The sternocleidomastoid muscles from five children with muscular torticollis--examined by transmission electron microscopy, exhibited a marked increase in interstitial collagen deposition, and scattered areas of amorphous ground substance with electron dense deposits. No vascular abnormalities were observed. Ultrastructural muscle abnormalities showed various stages of immobilization degeneration including nearly complete loss of myofibrils. The muscle abnormalities ultrastructurally are consistent with immobilization degeneration, probably secondary to the marked fibrosis in the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clubfoot management.

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Clubfoot↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Juvenile kyphosis: an ultrastructural study.

Biopsy specimens of the spine, including intervertebral disc, vertebral plate, growth plate, and part of the vertebral body, were obtained from seven patients with juvenile kyphosis treated by anterior spinal arthrodesis. Histological and histochemical studies showed abnormal loose-appearing cartilage in both the vertebral plate and the growth plate. Both plates were missing in some vertebrae. Ultrastructurally the abnormal cartilage had a matrix rich in proteoglycans and very thin collagen fibrils. The mineralization and ossification of the vertebral plates were irregular. Vertebral bone growth was stunted under the areas of abnormal growth plates.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fifty years of orthopedics.

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Europe↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital idiopathic clubfoot.

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Casts, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies of the hip joint capsule and ligamentum teres in congenital dislocation of the hip.

The histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure were investigated in 12 ligamentum teres and 11 hip joint capsule biopsies obtained at open reduction of 9 patients with congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) and of 2 normal hips. The ages of the patients ranged from 2 months to 4 years and 2 months. In the joint capsule of the dislocated hips, the cells were irregularly distributed, had different shapes, and appeared to be in different stages of functional activity. The collagen fiber bundles were thicker than in the normal capsule, distributed and of varied thickness. The collagen fibrils in the younger patients were thinner than in the normal hip and their diameter increased slightly with age. In the ligamentum teres of the dislocated hips the elastic fibers were thicker and more numerous than in the normal hip, whereas the cells and collagen fibrils showed changes similar to those observed in the capsule. Fibrocartilaginous metaplasia was found in both the capsule and the ligamentum teres in areas compressed by the femoral head. The morphologic and histochemical changes observed in the joint capsule in CDH appeared to be secondary to the mechanical stresses caused by the dislocation.

Cartilage, Articular↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term results of closed reduction of complete congenital dislocation of the hip in children under one year of age.

Eight to 29 year follow-up investigation of the results of closed reduction in 40 completely dislocated hips in children, treated under one year of age, show that 92.5% of the hips had good functional results and 77.5% had good anatomical results. The slant and depth of the acetabular roof rapidly improved during the first year after reduction and slowly during the following 8 years. Femoral head necrosis occurred in 12 hips (30%). The necrosis was mild in 4 hips and severe in 8. The 8 hips with severe femoral head necrosis had poor anatomical results. Surprisingly, the development of the acetabulum was not influenced by femoral head necrosis. Femoral head necrosis was frequently observed when the head was in a high position in relation with the acetabulum prior to reduction. Closed reduction should not be attempted unless the head can be brought down below the level of the acetabulum.

Acetabulum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between arthrograms and operative findings in congenital dislocation of the hip.

Forty-two patients with congenital dislocation of the hip demonstrated good correlation between the arthrograms and the operative findings of a large ligamentum teres, an hourglass constriction of the capsule, a prominent transverse ligament and an acetabular bulge. The number of hips found at operation to have an inturned labrum was smaller than had been predicted on arthrogram. Larger percentages of hips with inturned labrum found at operation have been reported by other authors. We noted an acetabular bulge in a sizeable number of our patients. On arthrogram an inturned labrum has to be differentiated from the acetabular bulge and from an hourglass constriction. Open reduction is indicated when arthrogram indicates an interposition of a large ligamentum teres, an hourglass constriction, or a prominent transverse ligament. Isolated findings of an acetabular bulge or an inturned labrum on arthrogram are not indications for open reduction.

Child, Preschool↗