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Biomedical subjects

I Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to I Tanaka.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Diagnostic and clinical importance of interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain expression on non-T-cell acute leukaemia cells.

The expression of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) was examined in 328 adult patients with non-T-cell (non-T) acute leukaemia and blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML.BC) using two monoclonal antibodies, anti-Tac for IL-2R alpha chain (IL-2R alpha) and Mik beta 1 for IL-2R beta chain (IL-2R beta). Leukaemic cells in the following cases were positive for anti-Tac; 28/192 of acute myelocytic leukaemia (AML), 24/44 CML-BC, 4/28 CD19(+)CD10(-) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), and 20/64 common ALL (c-ALL). IL-2R beta was not detected on leukaemic cells of any case examined. Eleven of IL-2R alpha(+) AML were derived from myelodysplastic syndrome. None of the IL-2R alpha positive leukaemic cells responded to exogenous recombinant human IL-2 (rhIL-2) in culture. In addition, IL-2R alpha expression on non-T leukaemic cells was closely correlated with coexpressing different lineage markers and the presence of the Philadelphia abnormality. Marked increase of serum soluble IL-2R alpha was demonstrated in the IL-2R alpha(+) patients examined. Clinically, the IL-2R alpha(+) patients showed significantly lower response to chemotherapy and poorer prognosis than IL-2R alpha(-) patients. Our results clearly indicate the diagnostic importance of IL-2R alpha expression in non-T acute leukaemia with a close relation to the particular cellular characteristics and the prognosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Determinant factor for clearance of ceramic fibres from rat lungs.

Deposition, clearance, retention, and durability of inhaled particles from lungs are known to be important factors for induction of pulmonary fibrosis or lung cancer. To study the deposition and clearance of alumina silicate ceramic fibres from the lung, male Wistar rats were exposed to ceramic fibre particles with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 4.2 micron, for six hours a day, five days a week for two weeks. The average exposure concentration was 20.7 (standard deviation (SD) 4.5) mg/m3. The rats were killed at one day, three months, and six months after the end of exposure, and the fibre numbers and dimensions were measured with a scanning electron microscope. No significant differences in number and geometric mean length of residual ceramic fibres in the lungs were found between the groups. The geometric mean diameter, however, decreased according to the duration of the clearance period. These findings suggest that solubility of fibre contributes most in the clearance of the inhaled ceramic fibres from the lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Guinea pig model of immunologic asthma induced by inhalation of trimellitic anhydride.

We established a model of asthma induced by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) in guinea pigs and assessed the role of sensitization in the development of their bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and relationship between bronchial responsiveness and bronchial inflammation. Fourteen guinea pigs (sensitized group) were administered 1 mg/0.5 ml of trimellity 36-bovine serum albumin intramuscularly and 0.5 ml of complete Freund adjuvant on Day 1 as the priming dose. Booster doses were repeated on Day 15. By Day 28, all of the sensitized animals showed a high passive hemagglutination titer against trimellityl 14-ovalbumin. On Day 29, they were challenged by an inhalation of TMA (150 mg/m3) for 30 min, and respiratory resistance (Rrs) was monitored by the oscillation method. In all sensitized animals, Rrs increased immediately upon challenge and returned to baseline within 6 h. The bronchial reactivity to acetylcholine (Ach), measured 6 h after TMA challenge in the sensitized animals, increased significantly (p < 0.01) compared with that measured 24 h before challenge; that measured 24 h later was not different from that before challenge. There was also a significant difference (p < 0.01) in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria and the epithelium 6 and 24 h after the challenge inhalation in the sensitized group. The increased airway responsiveness to Ach in the sensitized animals was correlated with an increase in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria and the epithelium. These observations suggest that humoral antibody and eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of TMA-induced asthma.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1992

Cytotoxicity of nickel oxide particles in rat alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro.

The cytotoxicity of two types of nickel oxide particles was investigated in rat alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro. The trypan blue dye exclusion test and the release of lactate dehydrogenase into culture medium were used as cytotoxic indices. Although both types of nickel oxide particles were produced by the same manufacturer and were commercially sold under the same name of "nickel oxide", one type of the nickel oxide particles which had black color was much more cytotoxic than the other type of green color. The black nickel oxide particles were more soluble in various kinds of solutions than the green nickel oxide particles. Therefore, it appears that the difference in the cytotoxicity of the black and green nickel oxide particles may be attributable to the difference in the solubility of the particles.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-linked immunoglobulin in a patient with Graves' disease treated with methimazole.

A 26-year-old woman who received methimazole treatment for Graves' disease is discussed. Two months following treatment, her serum GOT level rose to 45 K.U, her GPT to 60 K.U, and her lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to 645 W.U; a hepatic disorder was then suspected. Later, the serum GOT and GPT concentrations decreased to a normal range, but her serum LDH continued to maintain a high level. An LDH isoenzyme analysis showed an abnormally broad LDH. The IgG that was linked to the LDH is suspected to have been the result of her underlying autoimmunity, the methimazole treatment, and the development of her hepatic disorder. Thus, this IgG was thought to be the autoantibody to LDH.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A new procedure of the tensile fatigue test for dental materials.

A new tensile fatigue test using a stainless steel screw was introduced. A transparent PMMA rod was selected as the test material. A hole was drilled and tapped into the rod; a screw was put into the rod with dental cement or without cementation. Three types of cyclic loads were applied to the test piece; the number of times the load was applied when the initial crack was observed and when the final fracture occurred were recorded. Surface observation showed that actual fatigue fractures occurred in the test piece. The preferred applied load waveform was the cyclic haver-triangles load because of the small coefficient of variance. Fatigue strengths of test pieces with and without cementation were different. Cementation improved the fatigue properties, and the type of cement had an effect on the fatigue properties. Although the number of final fractures minus the number of initial cracks was the constant regardless of the type of cement used.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

[Cellular schwannoma of the lung].

A case of cellular schwannoma of the lung in 31 years-old Japanese male is presented in this paper. Cellular schwannoma differs from classic schwannoma in several histologic features. In addition, it has often been misdiagnosed as malignancy, though White's follow-up study confirmed its benign nature. It usually originates from the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum. No case originating from the lung has been reported in the world literature. Cellular schwannoma has to be added to differential diagnosis of the lung tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical use of synthetic absorbable cuff material for peripheral vascular anastomosis.

End to end arteriovenous (AV) fistulas were created using the cuff technique for hemodialysis in 12 patients with end stage renal disease. The cuff used was made of a synthetic biodegradable material, a lactic glycolic acid co-polymer with the same composition as absorbable surgical suture. Cephalic vein radial artery fistulas in the forearm were created electively in six patients to convert a Scribner shunt to a fistula in three patients and because of malfunction of a fistula created previously in three patients. Eleven patients underwent hemodialysis, with pump speeds of more than 200 milliliters per minute, and were evaluated for 129 to 477 days. These subcutaneous AV fistulas were maintained as patent functional veins and continued to function without complication. After five weeks, one patient had conversion to a prosthetic AV fistula because of poor venous maturation. The overall patency rate was 92 percent. The diameter of the AV anastomosis increased gradually with time. At 20 weeks, however, it reached more than 70 percent of the diameter of the radial artery lumen. These observations led us to believe that the cuff material used is biodegraded until 20 weeks and gives sufficient flexibility. In the future, the cuff method is expected to be clinically developed as another approach for vascular anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rearrangement patterns of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and light chain genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelocytic leukemia lymphoid crisis cells showing oligoclonal IgH gene rearrangements.

We investigated leukemic cells with multiple immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements from nine B-precursor cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and three chronic myelocytic leukemia lymphoid crisis (CML.Ly-BC) patients in order to determine detailed recombination patterns of the variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) region genes. Southern blot study, using DNA probes for DQ52 and 5'D region genes, was useful to distinguish VDJ recombination from DJ recombination at the level of each allele. Leukemic cells from seven out of eight CD10-positive ALL patients showed biallelic VDJ recombinations. Rearrangements of Ig kappa genes were found in only one case. Leukemic cells from all of the CML.Ly-BC patients had a DJ/(V)DJ IgH genotype. These findings suggest that the multiple IgH gene rearrangements in B-precursor cell ALL occurred as a consequence of continuing V-(V)DJ rearrangements after neoplastic transformation, and were closely related to the stage of bone marrow B-precursor cell differentiation. Multiple IgH gene rearrangements in CML.Ly-BC might take place earlier in the process of IgH gene rearrangements than is the case in B-precursor cell ALL. In this sense, the genotypic oligoclonality observed in ALL and CML.Ly-BC should be regarded not as 'true', but as 'pseudo' oligoclonal leukemia.

Blast Crisis↗
PubMed1992

[Preoperative diagnosis of a thoracic duct cyst arising in the supraclavicular fossa--surgical case report].

The incidence of cysts of the thoracic duct is very low, and they are reported to account for only 0.0005-0.5% of all mediastinal tumors. As far as we have been able to determine, there have been no more than 24 case reports of the surgical resection of such cysts, including our own. Moreover, lesions of the left supraclavicular fossa as in the present case were noted in only 2 reports from Western countries, and 2 cases can be found in the Japanese literature. We encountered a case of thoracic duct cyst where we were able to make a diagnosis preoperatively by means of needle aspiration, and report it here together with a discussion of the relevant literature. The patient was a 64-year-old woman who was admitted with the chief complaint of pain in the throat and a sense of pressure in the neck. A swelling was noted in the patient's left supraclavicular fossa, and when this was aspirated it yielded approximately 15 cc of yellowish-white, chylous fluid. No hoarseness or dysphagia were noted. CT scan of the thorax revealed a smooth-surfaced tumor extending from the left supraclavicular fossa to the anterior mediastinum. It showed the simple cystic lesion. On the basis of these findings, a diagnosis of thoracic duct cyst arising in the left supraclavicular space was made. Following excision, the patient's postoperative course was favorable.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1992

Blockade of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel by 5-hydroxydecanoate in guinea pig ventricular myocytes.

Effects of a novel antiarrhythmic agent, 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), were investigated on the electrical activity of the guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The shortening of action potential duration induced by applying iodoacetate (IAA) for 5 to 10 min was reversed completely by 5-HD (100 microM) in the papillary muscle. The single channel current recording in the cell-attached configuration revealed both activation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel during the treatment with IAA and after depression of the channel by the additional application of 100 microM 5-HD. The quick rundown of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel activity interfered the analysis of the drug effect in the usual inside-out patch configuration. The channel activity in the isolated patch was partially recovered and stabilized by applying a tissue extract, which was prepared from guinea pig ventricle. Under this condition relationship between the 5-HD concentration and the K+ channel open probability was characterized with a K1/2 of 0.16 microM and a Hill coefficient of 0.88. The open- and close-time analysis revealed a decrease of the mean duration of the bursting channel opening and an increase of the interburst time under the effect of 5-HD. The inward-rectifier K+ channel, responsible for the resting K+ conductance, was not affected by 5-HD. It was concluded that the curative effect of 5-HD on the shortened action potential in the IAA-treated myocytes is mediated by the depression of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

Detection of the breakthrough of organic solvent vapors on an activated carbon adsorption column using a gas detecting reagent.

A new adsorption device which is able to detect the breakthrough of organic solvent vapors was developed using a detecting reagent which is packed in a gas detector tube. The organic vapor which leaks from an activated carbon adsorption column reacts with the detecting reagent. The breakthrough is detected by the stain of the reagent. When the humidity of test air was zero, the reagent was stained sharply before the breakthrough was observed. However, in the case of using humid air, the color of the detecting reagent did not clearly change, even after the breakthrough had progressed considerably.

Absorption↗
PubMed1991

Apolipoprotein A-I deficiency due to a codon 84 nonsense mutation of the apolipoprotein A-I gene.

The molecular genetic defect of a female patient with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) deficiency and premature atherosclerosis was examined. Her parents were first cousins. Her plasma density fraction from 1.063 to 1.21 g/ml contained no apoA-I on SDS/PAGE and no measurable high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Southern blot hybridization showed no gross abnormality to be present in the patient's apoA-I gene and homozygosity for a haplotype of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the apoA-I gene region. Sequencing after amplification by PCR revealed a codon 84 nonsense mutation (CAG----TAG, Gln----stop) of exon 4 and a codon 67 missense mutation (GCC----ACC, Ala----Thr) of exon 3 in the patient's apoA-I gene. The data from dot-blot hybridization with allele-specific oligonucleotide probes indicated that she was homozygous for the apoA-I gene with regard to the two mutations. The codon 37 missense mutation was also detected in the apoA-I gene of 6 out of 60 controls, who all had normal levels of apoA-I and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, suggesting that the missense mutation is polymorphic and not associated with apoA-I deficiency. These findings indicate that homozygosity for the apoA-I gene with codon 84 nonsense mutation causes the deficiency of apoA-I and of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Serum erythropoietic inhibitors in patients with pure red cell aplasia.

Inhibitory mechanisms of erythropoiesis in 20 patients with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) were investigated using the technique of in vitro hematopoiesis and an assay for human parvovirus. Complement-dependent serum inhibitors against late erythroid progenitors (CFU-E) were demonstrated in seven of 19 patients examined, and complement-dependent inhibitors against early erythroid progenitors (BFU-E) were demonstrated in three of these seven patients. Nonspecific and complement-independent inhibitors against CFU-E were thought to be associated with the etiology of PRCA in one patient. Human parvovirus-mediated erythropoietic suppression was demonstrated in a patient with complete remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with marrow erythroid aplasia, whose serum showed a perfect inhibition against erythroid progenitor cells. T-cell-mediated erythroid suppression was not demonstrated in the patients examined. These findings reveal that erythroid aplasia is associated with complement-dependent serum erythropoietic inhibitor in some patients (36.8% in the present study) with PRCA, but it is difficult to identify the mechanism of erythroid aplasia in more than half of the patients with PRCA. In addition, our present study discovered the presence of parvovirus-mediated marrow pure red cell aplasia in one adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Adult↗