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Biomedical subjects

I Toda

Publications and source records attributed to I Toda.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Inhomogeneity of ventricular refractory period in canine heart with quinidine-induced long QT interval: a comparative study on effects of heart rate, isoprenaline, and lignocaine.

In anaesthetised open chest dogs, 30 mg . kg-1 of quinidine sulphate was injected intravenously over 5 min to produce QT prolongation. The sinus node was crushed. Effective refractory period (ERP) was determined at eight test points of the right ventricle using extra-stimuli after every seven basic ventricular pacings. Stimuli were of 2 ms duration and 1.5 times diastolic threshold. Temporal dispersion was estimated as the difference between the maximum and the minimum ERP of eight test points. Cycle lengths of basic ventricular drive were 700, 600, 500, and 400 ms. Time course of changes in ERP and its temporal dispersion was tested in five dogs. The effect of a 2 mg . kg-1 bolus injection followed by 70 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 drip infusion lignocaine, on quinidine-induced changes in ERP was studied in eight dogs, and that of a 0.06 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 infusion of isoprenaline, was tested in six dogs. ERP was significantly prolonged after quinidine injection (220 +/- 20 vs 258 +/- 25 ms n = 19, basic cycle length = 500 ms, p less than 0.001). Temporal dispersion was also increased after quinidine (18 +/- 9 vs 33 +/- 12 ms n = 19, basic cycle length = 500 ms, p less than 0.001). With shortening of basic cycle length (BCL), ERPs were shortened significantly. Temporal dispersion, however, did not change. Lignocaine prolonged ERP even further (250 +/- 25 vs 273 +/- 16 ms BCL = 500 ms, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of bretylium tosylate on inhomogeneity of refractoriness and ventricular fibrillation threshold in canine hearts with quinidine-induced long QT interval.

We studied effects of bretylium tosylate (6 mg X kg-1, injected intravenously over 60s) on ventricular refractoriness and its inhomogeneity, and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) in canine hearts with quinidine-induced long QT interval. In 3 anaesthetised open chest dogs, 30 mg X kg-1 of quinidine sulphate was injected intravenously over 5 min to produce QT prolongation. Effective refractory period (ERP) was determined at 8 test points of the right ventricle using extrastimuli. Temporal dispersion as an expression of inhomogeneity of ventricular refractoriness was estimated as the difference between the longest and the shortest ERP. VFT was determined using a train of pulses, 4 ms in duration and at 10 ms intervals. Effects of bretylium were determined from 30 to 60 min after injection. Quinidine-induced long QT interval did not change after bretylium (358 +/- 37 vs 348 +/- 26 ms) when transiently elevated blood pressure returned to the pre-bretylium level. Bretylium shortened ERP slightly (278 +/- 16 vs 268 +/- 14 ms, p less than 0.02) but did not shorten ERP after premature depolarisation (209 +/- 14 vs 209 +/- 15). However, temporal dispersion was significantly decreased by bretylium. VFT, which was lowered by quinidine (14.5 +/- 5.0 vs 8.5 +/- 2.9 mA, p less than 0.01), was elevated significantly by bretylium (21.9 +/- 6.9, p less than 0.001). These effects of bretylium might be attributed to the combination of its direct electrophysiology and indirect adrenergic actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A case of cerebral cryptococcosis, with special reference to computerized tomography findings].

A case of cryptococcosis simulating brain tumor was reviewed. A 66-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with chief complaint of vertigo, gait disturbance and dysarthria. These symptoms started about one year before admission and worsened. Vomiting and urinary incontinence appeared. Neurological examination revealed left cerebellar ataxia and dysarthria. In plain CT (computerized tomography) irregular ill-defined low density area was noted in the cerebellar vermis and bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. And slight ventricular dilatation was found. Irregular shape of ring-like enhancement corresponding to capsule and patchy or mottled enhancement inside the tumor were seen. Suboccipital craniectomy was performed and yellowish necrotic tumor with hard capsule was removed. Histological diagnosis was not neoplasm or tuberculoma. Postoperatively liver function progressively worsened. She died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. Autopsy revealed typical liver cirrhosis without malignant change. 3.0 X 2.5 cm sized, slightly hard, yellowish lesion was found on upper part of cerebellar hemispheres. This had extremely necrotic tissue and a great number of cryptococcus neoformans were found. And other intracranial lesion was not confirmed. Finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis was not gained. Our case is very rare because of solitary cerebellar abscess and absence of meningitic episode or pulmonary cryptococcosis. There are three types of inflammation in cerebral cryptococcosis. The commonest manifestation is the meningitic type, the second mode is granulomatous lesion and the third and the least presentation is intracranial abscess formation. CT reveals various findings according to clinical stage. CT findings are those of meningitis, meningoencephalitis, granuloma and abscess. Cryptococcal granuloma or abscess often simulates brain abscess, glioma and metastatic brain tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Prophylactic administration of an antibiotic in neurosurgical operations--penetration of cefotiam into the cerebrospinal fluid].

Various antibiotics are widely used for the purpose of protection against postoperative infections. Neurosurgeon must select the effective antibiotics to bacterium, that which penetrated enough to the intracranial organ through the blood-brain barrier. Eighteen cases with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt received intravenous drip infusion of cefotiam (CTM) and the concentration of CTM in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured. The conclusion drawn from this study on penetration of CTM is summarized as follows: The concentration of CTM in CSF and its ratio to that of serum (CSF/serum %) showed the values of 0.543 microgram/ml (3.66%) in the group of 1 g CTM injection and 0.900 microgram/ml (4.02%) in the group of 2 g CTM injection, 2 hours after an intravenous administration. The concentration of CTM in CSF were gradually decreased in comparison with antibiotic levels in the blood. The most cases of 1 g or 2 g intravenous administration were able to get the sufficient concentration in the CSF, which exceeds MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) against Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli. As a result of penetration of CTM into cerebrospinal fluid, we recommend the intermittent intravenous injection of 2 g CTM for prophylaxis of postoperative infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of the fourth heart sound in patients with angina pectoris].

To determine the physiological significance of the fourth heart sound at rest in patients with angina pectoris without previous myocardial infarction, the tension time index (TTI) and the ratio of the diastolic pressure time index (DPTI) to (DPTI/TTI) were calculated from the recordings of the left ventricular and aortic pressure curves. Thirty patients were subjected to the study and they were classified into two groups: Group A consisted of 15 patients with the fourth heart sound and Group B of 15 patients without it. Nine cases of atypical chest pain without the fourth heart sound served as control group. TTI was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (p less than 0.01) and control group (p less than 0.01) (2,552 +/- 489 mmHg X sec/min in Group A, 2,024 +/- 425 mmHg X sec/min in Group B, and 2,023 +/- 209 mmHg X sec/min in control group). DPTI/TTI was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (p less than 0.01) and control group p less than 0.001) (1.16 +/- 0.19 in Group A, 1.55 +/- 0.39 in Group B, and 1.45 +/- 0.15 in control group). Left ventricular systolic pressure tended to be higher in Group A than in Group B and control group. There was no significant difference in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac index among three groups and there was no difference in the prevalence of left ventricular asynergy on left ventriculography between Group A and Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[2 Cases of cystic meningioma].

Although meningiomas are usually a solid and firm tumor, some are associated with diagnostically confusing large cysts. The authors experienced two cases of meningioma associated with large cyst (cystic meningioma). The first case was a 20-year-old female. She was admitted because of blurred vision. On admission she was slightly apathetic and showed bilateral papilledema. Computed tomography showed a large area of low density in both frontal regions. CT scan after intravenous contrast enhancement revealed an enhancing mural nodule attached to the falx. At operation, dark-green fluid in an amount of 160 ml from the left cyst and 50 ml from the right cyst was aspirated. The nodular tumor was found attached to the falx. The pathological examination revealed meningotheliomatous meningioma. Neoplastic meningothelial cells were found also in the cyst wall. The second case was a 21-year-old female. She was admitted because of weakness of the left lower extremity. Neurological examination revealed left hemiparesis. Deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive on the left side and there were positive left Babinski and Chaddock reflex. The computed tomography with contrast enhancement showed a large area of low density in the right parietal region with markedly enhancing mural nodule. At operation, 70 ml of xanthochromic fluid was aspirated. The tumor was well-defined, hard and attached to the dura. Histologically the tumor was a typical meningotheliomatous meningioma. The diagnostic value of computed tomography, the pathogenesis of cyst formation and the surgical treatment were discussed. The authors emphasized the important role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of cystic meningioma. Theories were reviewed for the pathogenesis of cyst formation. At operation, not only the mural nodule but also the cyst wall should be removed, because the neoplastic cells are presented in the cyst wall.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of ACNU in cerebrospinal fluid].

Various nitrosoureas are widely used effectively for chemotherapy of brain tumors, clinically and experimentally. Fourteen cases of malignant brain tumor received intravenous injection of 100-150 mg/body of ACNU, and the concentration of ACNU in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured. The conclusion drawn from this study on penetration of ACNU is summarized as follows: 1. ACNU concentration in CSF and its ratio to that of serum (CSF/serum %) showed the various values of 0-0.076 micrograms/ml (0-63%), 30 min. after administration; 2. Concentration of ACNU in spinal CSF differed from that in ventricular CSF and CSF/serum ratio was 19.9% in spinal CSF and 42% in ventricular CSF, respectively; 3. Statistically no correlation between ACNU CSF/serum ratio and the postoperative time was found. Transition of ACNU into cerebrospinal fluid during radiation therapy was noted with high value of CSF/serum ratio.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[A study on penetration of antibiotics into the cerebrospinal fluid after the ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (author's transl)].

Neurological surgeon must select the effective antibiotics to bacterium, that which penetrated enough to the intracranial organ through the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we measured the concentration of cefotiam (CTM), cephalothin (CET), cephacetrile (CEC) and sulbenicillin (SBPC) into the cerebrospinal fluid in the non inflammatory cases with V-P shunt. 1. Antibiotic concentrations in CSF and CSF/serum ratio (%) were evaluated at 2 hours after an intravenous administration of antibiotics. CTM; 0.543 microgram/ml (3.66%), CET; 1.84 micrograms/ml (7.45%), CEC; 1.77 micrograms/ml (7.5%), SBPC, 6.15 micrograms/ml (5.58%). 2. The peak of antibiotic concentration in CSF appeared from 2 hours after administration and gradually decreased. In cellular tumor cases, the penetration of antibiotics into CSF showed similar levels as the cerebrovascular disease cases. 3. Concentration of CTM in CSF was higher than MIC of CTM to S. pyogenes and E. coli.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Immunological examination in patients with brain tumor and the usefulness of PHA skin test (author's transl)].

The usefulness of in vivo skin test reaction to phytohemagglutinin to assess cell-mediated immunity was investigated in 109 subjects, including 37 normal controls, 35 patients without brain tumor and 37 patients with brain tumor. Intradermal injection at forearm of 10 microgram of Bacto-phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) produced an erythema within 24 hours. Upon PHA skin reaction the mean diameter of erythema was 25.3 mm with the normal in the control and 18.6 mm with other diseases than brain tumor, while it was 13.0 mm with brain tumor. Furthermore when mean diameter of those with longer than 15.0 mm are classified as positive in the PHA skin test, the normal in the control revealed 89.2% positive and the patients with brain tumor indicated only 37.8% positive. A positive reaction was observed in 10 (77.0%) of 13 benign brain tumor and 5 (26.3%) of 19 malignant brain tumor. A correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro responses to PHA, and between PHA and PPD skin reaction. In repeated PHA skin test at intervals of about one month, the skin reaction to PHA of patients with brain tumor varied depending on the clinical states. Other advantages of this test are no presensitization and it can be used repeatedly. The PHA skin test is a useful and simple screening test for cellular immune function of patients with brain tumor and as a simple method applicable clinically indicating accurate immuno-reactivity the PHA skin tests have been carried out during the course of treatment with an interval of about one month repeatedly.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

[A case of enchondroma of the skull base--a manifestation of generalized chondromatosis (author's transl)].

Cartilaginous tumors arising from the skull or intracranial structures are infrequently seen. There have been 112 such cases reported. They are most commonly found in the middle fossa and the parasellar region. They arise from cartilaginous rests in the base of the skull, particularly around the basal synchondroses. Occasional cases of intracranial growths also show lesions in peripheral bones. The authors have encountered a case in which chondroma was a manifestation of generalized chondromatosis. The patient was a 25-year-old male, who complained of diplopia in May 1975. He noted ptosis in his left eyelid which gradually progressed over a 2 months period to complete ptosis. When he was admitted in July 1975 to Nagoya National Hospital, the neurologic signs revealed a palsy of the IIIrd cranial nerve on the left side. The patient has been suffering from generalized enchondromatosis during a period of 20 years. Roentgenograms revealed extensive areas of bone destruction and pathological calcification of the phalanx, ribs, hip bone, femur, tibia, ulna and radius. Roentgenograms of the skull revealed calcification on the left middle fossa. After a left carotid angiography, an osteoplastic craniotomy was performed on August 5, 1975. The tumor was located in the extradural space of the middle cranial fossa. After incision of the capsule, gelatinous semisolid tissue was removed piecemeal. Its total removal proved to be impossible. Histological examination of this tumor revealed enchondroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Intracranial chondroma.

Two cases of intracranial chondroma are reported. In both cases, the tumor was located extradurally in the middle cranial fossa. The tumors were removed piecemeal, but total removal proved to be impossible.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A clinicopathological study of the cranial "histiocytosis X" (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

A clinicopathological study of 13 cases of cranial histiocytosis X was discussed. The patients were mostly infants, and those under 15 years of age numbered eight. Hematological, blood chemistrical, and other laboratorical prodedures have produced no direct diagnostic value. Radiographically, this lesion in skull appeared to be a lytic defect in all cases. Histologically, they were unified by a localized or generalized histiocytic proliferation. Eosinophilic cells were also found throughout the lesional tissue. There were some slight histological variations from case to case, for instance, in the degree of infiltration by eosinophilic cells, and the number of the histiocytic cells. However, the basic histological pattern remained the same in all cases. The lesion may already have extended into the neighboring osseous tissues. Sections of the neighboring osseous tissues showed the intertrabecular spaces to be infiltrated by the same type of lesion. The patient related trauma to the onset of symptoms in 6 cases, but it is true that we know nothing of the etiology of this lesion. The treatment of choice is the adequate surgical extirpation. It seems fair to conclude that wide surgical excision with postoperative irradiation or with chemotherapy may be expected to affect a clinical cure.

Adult↗