One of the characteristic motor abnormalities in achalasia of the esophagus is the lack of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter during swallowing. In a subject with a clinical history and radiologic evidence of early achalasia all the typical motor abnormalities of the disease were observed in the course of pressure studies, but the sphincter exhibited a fall of pressure in response to a contraction of the body of the esophagus. This relaxation occurred later than would be expected in the normal esophagus and, therefore, this unusual condition was named dyschalasia.The relationship of dyschalasia to classical achalasia is discussed and several theories are advanced. The authors believe that dyschalasia is possibly an early stage of achalasia.

Esophageal Diseases↗

PubMed1966

The role of humoral factors in the dumping syndrome: experimentally induced dumping before and after portal systemic shunt.

Although most patients have a satisfactory permanent result following partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer, some have severe and occasionally disabling postprandial distress, due mainly to the postgastrectomy dumping syndrome. Despite 50 years of extensive research the etiology of this syndrome is not fully understood, although recent evidence suggests that this is, at least in part, a chemically mediated phenomenon due to release of humoral factor(s) from the intestinal mucosa during stimulation by hyperosmotic material.Animal experiments which have yielded evidence in support of the humoral theory have been reported by several workers, but this communication is the first in which experimentally induced dumping has been reported in man before and after portal systemic shunt. The symptoms elicited add further support to the hypothesis that a humoral factor is responsible for initiation of the dumping syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1965

'Chronic duodenitis': a clinical pathological entity?

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Adult↗