Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

I Takamatsu

Publications and source records attributed to I Takamatsu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Factors for the onset of and the exacerbation of tuberculosis. 3. Clinical factors for the development and the exacerbation of active tuberculosis. a. Children, young adult].

We reviewed the reports about the development and the exacerbation of active tuberculosis and performed a retrospective analysis of 394 patients who were treated for active tuberculosis (TB) at our hospital from 1976 to 1997. The factors for the development and the exacerbation of active tuberculosis were the bacteriological status of the source, the age of the person infected, the degree of tuberculin sensitivity, BCG non-vaccination, non-chemoprophylaxis, the medical condition that increases the risk for tuberculosis, the presence of other infection, poor nutrition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Commemorative lecture of receiving Imamura Memorial Prize. Studies on prevention and treatment of childhood tuberculosis].

We performed a retrospective analysis of 394 patients who were treated for active tuberculosis (TB) at our hospital from 1976 to 1997. We had started early BCG vaccination campaign in Osaka Prefecture from 1995 and the coverage of BCG vaccination in infants rose up to about 90%. From that experience, we studied the current situations and measures on prevention and treatment of childhood tuberculosis. Pulmonary TB in children is successfully treated with 6-month standard short-course chemotherapy using isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide daily for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin daily for 4 months. Prognosis of childhood tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is poor, early diagnosis and prevention of TBM is important. In order to promote TB control and eliminate childhood TB, especially in infants, the following is necessary; 1) early detection and treatment of adult TB patients, source of infection, 2) prompt and appropriate contact examination and chemoprophylaxis, 3) BCG vaccination during early infancy, 4) protection from MDR-TB are most important.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Tuberculosis in children].

Newly registered active tuberculosis in children is under 300 persons a year in Japan, now. In order to lessen further and exterminate childhood tuberculosis in near future, physician have to make effort to find the infected children by good-timing thorough surveillance when he find an adult tuberculosis patient. Chemoprophylaxis could prevent the infected children from progressing to active disease. BCG vaccination in infantile period is still important in Japan, especially to protect young children from disseminated tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis in children is successfully treated with 6 months standard multi-drugs therapy.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[The effects of low-doses of fentanyl, buprenorphine and pentazocine on circulatory responses to endotracheal intubation].

This study evaluates the effects of low-doses i.v. fentanyl, buprenorphine and pentazocine on circulatory responses of endotracheal intubation in 70 scheduled surgical patients. Patients were allocated to 5 groups randomly and 2 (n = 11) or 4 (n = 13) micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl, 0.5 mg.kg-1 of pentazocine (n = 13), 5 micrograms.kg-1 of buprenorphine (n = 10) and saline as a control (n = 23) were administered 5 minutes before the administration of thiopental, respectively. Then, patients were intubated with 0.1 mg.kg-1 of vecuronium. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Only 4 micrograms.kg-1 of fentanyl diminished circulatory responses of systolic blood pressure on the stimuli of endotracheal intubation.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1996

CD4 T-lymphocyte activation is associated with peak expiratory flow variability in childhood asthma.

BACKGROUND: Asthma has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. We have investigated the relationships among the activation markers on lymphocytes, eosinophils, their serum products in the peripheral blood, and the variability of airway obstruction in childhood asthma. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with atopic asthma (mean age, 12 years) were treated regularly and asked to measure their peak expiratory flow (PEF) twice daily for 7 days, Peripheral venous blood was obtained on day 8. RESULTS: The absolute counts of CD4 T lymphocytes expressing the activation marker CD25 in the peripheral blood on day 8 correlated significantly with the values of the coefficient of variation (CV) of both morning PEF (p < 0.01) and night PEF (p < 0.05) obtained over 7 days, but those of CD8+/CD25+ T lymphocytes, those of CD23+ B lymphocytes, and the serum concentrations of soluble CD25 did not. The absolute counts of peripheral blood eosinophils also demonstrated a significant correlation with the CV values of both morning PEF (p < 0.01) and night PEF (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: CD4 T-lymphocyte activation and increased counts of eosinophils in peripheral blood correlate with CV of PEF in patients with asthma, suggesting that CV of PEF is a good marker for assessing not only the variability of airway obstruction but also the degree of airway inflammation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in children].

Eighteen infantile cases with bilateral vocal cord paralysis were treated at our hospital from 1970 to 1993. All cases were diagnosed using a flexible fiberscope to examine the larynx. Direct laryngoscopy was performed under general anesthesia for the definite diagnosis and differential diagnosis from laryngomalacia, subglottic stenosis, tracheal stenosis, or laryngeal web. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in children is a rare disease, there have been few and reported cases. Eight cases were male and 10 cases were female. Thirteen cases were congenital, 4 cases acquired and 1 case was unknown. The characteristic symptoms of bilateral vocal cord paralysis include normal or near normal phonation with inspiratory stridor which may progress to complete respiratory obstruction. Associated anomalies and diseases included 3 cases of immature infant, 2 of myelomeningocele, and single cases of Arnold-Chiari malformation, cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, laryngomalacia, William's syndrome, Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, hypoxia, esophageal hiatus hernia, gastroesophageal reflex, spina bifida, COFS syndrome, and cerebral atrophy. Laryngeal function was completely recovered in seven cases following growth of the children incompletely recovered in five cases, and 2 cases retained right vocal cord paralysis. Tracheostomy was performed in 2 cases. One case died from the original disease, and the other one case was unknown. Swallowing function, phonation and development were good. Our experience suggests that the airway with bilateral vocal cord paralysis in children can be managed well without the need for tracheostomy.

Female↗
PubMed1996

[Two pediatric cases of facial palsy caused by masked mastoiditis].

Two children with otogenic facial palsy are reported. The tympanic membranes of a 15-month-old boy and a girl of the same age were hyperemic, dull, and bulging, and the children suffered from masked mastoiditis. The facial palsy had not been improved by myringotomy, and parenteral administration of antibiotics and steroids. Finally, tympanomastoidectomy and facial nerve decompression was performed and a tympanostomy tube was inserted. Both patients completely recovered facial nerve function within two months after the operation. On the basis of the results of those operations tympanomastoidectomy and the facial nerve decompression may become necessary in such cases as those caused by masked mastoiditis.

Facial Nerve↗
PubMed1996

[Difference of lung deposition rate of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) among three kinds of electric nebulizer].

We examined the lung deposition rate of DSCG with three kinds of electric nebulizer (NE-U03, Pari-Master, Nisshou) on 5 pediatrician skilled with inhalation therapy (31-54 years of age). Excretion of DSCG for 4 hours after inhalation in urine were highest in NE-U03 group, second in Pari-Master group and least in Nisshou group. And then we studied bronchodilating effect of sulbutamol on 18 children (7-17 years of age) with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma with NE-U03 and Pari-Master. Asthmatic symptom score, SaO2 and pulmonary function were examined before and after inhalation. The delta %FVC, delta %FEV1.0, delta %PEF, delta %V50 and delta %V25 using NE-U03 were 10.3%, 19.1%, 25.5%, 32.5%, and 29.3% in NE-U03 group and 10.6%, 15.9%, 24.1%, 25.4% and 21.3% in Pari-Master group. The data of pulmonary obstraction in NE-03 group were better than that in Pari-Master group. From our data it is obvious that 3 kinds of electric nebulizers have different efficacy in regard to the lung deposition dose of inhaled drugs. When we compare the efficacy of drugs. When we compare the efficacy of drugs for nebulizer inhalation therapy, we should use the drug dose attained to lung and not nominal drug dose in principle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[A study on the reliability of evoked response audiometry in infants below one year of age; a long-term follow-up].

The reliability of brainstem evoked response audiometry (ERA) as an objective audiometric study was evaluated in long term follow-up infants with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. None of the infants had either brain damage (cerebral palsy, mental retardation) or other severe complications (genetic diseases). The thresholds of ERA at 1 kHz and 4 kHz were measured in 234 infants below one year of age, from 1983 to 1990, in our hospital. These infants were followed-up to the age when conditioned oriented response audiometry (COR) and play audiometry could be conducted. Pure tone thresholds obtained by COR and play audiometry were compared with those of ERA. In addition, speech problems in these patients were evaluated. In all of those infants, hearing aids were fitted before one year of age to achieve early habilitation. As a results, ERA was found to be a reliable and efficacious test for determining auditory thresholds, and providing hearing aids for early habilitation in one-year old infants with moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗
PubMed1995

[Effects of inhaled beclomethasone on height growth and bone metabolism in children with asthma].

To evaluate the influences of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 7.3-30.9 (15.5 +/- 6.5) micrograms/kg/day, on bone metabolism and height growth, we performed a longitudinal study for 6 months in 34 children with asthma aged between 3 and 15 years. Bone mineral density estimated by digital image processing method (DIP) and serum level of osteocalcin did not show any significant change, but height growth was slightly suppressed in the patients who inhaled more than 15 micrograms/kg/day of BDP. We concluded that the decision to prescribe inhaled BDP should be made on the balance of the clinical effects and the improvement of quality of life against the possibility of side effects.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[The current situations and measures in the future in childhood tuberculosis].

We performed a retrospective analysis of 358 patients who were treated for active TB in our hospital from 1976 to 1993. The rate of primary pulmonary tuberculosis was 49.0% and post primary pulmonary tuberculosis was 25.6%. But the rate of tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis was 7% respectively. Fatal cases of tuberculous meningitis had continued. Seventy-four percent out of 358 patients had a contact history with active tuberculosis. Main source of infection were their father, mother and grandparents. Thirty-two percent of patients had received BCG. Only 12.6% out of the patients under 5 years of age had received BCG. Only nine percent of 23 cases with tuberculous meningitis had received BCG. If the Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria of chemoprophylaxis was indicated rigidly, about 40% of patients who needed chemoprophylaxis in this study would have been overlooked. Indication of chemoprophylaxis should be decided in each patient flexibly. The study of the contact examination showed that two thirds toddler had tuberculosis within two months after detection of source of infection. Thirty percent of the patients in this study were preventable if contact examination and chemoprophylaxis were appropriately done. In the study of drug susceptibility of TB bacilli from 71 patients, 14 strains were resistant to at least one drug. The resistant rate to each drug was higher than adult resistant rate. In order to eliminate childhood TB, the following is necessary: 1) BCG vaccination in the early infancy. 2) prompt and appropriate contact examination and chemoprophylaxis, 3) infection control against drug resistant bacilli.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Assessment of effectiveness of BCG vaccination against childhood tuberculosis].

We performed a retrospective analysis of the history of BCG vaccination of 367 childhood patients who were treated for active tuberculosis (TB) in our hospital from 1976 to 1994. Fifty-eight percent of 367 cases, 83.1% of cases under 5 years of age and 92% of tuberculous meningitis had not received BCG. To investigate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against TB, we carried out case-control studies using 59 patients with TB and 118 controls without TB. The cases were patients treated for TB in our hospital from 1988 through Nov. 1994. Two controls were chosen for every case with matching for sex, age at admission, year of admission and place of residence. Based on whole 59 pairs, BCG vaccination was shown to have protective efficacy of 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57-89%). For 34 pairs of under 5 years of age, estimated efficacy was 92% (95%CI, 80-97%), for primary pulmonary disease (27 pairs) it was 92% (95%CI, 78-97%). For bacteriologically confirmed TB (27 pairs), it was 84% (95%CI, 58-94%), while for bacterilogically negative TB (32 pairs) 71% (95%CI, 27-89%). Our results indicate that BCG vaccination with multipuncture methold protected considerably against TB in infants including primary pulmonary TB.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Lymphocyte subpopulation in asthmatic children with chronic bronchial obstruction].

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood were examined in asthmatic children, using fluorescent monoclonal antibodies. The patients were divided into three groups: Group I, no attack (FEV1.0% > or = 80% group), Group II, no attack (FEV1.0% < 80% group) and Group III, asthmatic attack group. The percentage of CD3HLADR/CD3 in the Group II and Group III were 5.58 +/- 3.59 and 5.44 +/- 4.34, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the Group I subjects (2.70 +/- 2.17). This finding suggests that the patients with long lasting bronchial obstruction may have chronic inflammation in the airway even in the remission stage of asthmatic attacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Efficacy of long-term beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation therapy in pediatric patients with asthma, and its effect on height growth and adrenocortical functions].

Seventy-eight pediatric patients with moderate to severe chronic asthma, aged 6 to 16 years, who failed to respond well to inhaled DSCG and theophylline RTC, were treated with beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler (BDI) for 0.5 to 10 years (mean: 4.2 +/- 2.4 years). The efficacy rate gradually increased with time: 61.1% at one year after the start of the treatment and 89.5% at three years. Long-term BDI therapy over five years did not cause suppression of height growth or adrenocortical functions (early morning cortisol level and rapid ACTH test). However, the safety of long-term BDI therapy in children still needs to be studied more thoroughly and established. Further investigation will be necessary since some cases did not respond to BDI therapy while others died of exacerbated asthmatic symptoms soon after the start of BDI therapy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1991

[Studies of free theophylline in asthmatic patients].

Total and free theophylline concentrations were examined by fluorescent immunoassay using serum from 48 asthmatic patients treated with sustained-release theophylline formulation. Total and free theophylline concentrations showed a good correlation. The mean % free theophylline (free theophylline concentration X 100/total theophylline concentration) was 44.7% in children and 43.6% in adults. The % free theophylline had no relation to age of the patients or total theophylline concentration. However, the % free theophylline increased correlatively when serum pH or albumin was decreased. As changes in free theophylline concentration influence therapeutic responses and side effects, an assessment of serum pH and albumin in patients treated with theophylline is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Bronchoconstrictive effect of ultrasonic nebulized distilled water on asthmatic children.

We studied the airway responsiveness of asthmatic and normal children to ultrasonic nebulized distilled water (UNDW inhalation test). It was found that this stimulus induced a fall in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) in asthmatic children, but little fall in normal children. This airway response was shown to be reproducible at about 2-week intervals. The more severe the asthma, the higher the percentage of the responders to the UNDW inhalation test, and the greater the fall in FEV1. The results of the UNDW inhalation test did not correlate with that of acetylcholine inhalation test or of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction was inhibited by premedication with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (20 mg) or inhaled ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms). Jet-nebulized distilled water induced little fall in FEV1 in asthmatic children. These data suggest that UNDW-induced bronchoconstriction may involve the release of chemical mediators from the mast cells and cholinergic pathways. We conclude that UNDW inhalation test is a safe, less burdensome, and rather convenient method to evaluate clinically nonspecific airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic children.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Factors influencing the prognosis of wheezy infants.

Forty-eight wheezy infants were followed up for 25 to 44 months. These infants were classified into three groups: those with asthma (developed asthma later), the wheezy group (had successive wheezing episodes), and the non-wheezy group (grew out of the wheezy episodes). Serum IgE levels at the first visit were not significantly different in the three groups, but the frequency of exposure to cigarette smoke was higher in the asthma and wheezy groups than in the nonwheezy group.

Asthma↗