitis media was diagnosed in 64 suckler calves (21.8%) during a study period of 2 years, and in 10 calves (3.4%) in the third year. The inflammation was unilateral in 63 and bilateral in 11 calves. The affected calves were dull, lacked appetite, were pyrexic and displayed drooping ear or ears and tilted heads with purulent discharge exuding from the external ear canal. Of the affected animals, 56 (87.5%) were aged between 3 and 8 weeks. Morbidity was higher during the calving season and during the autumn and winter months (October-December). Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from 21 (32.8%), P. multocida from 20 (31.2%), Actinomyces pyogenes from 11 (17.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae from three (4.7%) of the clinically affected calves only during the first two study years. The exudate of the acute ear infections contained, in addition to Pasteurella spp., various bacteria and yeasts. Most of these bacteria were isolated from healthy ears as well, and are likely to be part of the normal ear flora. On the other hand most of the yeasts were isolated from otitic calves. After a short course of an appropriate treatment infections healed in all cases. Possible preventive measures are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Nine cases of idiopathic toxic epidermal necrolysis in cattle in Israel.

Nine sporadic cases of apparent toxic epidermal necrolysis in nine cattle herds in Israel are presented. The clinical symptoms were characterized by full-thickness epidermal exfoliation. No underlying disease or drug administration could be detected in the affected animals, and so all cases were classified as idiopathic. Recovery was noted in all affected animals. The clinical and histological findings are discussed in the light of the pertinent literature.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1999

A generalized staphylococcal scalded skin-like disease in lambs.

An idiopathic disease involving skin and kidneys was seen in two Merino lambs from the same herd. A generalized skin exfoliation in association with acute renal failure were the most prominent clinical features. The condition resembled staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome of man, and pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the lesion. Acute renal failure was diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and histological criteria, and necropsy.

Acute Kidney Injury↗