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Biomedical subjects

I W Mair

Publications and source records attributed to I W Mair.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Respiratory tract viruses in otosclerotic lesions. An immunohistochemical study.

A series of viral antigens, including adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1 and 3, measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial (RSV) and Epstein Barr (EBV) viruses was studied in a prospective series of stapes specimens from 24 consecutive patients operated on for otosclerosis. The stapes specimens were processed for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. With the exception of one case of positive specific reactivity for anti-RSV antibody in one multinuclear osteoclastic cell, no specific reactivity was seen in the specimens. This was the case both in active (n = 8) and inactive (n = 16) otosclerotic lesions. The possibility of unspecific staining reactions is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Tuberculous otomastoiditis.

A review of the 20th century English-language literature has produced a total of 320 cases of tuberculous otitis media or otomastoiditis, of which a surprising 93 cases have been reported in the 5-year period 1986-1990. Eighty-three percent of these have come from indigenous African populations. The international health and sociological implications of this development are disturbing. three personal cases seen during the past 8 years are presented, all of whom came from the indigenous Norwegian population. The epidemiology of these cases is therefore different, which can result in a diagnostic delay due to a low index of suspicion. The historically classical signs of this disease are frequently absent.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

High-frequency audiometry. Masking of air- and bone-conduction signals.

Interaural attenuation has been investigated for both air-conduction and bone-conduction signals in the frequency ranges 0.25-18 and 0.25-16 kHz respectively. Ear canal occlusion is recommended when using the Koss HV/1A earphone for BC masking, as acoustic transmission occurs through the headset in the high-frequency range. Minimum masking levels for 1/3-octave filtered white noise were established for bone-conduction signals in the frequency range 8-16 kHz. Central masking of bone-conduction signals proved to be of the same order of magnitude in the conventional- and high-frequency ranges, while the cross-masking level was approximately 10-15 dB lower above 6 kHz. Recommendations are made for a masking procedure in the high frequency range.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1991

[Otoacoustic emissions].

Otoacoustic emissions provide a new method for objective assessment of peripheral auditory function. Emissions have been recorded in 80 patients and comparisons made with subjective hearing tests and brain stem response audiometry. Our experiences confirm that this procedure is rapid and easy to perform, and that the presence of emissions is a reliable indication of normal function in the middle ear and cochlea. This is particularly useful in neonates, young children and adults whose inability to cooperate prevents the use of behavioural audiometry. Recording of otoacoustic emissions can replace brain stem response audiometry as the primary objective assessment of auditory function in these groups.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1991

Cerebral abscess complicating dilatation of a corrosive esophageal stricture.

A case is presented in which a metastatic cerebral abscess developed in a 62-year-old female who required repeated dilatation for an esophageal stricture following accidental ingestion of liquid caustic soda. The literature is reviewed and management suggested for the avoidance of this uncommon complication.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1991

High-frequency audiometry. Response characteristics of the KH70 vibrator.

Various response characteristics of the Präcitronic KH70 bone vibrator have been investigated in the frequency range 0.25 through 16 kHz. Masked threshold reproducibility is satisfactory throughout the frequency range. An occlusion effect is present only at frequencies at and below 1 kHz. Stimulus perception lateralizes to the occluded ear through 1 kHz and less consistently at successively higher frequencies. The KH70 does not satisfy the IEC 645 (1979) criterion for acoustic radiation for frequencies below 6 kHz, especially at the intermediate frequencies of 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz. With the restrictions inherent in the occlusion effect, this does not, however, interfere with threshold determination. The vibrator would thus seem suitable for clinical use through 16 kHz.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Right-sided microtia and conductive hearing loss with variable expressivity in three generations.

Familial cases of microtia and meatal atresia are rare, and both dominant and recessive inheritance have been suggested. We here report a family with right-sided external ear malformations and conductive hearing loss in a grandfather, his daughter and granddaughter. The grandfather and the granddaughter both had microtia and meatal atresia, whereas the daughter had a normal outer ear except for a narrow meatus and auricular appendages. The pedigree suggests autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Brain-stem responses of the cat and interaural attenuation.

The early auditory evoked responses have been studied in bilaterally hearing cats, and in animals with hereditary unilateral anacusis. Cross-over stimulation of the hearing ear occurs at an interaural attenuation of 50--50 dB, and all six waves of the responsare present at supra-threshold stimulus levels.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

Chronic serous otitis media in the adult.

Twelve adult patients with serous otitis media have been seen in a five-year-period. Five of seven patients with nasopharyngeal neoplasm have died, and one case of polyarteritis nodosa has also terminated fatally. The remaining four patients had benign pathology in the nasopharynx, including one case of branchial cyst. A group of patients with chronic nasopharyngitis but without otological involvement is also reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cervical ranula.

Ranulas are mucous extravasation cysts, and usually originate from the sublingual salivary gland. They may occasionally infiltrate the tissue planes of the neck and present as a cervical tumour. The literature is reviewed, and four personal cases of cervical ranula presented. Successful treatment may be achieved in the vast majority of cases by removal of the sublingual salivary gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acute cochleovestibular dysfunction.

A case of acute vertigo and sudden deafness with concomitant eye lesions is presented. The possible differential diagnoses are discussed, and the principles of treatment outlined.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Lateral cervical anomaliew and salivary heterotopia.

It is widely accepted that most lateral cervical fistulas with an external opening in the suprasternal region orginate from second branchial arch remnants. Lateral cervical cysts occur higher in the neck and according to current theories, may develop either from the branchial apparatus or from glandular inclusions in cervical lymph nodes. An histological study revealed salivary tissue in 9 of 24 fistulas, 5 of these representing a congenital cervical salivary sinus, while only one of 17 cysts showed salivary heterotopia. This investigation indicates that salivary tissue may occur more commonly in the lateral neck than is generally realised, and that lateral cervical cystis and fistulas probably differ in their histogenesis.

Choristoma↗
PubMed1979

BSER-audiometry in difficult-to-test patients.

The results of BSER audiometry in a group of 38 difficult-to-test patients are reported, and the response thresholds compared with previous assessments by conventional audiometric techniques. The frequently severe behavioural disorders of these patients necessitated the use of general anaesthesia. Myringotomy revealed middle ear fluid in 20% of the ears, whilst 26% had significant ocular pathology.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Chronic secretory otitis media.

212 of 242 patients (88%) treated for chronic secretory otitis media in 1972 were re-examined 5 years later. A total of 668 otological procedures has been performed, 99 patients being treated only once, while one patient received 12 procedures. The pure tone threshold was 20 dB or less in 88% of the ears in 1977, whilst only 57% had a type A tympanogram. Normal otoscopy was found in 40.5% of the ears, persisting secretory otitis in 11%, atelectasis in 2.8% and chronic suppurative otitis in 2.6%; the remaining 42.9% showed varying degrees of scarring and myringosclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Brain stem electric response audiometry and middle ear effusion.

Brain stem electric response audiometry has been performed in a group of 41 difficult-to-test children under the age of 8 years. All ears were examined with the pneumatic otomicroscope prior to determination of response thresholds, and middle ear effusion found in 24 (29.3%). Seven of the 14 children requiring hearing aid amplification had fluid in 12 ears (42.9%). The importance of early recognition and treatment of middle ear pathology in children with sensori-neural hearing loss is stressed, and routine otomicroscopy by the attending otologist is recommended.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1979

Granulomatos cervical lymphadenitis.

One hundred and thirty-nine cases of pathologically involved cervical lymph nodes have been reviewed, and granulomatous lymphadenitis found in 29 patients (20.9 per cent). There were two cases of sarcoidosis, 10 of tularemia, five patients (3.6 per cent) had tuberculous lymphadenitis and 12 (8.7 per cent) fulfilled commonly accepted criteria for infection with atypical mycobacteria. The clinical features of the latter condition, which is probably insufficiently recognized, are reviewed, and surgery is recommended as the primary treatment modality.

Child↗