Newly developed economical and efficient push/pull hemodiafiltration.
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Acetates↗
Biomedical subjects
I Takai
Publications and source records attributed to I Takai.
[A case of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra].
A 49-year-old female visited our hospital because of bloody discharge from the urethra. On examination, an elastic-soft mass was palpable beneath the anterior vaginal wall. The vaginal mucosa was intact. Cystourethroscopy demonstrated neither tumor nor diverticular orifice. Pathological specimen obtained by needle biopsy revealed clear cell adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent anterior pelvic exenteration and modified Kock pouch urinary diversion. The microscopic appearance suggested that the tumor arose from the paraurethral duct. Stains for prostatic specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase were negative. Forty cases of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female urethra reported in the literature were reviewed.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
Efficient catalysis by pyridinium sulfonate in glycosylation involving an oxazoline intermediate derived from per-O-acetyl-N-acetyllactosamine and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose.
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Acetylglucosamine↗
Induction of irreversible glomerulosclerosis in the rat by repeated injections of a monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 antibody.
The present experiment demonstrated that an irreversible glomerulosclerosis could be induced in the rat through repeated intravenous administrations of OX-7 (a monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 antibody). Rats were injected with 0.2 mg of affinity-purified OX-7 at 1-week intervals for a period of 4 weeks. Glomerular damage was periodically examined at light-microscopic level. Thirty-five days after the initial injection (7 days after the final injection), capillary aneurysms and expansion of the mesangial areas with hypercellularity were frequently observed. Similar glomerular damage was also observed in rats 7 days after they received a single injection of either 1.0 or 0.2 mg of OX-7. After repeated injections, 112 days from the initial administration (84 days after the final injection), approximately 60% of the glomeruli had expanded mesangial areas with an apparent increase in the mesangial matrix. The result contrasts sharply with that obtained from a single injection of OX-7 in that more than 85% of the glomeruli showed no abnormalities 84 days after the injection. This chronic model, as a result of repeated injections of the antibody, could serve as a potential for further investigation of the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic glomerulonephritis.
Animals↗
Mechanism of dialysis-induced hypotension.
Dialysis-induced hypotension, the sharp decrease in blood pressure occurring during hemodialysis, remains one of the most difficult problems associated with hemodialysis even today. However, there is yet no established theory to explain the mechanism triggering dialysis-induced hypotension. This review attempts to offer a consistent and cohesive source of information on the hemodynamics during dialysis-induced hypotension, and then analyzes etiologic factors in such hypotension reported by various investigators. Finally, three hypotheses concerning the mechanism of dialysis-induced hypotension including our own are introduced.
Humans↗
Three types of polycystic ovarian syndrome in relation to androgenic function.
OBJECTIVE: To re-evaluate the concept of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in view of androgenic function. DESIGN: Patients were studied endocrinologically and ultrasonographically. SETTING: This study was performed as a clinical investigation. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-nine euprolactinemic anovulatory patients with luteinizing hormone (LH) hypersecretion and 18 normal volunteers were selected. INTERVENTIONS: One hundred micrograms of LH-releasing hormone were administered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): It was possible to divide PCOS patients into three types. RESULTS: Patients with neither hirsutism nor elevation of serum androstenedione (delta 4) and/or testosterone (T) were designated as type I PCOS (n = 20). Patients without hirsutism but with elevated delta 4 and/or T were referred to as type II PCOS (n = 33). Patients with both hirsutism and elevation of delta 4 and/or T were defined as type III PCOS (n = 16). Concentrations of delta 4 appeared gradedly increasing in types I, II, and III in that order, whereas T concentrations were significantly higher in types II and III than in control. Ultrasonographically, cystic ovaries were found in 88%, 84%, and 100% of types I, II, and III patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It is postulated that each type may represent a subset of whole spectrum of PCOS from Stein-Leventhal syndrome to simple anovulation with LH hypersecretion.
Adult↗
[Transcatheter intra-arterial injection of combination drugs in case of advanced uterine cervical cancer].
A total of 10 uterine cervical cancer patients (stage IIb 2, stage IIIb 6, stage IVb 2) were treated two times with selective intra-arterial injection of combined drugs of CDDP, ADR, 5-FU, MMC before operation or radiation therapy. In all patients, the tumor size was reduced macroscopically as well as on MR images. The tumor marker SCC was decreased after TAI. In 7 cases (IIb 2, IIIb 4, IVb 1) surgical treatment was made about 1 month after TAI. Histological examinations revealed that the cancer invasion markedly reduced and no malignant cells found in 3 patients.
Adult↗
Effectiveness of push/pull hemodiafiltration using large-pore membrane for shoulder joint pain in long-term dialysis patients.
Long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients complaining of shoulder joint pain were treated by HD and by push/pull HDF using high-flux synthetic membranes with large pores (Asahi PAN 20CX2) for 2 weeks. The results showed no significant difference in Kt/Vurea between HD and push/pull HDF. Nevertheless, reduction of the plasma beta 2-microglobulin was greater during push/pull HDF than during HD. These findings can be explained by far more convective flux in push/pull HDF than in HD: nearly 30 L during push/pull HDF vs. 3 L during HD. In the present study, there was no alleviation of the shoulder joint pain during HD treatment, whereas marked relief of the symptom was found during push/pull HDF treatment. Since the two treatment modalities differ simply in their efficiency in removing larger molecular weight substances, the joint pain alleviation effected by push/pull HDF could well be ascribed to elimination of an unknown larger molecular weight substance causing this symptom. However, a considerable amount of beta 2-microglobulin was removed both by HD and push/pull HDF. Therefore, the substance causing the joint pain might be larger than beta 2-microglobulin.
Female↗
Beta-2-microglobulin generation rate and clearance rate in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
We analyzed the rebound pattern of plasma beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) concentration from 4 h after completion of hemodiafiltration until the start of the next treatment according to the one-pool beta 2-m kinetic model so as to determine beta 2-m generation rate and whole-body beta 2-m clearance. Next, we obtained the whole renal beta 2-m clearance as the product of renal creatinine clearance and the glomerular sieving coefficient of beta 2-m. Then, extrarenal beta 2-m clearance was calculated as the difference between whole-body beta 2-m clearance and whole renal beta 2-m clearance and renal beta 2-m clearance due to tubular absorption was taken to be the difference between whole renal beta 2-m clearance and renal beta 2-m clearance due to urinary excretion. The results showed that the higher the patients' plasma beta 2-m concentration was, the lower was the whole-body beta 2-m clearance. Moreover, in the present study, an inverse correlation was found between the following respective factors: plasma beta 2-m concentration and whole renal beta 2-m clearance; plasma concentration and renal clearance due to tubular absorption; plasma concentration and renal clearance due to urinary excretion. However, there was no correlation between plasma beta 2-m concentration and extrarenal beta 2-m clearance. The findings indicate that the variation of plasma beta 2-m concentration with the individual patient is solely attributable to the variation in residual renal function in terms of beta 2-m elimination.
Adult↗
[Gynecologic tumor].
The image diagnosis of a gynecologic tumor is progressing with the propagation of magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI), fast X-ray computed tomography (CT), and transvaginal probe. We introduce you the role which an image diagnosis should play in the decision of the therapeutic plan and the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a uterine cervical cancer, a uterine endometrial cancer, and an ovarian cancer. In a uterine cervical cancer, MRI is useful to grasp the stage and the tumor size, and contributes toward determining a therapeutic plan. In addition, we may guess the response to the therapy, and judge the existence of a residual tumor during or immediately after an irradiation or an intraarterial injection. In a uterine endometrial cancer, MRI will contribute toward demonstrating a cervical invasion and toward assessing a myometrial invasion, therefore may help us to modify a therapeutic plan. To stage an ovarian cancer, it is necessary to visualize a small disseminated lesion. However, as all imaging modalities has a limitation to reveal the small disseminated nodules, they will not replace probe laparotomy. The probability of X-ray CT to take the place of second-look operation by an improvement has been suggested. MRI is poor at the visualization of a dissemination, however it is sometimes helpful for the evaluation of the therapeutic effect of a localizing tumor with demonstrating the changes of the signal intensity. We suppose that also an image diagnosis leaves room for expectation to contribute toward deciding the therapeutic plan of an ovarian cancer.
Combined Modality Therapy↗
Aggravation of inappropriate luteinizing hormone secretion by bromocriptine in polycystic ovary syndrome with elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
Ten clomiphene-resistant, normoprolactinemic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were treated by continuous and increasing administration of bromocriptine (Brc), and changes in hormonal profiles as well as therapeutic efficacy were examined. Ovulation was restored in four patients (responders), and two of them became pregnant, whereas the other six patients did not ovulate with Brc alone (non-responders). Endocrine analyses revealed distinct differences between responders and non-responders: 1) pretreatment serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) in non-responders were significantly higher than those in responders: 2) exaggerated LH secretion was definitely aggravated with Brc therapy in non-responders, but unchanged or slightly reduced in responders: 3) basal PRL secretions showed a marked reduction in both groups, whereas this response to TRH in responders decreased more markedly than in non-responders with the therapy. It is concluded that low DHAS group patients of PCOS are likely to respond to Brc, whereas high DHAS group patients appear contraindicated for this treatment due to its aggravating effect on LH secretion.
Adult↗
Rat mesangial cells actively produce phosphatidylinositol-anchored Thy-1.
We provide evidence that the mesangial cells of rat kidney glomeruli express Thy-1 as a phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein. Both the mesangial area of kidney, examined in tissue sections, and mesangial cells maintained in culture for more than 3 months, showed prominent immunofluorescence staining with an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody (OX7); this staining was almost completely abolished by pretreating kidney sections or mesangial cells with the phosphatidylinositol-specific enzyme, phospholipase C. By Northern blotting, mesangial cells were shown to express mRNA of an appropriate size, hybridizing to a mouse Thy-1.1-specific probe.
Animals↗
[Hormone therapy of infertility].
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Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
Bombesin-like peptides in human small cell carcinoma of the lung.
The nature of bombesin-like immunoreactive peptides was studied in extracts of small cell carcinoma of the human lung. Three peaks, I, II and III, designated by their increasing retention times, were separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as counter ion. None of the peaks corresponded to bombesin. Peak III was eluted at the same position as porcine gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) but was separated from it in another reversed-phase system using heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA). Peak II material eluted in the position of bombesin in the HFBA system but not in the TFA system. The elution position of Peak I corresponded to that of the carboxyl terminal fragments of GRP, i.e. GRP18-27 and GRP19-27. This correspondence was observed in each of the reversed-phase and gel filtration systems used. The Peak III peptide was converted to peak I after incubation with trypsin. It was reasoned that this conversion could be one of the steps in the processing of bombesin-like peptides in human small cell carcinoma.
Bombesin↗
A new method for detection of anti-zona activity in human sera using latex agglutination reaction.
A slide latex test for detection of anti-zona pellucida activity in human sera was developed using a latex agglutination reaction. The latex reagent, made of polystyrene particles coated with solubilizing zona antigen(s), was found to give results comparable in sensitivity as well as specificity to those of the indirect immunofluorescence method as tested with anti-pig-zona antiserum and with human sera. Thus, the slide latex test was judged to be adequate for use instead of the indirect immunofluorescence technique.
Adolescent↗
Characterization of glycoproteins isolated from porcine zonae pellucidae.
Two glycoproteins, tentatively designated as PZ-alpha and PZ-beta, have been isolated and purified to homogeneity from porcine zonae pellucidae by a simple purification procedure producing a high yield. The procedure included the dissolution of the zona material in 0.1 M sodium borate buffer pH 10.0, Sephadex G-100 column chromatography and preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified glycoproteins gave a single band on polyacrylamide gel and had molecular weights of 60 000 (PZ-alpha) and 96 000 (PZ-beta). Glutamic acid was detected as the NH2-terminal residue in both glycoproteins, using the dansyl chloride method. Though their amino acid compositions were similar, their carbohydrate contents were slightly different (PZ-alpha: 24.9%; PZ-beta; 19.6%), but these components contained the same types of monosaccharides: fucose, mannose, galactose, NAcGlc and sialic acid. The antigenic properties of the two glycoproteins were indistinguishable by immunodiffusion tests. The PZ-beta could be converted in part to smaller molecular weight components, though not to PZ-alpha, by treatment with beta-mercaptoethanol. Thus clear differences between PZ-alpha and PZ-beta could not be detected by chemical or immunological analyses except for the difference in the behaviour on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Amino Acids↗
Ultrasonographic observation of ovarian follicular development via vaginal route.
Ovarian follicular growth during periovulatory period was measured using real-time ultrasound via vaginal route. In 15 patients examined preliminarily by the abdominal procedure, the mean follicular diameter increased from 15.6mm on four days before ovulation to a maximum of 21.8mm on the day of ovulation. A clear distinction of follicular development during periovulatory period could be made in 40 patients by the vaginal procedure. The mean distance between follicle and scanner was 5.6cm in the vaginal observation, which was significantly shorter than those observed in the abdominal observation. Thus, real-time ultrasound examination via vaginal route appears to be a useful technique for assessing the ovarian follicular development.
Adult↗