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Biomedical subjects

I Vinograd

Publications and source records attributed to I Vinograd.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

A knot of the subclavian venous catheter in a premature neonate.

The percutaneous subclavian venous catheter is used in administration of total parenteral nutrition in premature neonates. Most of the complications observed include catheter-related sepsis, cracking or obstruction of the line, and accidental removal. We encountered an unusual complication when an intravascular knot in the catheter was formed upon removal of the line. If care is taken when advancing the catheter, this complication can be avoided.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1985

Meconium plugs and intussusception in a premature infant.

Neonatal intussusception in premature infants is uncommon and may mimic other abdominal disorders. We present a case of intussusception in a very low birthweight neonate. Presenting signs initially suggested necrotizing enterocolitis and meconium disease, and the diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous subclavian venous catheters in premature infants weighing less than 1500 gm.

Thirty-two percutaneous subclavian venous catheters were inserted in critically ill, low birthweight (less than 1500 gm) neonates. No complication occurred secondary to insertion. The total number of catheter-patient days was 754 days, with the average duration of a single catheter being 23.5 days. The incidence of primary catheter-related clinical sepsis was 3.1%. The safety and bedside feasibility of the procedure, as well as long catheter duration make it the best option for long-term venous access in this unique group of patients.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Animal model for the study of internal anal sphincter activity.

This paper describes a simple and reliable model for studying the internal anal sphincter (IAS) in the rat. The activity of the sphincter was recorded by a two-balloon system. The compliance of the balloon allowed measurements of pressure changes lower than 0.1 cm H2O. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the rat IAS were found to be in many aspects similar to those found in the human. The rectoanal reflex in the rat consists of relaxation followed by contraction. The threshold for this response is 0.4-0.6 ml of air. The response of the IAS to prolonged rectal distension showed adaptation in 50% of the animals. Intraarterial application of drugs produced rapid, dose-dependent and reproducible effects on the IAS. The results described in this work show that the rat is a useful and convenient model for studying anal function. It may be used to investigate both the physiology and pharmacology of the IAS activity.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

Isolated emphysematous gastritis in an infant.

A case of isolated emphysematous gastritis in a full-term infant, which is the fifth so far in the medical literature, is described. Predisposing factors, mode of treatment, and sequelae differ from the rare adult form of this disease. Of special interest are malnutrition as a predisposing factor in the development of this disease in infants and the very important role of intravenous hyperalimentation in its successful treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

An experimental model of a submucosally tunnelled valve for the replacement of the ileo-cecal valve.

An enteric valve to prevent colonic content reflux and to prolong small bowel transit time was created by passing small bowel through a submucosal tunnel in the colon. Barium enema, Gl tract series, and iso- and antiperistaltic pressure measurements showed the valve to be of competence equal to the ileo-cecal valve. Late pathological examination revealed a patent valve with minimal scar formation. The optimal submucosal tunnel length was between 4 and 6 cm. This valve can, theoretically, increase the absorptive capacity in short bowel syndrome and may serve as a substitute for the critically important ileo-cecal valve.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome.

Two neonates with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome are described. Both were boys. The main manifestation was functional obstruction of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. While there is no explanation as yet for the aetiology and pathogenesis, the diagnosis is simple, the treatment symptomatic, and the outcome fatal.

Colon↗
PubMed1983

Rectal mucosal biopsy in aganglionosis and allied conditions.

Rectal mucosal biopsies were performed in 146 patients suspected of having Hirschsprung's disease. The biopsies were serially sectioned and screened for the presence of ganglion cells. In the 101 cases in which ganglion cells were found, the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was ruled out. In 45 patients, histologic examination revealed the typical features of Hirschsprung's disease, i.e., the absence of ganglion cells and the presence of numerous hypertrophied nerve bundles. The varied morphologic features of Meissner's plexus in patients of different ages and the diagnostic pitfalls are described in detail. Serial frozen sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin were examined in eight cases of neonatal intestinal obstruction and enterocolitis. This method was found to be useful and reliable in emergencies. In three of these cases ganglion cells were found and major surgical procedures were avoided. In 73 cases, staining for acetylcholinesterase activity was performed. The results matched the microscopic findings in all but three false-positive cases.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1983

High anorectal atresia - surgical treatment through a sacro-coccygeal-perineal approach.

10 infants with high anorectal atresia had a primary colostomy and later a definitive pull-through operation was performed. This was accomplished through a sacro-coccygeal approach and enabled easy and precise identification of the pubo-rectalis sling of the levator ani muscle. Placement of the rectum inside this sling is the most important factor in achieving post-operative faecal continence in these infants. A follow-up period of 4--10 years showed good bowel control in 9 patients, although occasional slight soiling occurs.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1982

Pseudo and true Hirschsprung's disease in one family.

A case of a 35-yr-old woman with the characteristics of pseudo-Hirschsprung's disease is presented. The diagnosis was based on the following criteria: a history of chronic constipation since early infancy, a largely distended abdomen and an adynamic distal colon. The patient had a normal anosphincteric relaxation reflex and normal rectal myenteric ganglion cells. Resection of the distended large bowel failed to relieve the symptoms and was followed by distention of the entire small bowel. Complete cure was achieved after a Duhamel procedure. This patient is an adult, unlike the previously reported cases. Of special interest is the occurrence of true Hirschsprung's disease in one of her children.

Adult↗