Biomedical subjects

I Yaprak

Publications and source records attributed to I Yaprak.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin secretion and insulin resistance determined by euglycemic clamp.

Obesity among children is increasingly recognized and linked to several metabolic problems. In this study, 47 children, aged 5-14 yr, with exogenous obesity were compared to 20 normal (non-obese) children to show alterations in glucose metabolism. All the obese children had body mass index > 95th percentile and weight for age > 120%. Basal and stimulated insulin and C-peptide levels were obtained during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Seven children from the obese group had impaired OGTT according to WHO criteria. Mean fasting insulin levels were 26.7 +/- 14.6 microIU/ml in obese and 10.99 +/- 4.36 microIU/ml in controls; postprandial insulin levels were 70.4 +/- 56.4 microIU/ml and 22.23 +/- 6.55 microIU/ml, respectively (p < 0.001). The euglycemic glucose clamp technique was applied to 8 normal and 22 obese children. The amount of metabolized glucose (M) during clamp test is measured to identify glucose sensitivity. Mean M values were 3.24 +/- 1.35 mg/kg/min in obese and 6.525 +/- 0.770 mg/kg/min in control children (p < 0.001). As a result of this study, it seems reasonable to consider all obese children and adults as being at risk for hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A different approach to sleep problems of infancy: swaddling above the waist.

Daytime sleep and wake periods of ten swaddled infants were periodically recorded by their mothers. The babies were swaddled above the waist for the first four days of the second, third and fourth months of life. During the next four days of the same months, the same infants were monitored with no swaddling. Comparison of the two sleep situations (swaddled and unswaddled) demonstrated that the increase in the total daytime sleep was statistically significant when the baby was loosely swaddled above the waist.

Circadian Rhythm↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ectopic thoracic kidney.

A five-month-old female infant was hospitalized for bronchopneumonia. Ultrasonography and other studies demonstrated the presence of an ectopic thoracic kidney with normal anatomical structures.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term use of anti-D in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disease characterized by antibody-mediated destruction of platelets. To maintain the platelets above the symptomatic level, we administered anti-D (100 micrograms for 5 consecutive days) in 19 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Four patients did not respond to treatment. Fifteen responded with an increase in the average platelet number to 76,000/microL on the 7th postinjection day. Within 45 days, however, platelets dropped to 27,000/microL. Three months after this study, two patients from the study group were re-administered anti-D in daily injections for 5 consecutive days, as was done previously. Monthly administration of anti-D in two patients maintained platelets above 30,000/microL for periods of five and six months. We concluded that monthly administration of anti-D after five consecutive daily injections can maintain platelet levels above the symptomatic level and may provide a corticosteroid-free safe interval of nearly five months.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of different filters for white cell reduction.

Removal of white blood cells (WBCs) from blood components before transfusion by filters with at least 3 log10 depletion may prevent or delay leukocyte-associated transfusion reactions such as HLA alloimmunization, non-hemolytic febrile reactions, transmitted infections (e.g., CMV, HTLV-1), and immunomodulation. The aim of this study was to compare the leukocyte removal efficiency (LRE) of six commercial bedside filters that are said to achieve 3 log10 (Bio R-01), Leucostop 4LT-1, Pall RC 50) and 4 log10 (Bio R-01 Plus, Pall RC 400, Pall RC XL-1) WBC depletion. A total of 430 units of whole blood ranging from 32 to 92 for each filter type were analyzed by an automated counter before and after filtration. Postfiltration blood samples were also evaluated for WBCs by Nageotte chamber. All the filters demonstrated leukocyte removal about 1 log10 less than the manufacturer's claim. The fourth generation filters showed a better performance than the third generation filters. Of them, Pall RC XL-1 showed the best efficacy with 99.93 percent leukocyte removal and a median residual WBCs of 1.6 x 10(6) per unit. These results indicate that the fourth generation filters, which are designed for the filtration of packed red cells, in particular Pall RC XL-1, are also able to reduce WBCs from whole blood below the critical antigenic leukocyte load (5 x 10(6)), and can be efficiently used for polytransfused patients to prevent alloimmunization.

Blood Group Incompatibility↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Left ventricular diastolic abnormalities in children with beta-thalassemia major: a Doppler echocardiographic study.

Left ventricular filling patterns were assessed by Doppler echocardiography in 63 beta-thalassemia major patients, aged for to 21 years, with no clinical evidence of congestive heart failure and 63 age- and sex-matched normal controls. The patients with beta-thalassemia major were divided into three age groups, namely four to nine years (6.8 +/- 1.5 years), 10-15 years (12.1 +/- 1.6 years) and older than 15 years (17.3 +/- 1.7 years). They were compared with age- and sex-matched normal controls in respects of Doppler diastolic indices. The ratio between the early and late (atrial) peaks of flow velocity was higher and peak flow velocity in late diastole was significantly lower in patients with beta-thalassemia major as compared to controls in all three age groups (p < .001). As compared with the controls, peak early diastolic flow velocity was also significantly higher in the thalassemics aged 10 to 15 years (92 +/- 16 vs 80 +/- 12 cm/s, P < .01) and in those older than 15 years (95 +/- 16 vs 79 +/- 13 cm/s, p < .001). Restrictive left ventricular diastolic abnormalities were detected in a total of 34 (54%) patients with beta-thalassemia major, whereas left ventricular systolic abnormalities were identified only eight (13%) of them. None of the patients without left ventricular diastolic abnormalities showed left ventricular systolic abnormalities. There was not any significant correlation between the hematologic parameters, such as mean serum ferritin, maximum serum ferritin and the number of blood units transfused, and left ventricular Doppler diastolic indices (p > .05). From the data presented here, we therefore conclude that left ventricular diastolic abnormalities develop in patients with beta-thalassemia major in the early phase of the disease and before the appearance of systolic abnormalities, when clinical symptoms of congestive heart failure are absent.

Adolescent↗