Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with finasteride.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors↗
Biomedical subjects
I Thompson
Publications and source records attributed to I Thompson.
Safety of a freestanding surgical unit for the assisted reproductive technologies.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety of a freestanding surgical unit for assisted reproductive technology (ART), using the rate of unplanned admissions to a hospital within 24 hours of surgery. DESIGN: Prospective. SETTING: A freestanding surgical unit within a medical office building. PATIENTS: A mixture of private and university-referred patients undergoing 6,776 ART surgical procedures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients admitted during the first 24 hours of surgery were recorded and hospital progress was monitored for invasive procedures, treatments, time of discharge, and residual complications. Variables tabulated included age, fertility diagnosis, ART procedure, E2 level, number of follicles by ultrasound, previous surgery, and type of anesthesia. RESULTS: There were 11 hospital admissions (0.16%). Four patients required surgery: one laparoscopy and three laparotomies. Admissions after vaginal oocyte retrieval were no different from those after GIFT via laparoscopy, 0.16% versus 0.18%, respectively. The number of admissions after monitored anesthesia care was higher than expected compared with general anesthesia. Profiles of hospitalized patients showed no apparent differences from the nonhospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical procedures for ART performed in a freestanding surgical unit can be performed safely with a low hospitalization rate and minimal morbidity.
Female↗
Visual development. From darkness into light.
The spatio-temporal pattern of spontaneous electrical activity in retinal neurons before the onset of visual responsiveness may provide information used in the development of orderly connections in the visual system.
Action Potentials↗
Association between Meckel's diverticulum and Crohn's disease: a retrospective review.
The operation notes and pathology records of 294 consecutive patients who had right hemicolectomy for Crohn's disease were reviewed. A Meckel's diverticulum was found in 17 (5.8%) of these patients, 2-3 times the expected rate in the general population. At least 50% of diverticula in the normal population contain heterotopic mucosa, but none was found in those diverticula that were examined from this group. The increased prevalence of Meckel's diverticulum in patients with Crohn's disease confirms previous anecdotal reports, but the cause for the increased frequency remains unexplained. The significance of this finding is discussed.
Adolescent↗
5-Alpha-reductase inhibition and prostate cancer prevention.
Studies of prostate biology support the concept that dihydrotestosterone is the principal androgen responsible for normal and hyperplastic growth of the prostate gland. Cancer is a process of malignant transformation evolving over time, involving cellular growth and division. Therefore, an altered endocrine state, such as suppression of dihydrotestosterone activity, may have an impact on prostate cells inhibiting carcinogenic transformation. In vitro and in vivo preclinical observations support this hypothesis. A placebo-controlled randomized trial using finasteride, an inhibitor of the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, is planned. The endpoint of this trial will be reduction of prostate cancer incidence.
3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
Treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with intravesical interleukin-2: a pilot study.
Human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) administered systemically can mediate the regression of solid tumors in some patients. IL-2 has been detected in the bladder effluent from patients treated with intravesical BCG for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC), suggesting that IL-2 may be an effector molecule in the mechanism of action of BCG. The purpose of the pilot study was to determine the response rate, duration of response and toxicity of rIL-2 (Cetus) administered intravesically to previously untreated patients and patients who had failed prior intravesical therapy with other agents. Fourteen patients with biopsy proven transitional cell carcinoma (13 Stage TIS/Ta/T1, 1 Stage T2) were treated with 8 weekly instillations of 12 x 10(6) IU of rIL-2. An index lesion was followed with cystoscopy, biopsy and cytology at three months, with identical follow up every three months thereafter if a response was noted in the index lesion at the first evaluation. There were 3 complete responses (duration of response measured from start of treatment to date of progression) of 9+, 3, 9 months; one patient with TIS, and 2 patients with Ta disease. There were 11 non-responders for an overall response rate of 21%. One patient with extensive CIS had a dramatic partial response and was converted to a complete response with a second 8-week course of rIL-2. All of the complete responders had failed prior intravesical therapy with standard agents. Toxicity from rIL-2 given intravesically was minimal. One patient reported malaise for 24 hours after each treatment and two patients developed asymptomatic lower UTIs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Administration, Intravesical↗
Emergency treatment in Australia.
This short communication describes the key points of the emergency medical treatment situation for dentists in Australia. Dental school training and postgraduate educational opportunities in emergency medicine, emergency equipment and drugs found in a typical dental office, and use of the EMS by dentists are covered.
Australia↗
Mechanical behaviour of zirconia and zirconia-toughened alumina in a simulated body environment.
The mechanical properties of a zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) and three tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramics (TZPs), together with a biograde alumina, have been assessed in a simulated body solution (Ringer's solution). The hardness and fracture toughness of these materials were unchanged from the values in air when the tests were carried out in Ringer's solution; there was an instantaneous fall in strength in Ringer's solution but this was considered acceptable. However, ageing for long periods in Ringer's solution promoted a surface layer of monoclinic zirconia. This was accompanied by a strength decrement and it is concluded that these yttria-stabilized ZTA and TZP materials are unsuitable as implant materials.
Aluminum Oxide↗
Effects of intraocular tetrodotoxin on the development of the retinocollicular pathway in the Syrian hamster.
The developing uncrossed retinocollicular projection in the Syrian hamster undergoes a characteristic set of changes during the first 2 postnatal weeks. The retinal fibres, which initially project across the whole superior colliculus, withdraw from the caudal part and their terminals become clustered into deep, discrete clumps rostrally. Coincident with these afferent changes, there is substantial retinal ganglion cell death. To examine whether neuronal activity plays a role in these changes, we made daily injections of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) into one or both eyes from postnatal day 2 or 4 up to day 12. Following TTX treatment, the uncrossed terminals retracted on schedule from the caudal and superficial parts of the superior colliculus and came to lie, as normal, in the deep layers rostrally. Within the rostral superior colliculus, however, the uncrossed terminals from TTX-injected eyes lost their characteristic patchy distribution and were arranged diffusely. When only one eye received TTX injections, this inhibiting effect on terminal segregation was seen only in the projections from the TTX-treated eye. The effect of TTX treatment on terminal segregation was much less severe than that of unilateral enucleation, after which uncrossed terminals persis throughout the entire superior colliculus. TTX injections appeared to have little effect on overall ganglion cell death since the total number of ganglion cells in the crossed projection from TTX-treated eyes was similar to that in normal eyes. However, the relative distribution of uncrossed cells in temporal and nasal retina was altered. In eyes that received TTX injections, the proportion of uncrossed cells in nasal retina was about 1.6 times that in normal animals and was close to the proportion seen in unilaterally enucleated animals. This increase in the treated eye occurred whether one or both eyes were injected with TTX. We conclude that neuronal activity plays a role in the segregation of uncrossed terminals into discrete clumps in rostral colliculus and in the preferential elimination of uncrossed cells from the nasal retina. The inactive uncrossed projections from TTX-treated eyes showed the greatest degree of disruption. The extent of the disruption was similar whether the crossed input from the other eye was active or inactive. This suggests that the activity-drive interactions between ganglion cells within one eye are more significant than those between the two eyes in shaping the final form of the uncrossed retinocollicular projection.
Animals↗
Use of naloxone in septic shock.
Experimental and clinical evidence show that endogenous opiates (endorphins) contribute to the pathophysiology of circulatory shock. The authors evaluated the effectiveness and safety of continuous infusion of naloxone in five septic patients with prolonged hypotension unresponsive to volume replacement and dopamine infusion. Naloxone (2 mg bolus) was intravenously administered and continued at 0.25 mg/hr for 24 to 48 hours. All five patients had significant increase in mean arterial pressure of between 20 and 30 mmHg (P less than 0.0012). Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, and pulmonary arterial pressure were not significantly altered; however, there was a significant difference in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (P less than 0.034) and urinary output (P less than 0.0273). Subjects did not experience side effects with naloxone. We conclude that continuous infusion of naloxone can reverse endorphin-mediated hypotension in septic shock patients.
Aged↗
Synchronous small cell and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: case report and review of embryogenesis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
Use of traction for removing transvenous pacing electrodes in the presence of infection.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
The relationship of tubal infertility to barrier method and oral contraceptive use.
We studied past contraceptive use in 283 nulliparous infertile women who had a diagnosis of tubal adhesions or occlusion and in 3833 women admitted for delivery at seven collaborating hospitals from 1981 to 1983. The relative risk of tubal infertility associated with barrier contraceptive use or oral contraceptive use was calculated using multivariate logistic regression to control for confounding by region, age, religion, education, smoking, number of sexual partners, time since menarche, and use of other contraceptive methods. Women who had ever used barrier methods of contraception were at a significantly decreased risk of tubal infertility (relative risk = 0.6; 95% confidence limits, 0.5 and 0.8). When type of barrier method used for the longest time was evaluated, those who used the diaphragm or condoms plus spermicides were at lower risk than those who used condoms or spermicides alone. Overall, past use of oral contraceptives neither increased nor decreased a woman's risk of tubal infertility, but there was evidence that the association between oral contraceptives and tubal infertility may vary by the amount of estrogen and type of progestogen in the oral contraceptive used. We conclude that contraceptive users who use barrier methods that combine both a mechanical and chemical barrier, such as diaphragms, cervical caps, and condoms plus spermicides, have the clearest protection against tubal damage.
Adult↗
Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukaemias with large spleens.
The clinical, haematological, morphological and histological features of a series of 22 patients presenting with splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes were assessed and compared with those of patients with other forms of chronic B cell leukaemia in an attempt to differentiate this condition from hairy cell leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, with which this condition has many features in common. The disease was twice as common in men than in women, with a mean (SD) age at diagnosis of 72 (9) years, and the most consistent presenting feature was massive enlargement of the spleen, which showed white and red pulp disease with a plasmacytic component. Small monoclonal bands were found in 60% of cases.
B-Lymphocytes↗
[Comparative study of neurolinguistic variables in Alzheimer patients, traumatic aphasias and Korsakoff psychoses and normal control probands].
There are few studies of the breakdown of language in specific dementias and there is some dispute that language pathology in brain failure is comparable to that of focal lesions. It is recognized that while aphasic language is a disturbance of receptive and propositional speech, disturbances of "InnerLanguage" disrupt the planning and regulatory basis of behavior. This paper presents a comparison of three pathological groups to match normal controls and suggest that in its initial stages reduced cognitive performances in Alzheimers type Dementia and Korsakow Psychosis on non verbal measures maybe a further of the regulatory role of inner speech comparison with traumatic Aphasia which more clearly exists on a deficit of verbal comprehension and expression.
Alcohol Amnestic Disorder↗
Expression of surface antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibody lan 3-2 during embryonic development in the leech.
The monoclonal antibody lan 3-2 was used as a marker for the developmental expression of surface antigens which are specific for the two pairs of nociceptive neurons and a subset of axons in the adult CNS of the leech. In Haemopis embryos labeling of both nerve fibers and cell bodies with the antibody appears as expected for a metameric animal in a rostrocaudal temporal gradient from about day 5-6. Surprisingly, all central cell bodies are stained by the antibody in early development. However, later in embryogenesis around day 17 the staining intensity of most cells decreases except for the nociceptive cells, which remain antibody-positive, and the adult staining pattern gradually emerges. In addition to describing the central staining pattern, we show that specific peripheral neurons associated with the segmental sensilla also are antibody-positive during development. The distribution and developmental expression of the lan 3-2-positive antigens are compared between two phylogenetically different species of leeches and the diversity of the staining pattern of the monoclonal antibody is discussed.
Animals↗
Medical ethics and medical education.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Codes of Ethics↗
Surface molecules identify groups of growing axons.
Studies on vertebrate and invertebrate species have established that, during development, axons have the ability to choose particular paths over others. The chemical basis of this pathfinding is not clear but biochemical differences between neurons have long been postulated to account for the specificity of neuronal connections. Such subtle molecular differences between different cells in a single tissue are difficult to study with standard biochemical techniques but hybridoma technology has offered a potential solution to this type of problem. This technique has made possible the production of monoclonal antibodies for identifying and characterizing a family of glycoproteins which are expressed on the surface of specific axon bundles during the development of the leech nervous system. The results show that groups of growing axons do indeed carry chemically distinct surface molecules.
Animals↗