Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Suzuki.
We found that aloe extract contains a lectin-like substance which reacts with serum proteins of various animals. Furthermore, in human serum 2 proteins, alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin, were shown to be reactive with aloe extract.
Cell surface and extracellular polysaccharide fractions obtained from Dictyostelium discoideum NC-4 cultured in bacteria-free medium showed strong B-cell mitogenic activities. Upon periodate treatment of the extra-cellular polysaccharide fraction this activity completely disappeared. The extracellular polysaccharide fraction could also enhance the antibody response in vitro against sheep red blood cells.
A new bubble oxygenator, designed for simple operation and clinical efficacy in intracardiac surgery, has been developed and clinically evaluated. This device is characterized by an oxygenating chamber with controllable blood-volume, integral heat exchanger and two-stage microfilter of gravity drainage system, an apparatus for creating and uniformly distributing oxygen bubbles, and construction materials of the device known to be minimally traumatic to the blood. Clinical experience in 132 infantile and pediatric open heart procedures has demonstrated its effectiveness as measured by embolic complications and simplicity in maintaining physiologic blood gas levels.
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The structure-activity relationship in different sensitivity of AH-13 and L-1210 to nitrosourea nad related derivatives was examined. N-Methyl-N-nitrosoureido derivatives, such as 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) and 1, 1'-polymethylene-bis(3-substituted 3-nitrosourea), were inactive against AH-13 and slightly active against L-1210. On the contrary, 1, 1'-polymethylene-bis(3-substituted 1-nitrourea) derivatives were more active against AH-13 than against L-1210. The nitrosoureas which had bis(2-chloroethyl) group at the terminal were highly active against AH-13 and L-1210. One of denitrosated derivatives, 1, 1'-ethylene-bis[3-(2-chloroethyl)urea], was active against AH-13 alone. In addition, diisocyanates, nitrourea, ammonium carbamate, and 1-methyl-1-nitrourea, which are related to the nitrosourea compounds, were also tested for their activity against AH-13 and L-1210. Diisocyanates and nitrourea were active against AH-13 alone, while other compounds were all inactive.
Surgical treatment of hemifacial spasm associated with tortuous vertebrobasilar system was reported. A patient was 63-year-old female, who first experienced mild and intermittent muscle twitching around her left eye twenty years prior to admission. Five years later, the twitching extended to all the facial muscles on the left side. She was treated with facial nerve block, which resulted in facial palsy for about one year. Because of recurrence of the hemifacial spasm, she was admitted to the Neurosurgical Department of Bokuto Municipal Hospital on October 12, 1977. Neurological examination revealed no abnormalities except for left hemifacial spasm with slight muscular weakness. Electromyogram showed severe twitching and synkinesis of all the muscles of facial expression. Vertebral angiogram on the left side disclosed pronounced elongation of the vertebral and basilar arteries, which extended into the left cerebellopontine angle. Compression of the facial nerve root exit zone at the brainstem by the vertebral artery was considered to be the cause of the hemifacial spasm. Suboccipital craniectomy was carried out on November 29, 1977. The vertebral artery extended into the cerebellopontine angle, and adhered to the facial nerve. After mobilization of the vertebral artery from the facial nerve, a small prosthesis of non-absorbable spongy material (Teflon felt) was interposed between the vertebral artery and brainstem. Postoperatively, the hemifacial spasm disappeared, but the facial palsy, which had been observed preoperatively probably due to previous facial nerve block and long-standing hemifacial spasm, remained. The function of the acoustic nerve was preserved. Recently vascular compression of the facial nerve root exit zone has been reported as a major cause of hemifacial spasm, but such abnormal vessels are rarely demonstrated angiographically.
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1,1'-Ethylene-bis(1-nitrosourea) (EBNU) posesses antitumor activity against leukemia L-1210. Chemical stability, alkylating activity, and lipophilicity of EBNU and related compounds were compared. EBNU was the most unstable among several bis-N-nitrosoureas and mono-N-nitrosoureas tested. The alkylating activity of EBNU was the same as that of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), but higher than those of other bis- and mono-N-nitrosoureas except 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea. Lipophilicity of EBNU was extremely low compared with 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and CCNU.
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Antihypertensive and pharmacological properties of budralazine were examined in comparison with other antihypertensive drugs. Budralazine was orally effective against various types of hypertension in rats and it, like reserpine but unlike hydralazine, produced a much greater pressure reduction in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. The drug was similar to reserpine and alpha-methyldopa but not to hydralazine in showing a gradually progressive action. At equihypotensive oral doses, budralazine was less potent than hydralazine in producing tachycardia in unrestrained SHR. After long-term therapy, it effectively prevented the development of hypertension in SHR to almost the same extent as did hydralazine. Budralazine failed to produce diuresis in SHR at antihypertensive doses but antagonized isolated rabbit aortic contractions induced by vasoconstrictors and decreased femoral arterial resistance in dogs. Thus, the antihypertensive budralazine is characterized by the ability to produce vasodilator, non-diuretic and weak cardiac stimulant effects.
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Glutamate synthase was purified about 250-fold from Thiobacillus thioparus and was characterized. The molecular weight was estimated as 280,000 g/mol. The enzyme showed absorption maxima at 280, 380, and 450 nm and was inhibited by Atebrin, suggesting that T. thioparus glutamate synthase is a flavoprotein. The enzyme activity was also inhibited by iron chelators and thiolbinding agents. The enzyme was specific for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and alpha-ketoglutarate, but L-glutamine was partially replaced by ammonia as the amino donor. The Km values of glutamate synthase for NADPH, alpha-ketoglutarate, and glutamine were 3.0 muM, 50 muM, and 1.1 mM, respectively. The enzyme had a pH optimum between 7.3 and 7.8. Glutamate synthase from T. thioparus was relatively insensitive to feedback inhibition by single amino acids but was sensitive to the combined effects of several amino acids. Enzymes involved in glutamate synthesis in T. thioparus were studied. Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase, as well as two glutamate dehydrogenases (NADH and NADPH dependent), were present in this organism. This levels of glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase were similar in T. thioparus grown on 0.7 or 7.0 mM ammonium sulfate. The sum of the activities of both glutamate dehydrogenases was only 1/25 of that of glutamate synthase under the assay conditions. It was concluded that the glutamine pathway is important for ammonia assimilation in this autotrophic bacterium.
The reaction mechanism of adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase (EC 1.8.99.2) from Thiobacillus thioparus was studied using difference spectrum and stopped-flow techniques. The enzyme-bound FAD was rapidly reduced by sulfite with a first order rate constant of 97.1 s-1. The addition of AMP induced further spectral changes in the reduced enzyme which were consistent with the oxidation of FADH2 to the red (anionic) semiquinone FADH-) and the concomitant reduction of nonheme iron to the ferrous state. Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) or anaerobiosis inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c by the enzyme only to the extent of 25-35%, indicating the existence of a direct reduction of cytochrome c by the enzyme without involving O2-. the activity of enzyme with cytochrome c was inhibited by increasing the potassium phosphate concentration, the inhibition being more pronounced with horse heart cytochrome c than with Candida krusei cytochrome c.