Trypsin hydrolysis of the Tyr(42)-Ser(43) bond, the chymotrypsin reactive-site peptide bond, of faba bean Bowman-Birk type inhibitor.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
I Tsuji
Publications and source records attributed to I Tsuji.
The amino acid sequence of a Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor from faba beans (Vicia faba L.).
The amino acid sequence of a Bowman-Birk type proteinase inhibitor (FBI) from seeds of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was determined by analysis of peptide fragments generated by reduction and S-carboxymethylation of enzymatically modified inhibitors, which were obtained from native FBI by limited proteolysis with TPCK-trypsin or TLCK-chymotrypsin at pH 3.5. The established sequence showed that FBI is highly homologous with Vicia angustifolia inhibitor (VAI0 but lacks the portion corresponding to the C-terminal 9 amino acids of VAI. The trypsin reactive-site peptide bond in FBI was also indicated to be Lys(16)-Ser(17) and the chymotrypsin reactive-site peptide bond to be Tyr(42)-Ser(43) by limited proteolysis with TPCK-trypsin or TLCK-chymotrypsin and by sequence comparison with other Bowman-Birk type inhibitors.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for colorectal cancer in Japan.
To clarify the best cost-effective screening strategy for colorectal cancer in Japan, the cost-effectiveness ratio was compared among six currently performed procedures. The analysis was made using a simulation model to estimate long-term cost and effectiveness of the screening programs. In the screening by the immunological fecal occult blood test (FOBT), a comparison between the one- and two-day fecal collection methods indicated that the latter was more cost-effective than the former. A comparison was also made on the four workup methods: barium enema (BE) alone, a combination of BE and sigmoidoscopy (BE + SIG), total colonoscopy (TCF) alone, and a combination of BE and TCF (BE + TCF). The cost-effectiveness ratio was the lowest in the method using TCF alone, followed by those based on BE alone and BE + TCF, and the highest in the BE + SIG method. The superiority of TCF alone strategy was stable over a range of estimates such as the sensitivity of diagnostic tests, the probability of complications due to TCF, etc. It is concluded that a combination of the two-day FOBT and TCF yields the best cost-effectiveness.
Barium Sulfate↗
Cost-effectiveness analysis of screening for gastric cancer in Japan.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of gastric cancer screening in Japan was performed, and the cost-effectiveness ratio was compared with that of colorectal cancer screening. The analytical model was the same as that adopted in our previous study on colorectal cancer screening (Tsuji et al. 1991). The results indicated that the cost per case-fatality prevented by colorectal cancer screening was 5.5 and 2.7 times more expensive for males and females, respectively, than that by gastric cancer screening. The age of the population influenced the cost-effectiveness of screening programs. The cost-effectiveness ratio in gastric cancer screening became negative among males older than the age of 65 years, suggesting that the total cost for prevention and control of deaths by gastric cancer in these age populations is saved by the screening program.
Adult↗
Receiver operating characteristic analysis on fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and fructosamine on diabetes screening.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of HbA1c and fructosamine as alternatives to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) for diabetes screening. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted on the above tests. Comparison among tests was based on the area under ROC curve of a test. World Health Organization criteria for classifying glucose tolerance status of the subjects was used. The study consisted of subjects (n = 583) who visited the clinic from September to October 1989 and all diabetic cases (n = 36) from November 1989 to March 1990, after excluding those less than 40 yr of age or with hypoglycemic therapies (469 were normal, 88 with impaired glucose tolerance ( IGT], and 62 with diabetes). RESULTS: Area under ROC curve of HbA1c was not different from that of FPG. Area under curve of fructosamine was significantly smaller than that of FPG. For all tests, overall efficacy of a test to detect IGT and diabetes was considerably diminished compared with detection of diabetes alone. CONCLUSIONS: The discriminating ability of HbA1c is almost the same as that of FPG, therefore HbA1c is a good alternative to FPG. Fructosamine is not suitable for diabetes screening.
Analysis of Variance↗
Mass screening for colorectal cancer in Japan.
A mass screening program for colorectal cancer has been conducted in Japan for several years, and the nationwide statistics showed a total of 416,382 participants in 1988. This paper describes the present status of mass screening program for colorectal cancer in Japan and related issues as follows: annual trend of the number of examinees, age distribution of examinees, screening methods, diagnostic methods, evaluation of screening accuracy for fecal occult blood tests, and screening interval.
Adult↗
Enzyme immunosensors based on electropolymerized polytyramine modified electrodes.
Highly sensitive amperometric enzyme immunosensors for human immunoglobulin G (IgG) were prepared on the basis of electrogenerated polytyramine (PTy, tyramine = p-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol) modified electrodes. Properties of PTy films changed depending on electrolysis conditions. On the basis of the found properties of the films, an effective IgG sensor was prepared: a PTy film was formed first from an acid solution on a Pt electrode, and the surface was further covered with a PTy film from an alkaline methanol solution to give a PTy doubly coated electrode on which anti-IgG was then immobilized. This electrode provided a large surface area with little non-specific adsorption of proteins. By means of the competitive enzyme immunoassay technique using glucose oxidase (GOD) labeled IgG conjugates, IgG was determined in the concentration range of c. 10 pg/ml-1 mg/ml from the oxidation current of H2O2 generated by the enzyme (GOD) reaction using the above IgG sensor. Also, an anti-IgG immobilized electrode, prepared by using a Pt electrode singly covered with a PTy film from an alkaline methanol solution, acted as an effective IgG sensor with a detection limit for IgG of c. 100 pg/ml.
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
Time course of tension development of knee extensor muscle on twitch, tetanic, and fast voluntary contraction in normal subjects.
Tension lag time (TLT), a latency from the onset of electromyographic activities of prime mover muscle to the rise of tension, of knee extensor muscle was measured at twitch, tetanic, and fast voluntary contraction in three normal subjects. Twitch and tetanic contractions were evoked by four different strengths of electrical stimuli, and the peak tensions attained at fast voluntary contraction were within the range of tensions evoked by electrical stimulation. In each mode of contraction, the relationship between TLT and peak tension (Fmax) was approximated by a hyperbolic function of Fmax (TLT-a) = b. TLT was influenced by three factors: (1) Fmax, the greater Fmax, the shorter TLT; (2) force detection level to point out timing of the rise of tension, the higher the level, the longer TLT was; and (3) the mode of contraction, shortest at the twitch, longest at the voluntary, and intermediate in the tetanic contraction.
Adult↗
Prolonged tension lag time of knee extensor muscle on twitch contraction in patients with spastic hemiparesis.
Tension lag time on electric stimulation (TLTe), i.e., latency from the stimulus to the rise of tension, and contraction time (CT) of the rectus femoris muscle on twitch contraction were measured on the affected and non-affected sides of eight patients with spastic hemiparesis due to stroke. Both TLTe and CT were significantly longer on the affected side than on the non-affected side, suggesting changes in contractile properties of the spastic muscle.
Aged↗
Effect of reaction time condition on EMG activities of the biceps brachii muscle in elbow flexion and forearm supination.
Under simple- and choice-RT conditions, the biceps brachii muscle was examined in 8 healthy male subjects to determine how the temporal and spatial characteristics of elbow flexion and forearm supination differed at the initial phase of EMG activity and whether preparation or the presence of response uncertainty influenced the EMG outputs of the two movements. In the simple-RT condition, RT of supination was significantly faster than that of flexion but EMG activity of supination was less than that of flexion. In contrast, in the choice-RT condition, RT of flexion was significantly faster than that of supination but EMG activity of flexion was significantly reduced compared to supination. These findings indicate that advanced preparation or motor set facilitates the differentiation of RTs and EMG activities of the response movements and that response uncertainty causes a significant change in the temporal and spatial specificity of both elbow flexion and forearm supination.
Adult↗
[The work of the occupational therapist in home care of the aged: assistance in the establishment of independence in daily activities and attainment of a sense of achievement in everyday life].
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Achievement↗
The altered time course of tension development during the initiation of fast movement in hemiplegic patients.
The time course of tension development produced by fast isometric contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle for knee extension was examined on eight normal subjects and 14 patients with spastic hemiparesis due to stroke. Tension lag time (TLT), the latency from the onset of EMG activities to the rise of tension, and contraction time (FTmax), the period from the rise of tension to its maximum, were longer in the patients than in the normal subjects. The prolongation of FTmax correlated with the decreased rate of tension development. The results indicated that the temporal characteristics of tension development altered in the spastic paresis, reflecting functional changes in the muscle and motor neurons.
Adult↗
Effect of antispastic drugs on rapid force generation of spastic muscle.
The effect of antispastic drugs, dantrolene sodium and baclofen, on the initiation of rapid knee extension was examined in 8 normal subjects and 8 patients with spastic hemiparesis. Three biomechanical variables, the latency between EMG onset of the rectus femoris and rise of tension (TLT), that between the rise of tension and the maximum tension of knee extension (FTmax) and the maximum tension attained (Fmax), were measured before and after administration of one of the drugs. Dantrolene sodium increased TLT, but did not change FTmax or Fmax. The increase of TLT was remarkable in the normal subjects and the non-affected side, compared to the affected side of the patients. Baclofen did not modify TLT or FTmax, but decreased Fmax. The decrease of Fmax was definite in the normal subjects while it was negligible in the affected side of the patients. Clinical implications and pathophysiological mechanisms of these results were discussed.
Adult↗
Relationship of muscle strength for knee extension to walking capacity in patients with spastic hemiparesis.
Muscle strength for knee extension, both isokinetic and isometric, and walking capacity, maximum velocity and walking rate, were examined in 11 post-stroke hemiparetic patients. The degree of spasticity of the affected lower extremity was not related to the isokinetic and isometric torques, or to the walking capacity. Although both the isokinetic and isometric torques decreased on the affected side compared to the non-affected side, the rate of decrease was remarkable in isokinetic torque at fast velocities. The walking capacity was well correlated with isokinetic torque of the affected side at fast velocities but not isometric torques. These results suggest that reduction of muscle strength at rapid movements is an essential feature of spastic paresis and is primary cause of motor disabilities such as impaired locomotor function.
Adult↗
Motor time of the rectus femoris under loading of different weights.
Motor time (MT) of the rectus femoris was measured for seven normal subjects during rapid extension of the knee joint at 60 degrees flexion in the sitting position with and without external loads on the leg. MT prolonged linearly with external load from 0 to 4 kg. Tangent of this linearity, the rate of tension development (RTD), was significantly different from one another of the subjects and was not related to MT without external load. RTD is a relevant index to assess an efficiency of rapid force generation of a muscle.
Adult↗
[For beginners in nursing research. Report: working and motherhood].
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Humans↗
[Clinical statistics on testicular tumors in the Japanese during the 1970's].
A statistical analysis was made by computer on 511 cases of testicular tumor experienced at 14 facilities in Japan between 1970 and 1979. The age distribution of the patients had two peaks, one under 3 years (15%) and the other between 25 and 34 years (32%). Forty percent of the patients were office workers and 76% were college graduates. Fifty percent of the patients had 0 to 1 sibs. The blood type distribution was similar to that for the whole Japanese population. Six percent of the patients had a past history of trauma, and no relation with cell type was detected. Sixty nine percent of the patients were married and 31% were not married. Sixty seven percent of the patients over 30 had seminoma, and 78% of the patients under 29 years old had non-seminoma. Seminoma was rare in patients under 9 years old. Histologically, 75% were simple type, and 25% were mixed type. Forty three percent of the cases were seminoma and 57% were non-seminoma. Of the stage I cases, 78% and 57%, and of the stage III cases 7 and 28%, respectively, were seminoma and non-seminoma, many of the non-seminoma being at high stage. The 5-year survival rate for the 75 patients under 9 years old was 96%, and that for the 341 patients over 15 years was 70%, the survival rate for the patients under 9 years being significantly higher. The 5-year survival rate for stage I, II and III seminoma was 100, 65 and 0%, respectively, while that for non-seminoma was 93, 56 and 8%, respectively. The survival rate for stage I was higher for seminoma cases than for non-seminoma cases. No difference was detected between survival rate for stage II or III between seminoma and non-seminoma. The survival rate for seminoma did not differ with the time when the surgery was performed, but for the patients with non-seminomatous tumors, the survival rate was higher for the patients operated within one month than those operated later. The survival rate was not related to the weight of the extracted testicle. The 5-year survival rate for the patients with normal body temperature was 78% whereas that for the patients who had fevers was 32%. The 5-year survival rate for the patients not accompanied by abdominal tumors was about 80%, whereas that for the patients with palpated abdominal tumors was 42%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Wilms tumor and nephrotic syndrome in male pseudohermaphroditism.
A case is reported of a child with male pseudohermaphroditism in whom Wilms tumor developed at age twenty-two months. The tumor was treated accordingly, but the child subsequently died of nephrotic syndrome with renal failure at age thirty-two months. After reviewing the similar concurrence of these disorders described as a syndrome, it was suggested that they may have basic embryologic abnormalities in common and that all of them originate during embryogenesis. The importance of bearing this syndrome in mind in the management of a child with abnormal gonadal differentiation is stressed.
Disorders of Sex Development↗