[Imaging of the gallbladder--selection of the optimal technic].
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Cholecystography↗
Biomedical subjects
I Suramo
Publications and source records attributed to I Suramo.
[Narcotic smuggler's abdomen].
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Abdomen↗
Cranio-caudal movements of the liver, pancreas and kidneys in respiration.
The range of movement of the liver, pancreas and kidneys in maximum and normal respiration, and the ability to suspend respiration repeatedly leaving the organs in exactly the same position with the aid of given instructions or a combination of instructions and a simple tool were investigated. The range of movement of the most mobile organ (liver) was 5.5 cm during maximum, 2.5 cm during normal, 0.9 cm during suspended respiration, and 0.2 cm during suspended respiration with a bar placed above the abdomen.
Adult↗
Unidentified liver metastases at ultrasonography or computed tomography.
Sixty-six patients with hepatic metastases, examined by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) with an interval of a few days between the two examinations, showed discrepancies between the US and CT findings. The US and CT images were compared lesion by lesion, and the reasons why a metastasis was missed at US or CT were analysed. Lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter could be detected at technically successful examinations with both methods. The unreliable imaging regions with US were the ventrocranial aspect of the right lobe, the caudate lobe, and in obese patients the dorsal part of the right lobe. With CT, the caudal aspect of the left lobe, the area surrounding the gallbladder, and portions beneath the ribs were most unreliably imaged. Sometimes, at either US or CT, the image characteristics of the metastasis were too similar to those of the normal parenchyma to be differentiated.
False Negative Reactions↗
A low-dose CT-pelvimetry.
The suitability of CT for pelvimetry was studied. For accurate measurement of the true conjugate and interspinous diameter, a lateral topogram and an axial CT slice were taken. The radiation dose was reduced from 1 mGy (in conventional system) to 0.1-0.2 mGy.
Female↗
The effect of drugs, position of the patient and filling of the stomach on pancreatic sonography.
Using 750 outpatients as our material, the effects of dimethicon , simethicon - pankreatin and lysin-vasopressin, of the position of the patient and of the filling of the stomach with soup on the success of pancreatic ultrasonography were studied. Dimethicon had no, simethicon - pankreatin an almost significant and lysin-vasopressin a highly significant positive effect. Lysin-vasopressin caused several mild adverse reactions. The filling of the stomach with soup combined with erect position was effective in about 3/4 of the cases. Prone position was not usefull.
Clinical Trials as Topic↗
Ultrasonography, computed tomography and arteriography in the evaluation of the local spreading of malignant renal neoplasm.
In a series of 32 operated renal carcinoma patients, the ability of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and arteriography to demonstrate the local spreading of renal carcinoma was investigated. Operation showed that 23 of the renal carcinomas were local. Nine carcinomas had spread locally. CT was the most sensitive indicator of local spreading (particularly perirenal extension). CT examinations, however, also gave most of the false positive findings. The number of false negative findings was highest in the US group.
Adolescent↗
Pseudotumours and insignificant tumours in US and CT examinations of the adrenal glands.
Pseudotumours encountered in US and CT examinations of the adrenal glands over 2 years are reviewed. 12 pseudotumours were detected in US, 1 in the right adrenal gland and 11 in the left, while 2 pseudotumours were seen in the CT. The former were due to splenic lobulation in 4 patients, accessory spleens in 4, splenic cyst in one, renal cysts in 2 and the bowel contents in one, and the latter to the stomach and an accessory spleen (both of these CT examinations were technically unsuccessful). The 7 benign, non-functioning adenomas detected in CT and causing problems of differential diagnosis were also collected over the same period. A comparison of the US findings for 30 malignant adrenal tumours and the above pseudotumours revealed no essential differences, nor did a comparison of the benign non-functioning adenomas and small malignant adrenal tumours.
Adenoma↗
Hypo-echogenic pseudolesions of the liver examined by CT.
Successive hypo-echogenic focal lesions of the liver tentatively interpreted sonographically as benign were collected over a 3-year period and analyzed. All of these patients had undergone a CT examination and had been followed up. Lesions ranging in size from 2 to 13 cm were seen in about 0.1% of the patients. None of the 16 homogeneous hypo-echogenic nonexpansive and well-demarcated lesions bordering upon anatomic structures with a partly straight or concave contour turned out to be malignant. CT was able to give little additional information.
Follow-Up Studies↗
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma supplemented with CT or ERCP.
The practicability of ultrasonography as the primary imaging method for pancreatic carcinoma was studied in a series of 64 patients with pancreatic carcinoma examined and operated on more than 2 years previously, and CT and ERCP were compared for their expedience in the further examination of uncertain sonographic findings. Ultrasound revealed 42 carcinomas definitely and 8 carcinomas uncertainly (78%) and further indicated dilatation of bile and/or pancreatic ducts in 10 patients. Three sonographic examinations failed, and one resulted in a false negative finding (error of interpretation). ERCP proved to be a little more informative than CT in the further examinations.
Aged↗
Hyperechogenic renal tumours.
58 hyperechogenic renal tumours from the years 1978-1983 were studied to elucidate whether it would be possible to discriminate between malignant and benign tumours with the aid of echo strength and homogeneity. 42 tumours were malignant (renal carcinomas) and 16 benign (15 angiomyolipomas and one hemangioma). 5% of the malignant tumours were highly echogenic (the echo strength equal to or higher than that of sinusal area) and 95% moderately echogenic ( echostrength higher than that of parenchyma and lower than that of sinusal area), and 12% had homogeneous and 88% nonhomogeneous echo pattern. 75% of the benign tumours were highly and 25% moderately echogenic, while 94% were homogeneous and 6% nonhomogeneous. It is not possible to differentiate with absolute reliability between malignant and benign hyperechogenic renal tumours on the basis of the ultrasonographic finding.
Adolescent↗
Chance findings in ultrasonography of the gallbladder and the abdominal organs.
Chance findings (pathological processes in other than in the object organ) were recorded in: I 400 consecutive gallbladder sonographies performed with gray scale compound equipment during 1978-1980, and II 1100 consecutive abdominal or retroperitoneal real time sonographies during 1982-1983. Eight malignant tumours and three aortic aneurysms in group I, and five malignant tumours and four aortic aneurysms in group II were the most significant chance findings. The malignant tumours included seven renal carcinomas. The use of US as a multi-organ imaging method is stressed.
Abdomen↗
Ultrasonography of gastric tumours.
The visualization of the different parts of the stomach in ultrasonography was ascertained, and the information obtained by upper abdominal ultrasonography of patients with gastric tumour was evaluated in a retrospectively collected series. Normally, the whole stomach is not visualized in ultrasonography. A sonography examination can never exclude the possibility of gastric carcinoma, but the carcinoma is often detectable by ultrasound. Ultrasonography also provides some idea of the extent of infiltration. Those performing epigastric ultrasonographies should attach increasing attention to the stomach.
Cardia↗
Occurrence of hematoma after renal biopsy: systematic follow-up study by sonography.
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Adolescent↗
Echo-free and relatively echo-free "renal sinus lipomatosis".
Eleven echo-free and 37 relatively echo-free peripelvic lesions, primarily interpreted as sinus lipomatosis by experienced sonologists, were examined using CT. Eight echo-free lesions proved to be cysts and only three "fibrous fat". Hypodense peripelvic fat accumulations were not totally echo-free in any of the cases, but tended to show up weak echos.
Cysts↗
Ultrasonography of carcinoma of the gallbladder. The images and differential diagnostic problems.
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder was analysed in a series of 5100 patients, who had a grey-scale sonography of the gallbladder more than 2 years before analysis. Carcinoma has been diagnosed in 12 of the patients. Sonography revealed 8 of the carcinomas. In addition one tumour was diagnosed, which was not considered to originate from the gallbladder. Two patients had carcinoma in situ. The examination of one carcinoma patient was a technical failure. There were 9 false positive findings. Of these 9 patients, one had a metastasis, 5 had a lump of sludge, 3 had a wall thickening caused by chronic cholecystitis and one had an adenomyomatosis.
Aged↗
Comparison of ultrasound and CT images of liver metastases.
The US and CT images of liver metastases in 42 patients were systematically compared. Based on the US image the lesions were classified as non-echogenic, slightly echogenic, and markedly echogenic lesions, target lesions and lesions with diffuse alteration of structure. There was often discrepancy between the appearance of the US and CT images. The discrepancy was increased after contrast enhancement in non-echogenic and in slightly echogenic metastases and in metastases with diffuse alteration of echo structure and diminished in target lesions. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed.
Humans↗
Evaluation of liver steatotic and fibrous content by computerized tomography and ultrasound.
Twenty-four patients with steatotic liver underwent computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) examinations and liver biopsy, performed within a maximum interval of 6 weeks. The CT and US findings were compared with the fat and fibrous content of the biopsy specimens. A good linear inverse correlation between the CT findings and fat content was found. The ranges of CT values were 39-60 HU (mean, 52 HU) for mild fat content (less than or equal to 9.9%), 4-46 HU (mean, 27 HU) for moderate fat content (10.0-24.9%), and -6 to 19 HU (mean, 10 HU) for severe fat content (greater than or equal to 25.0%). With US it was possible to estimate roughly the fat and fibrous content of the liver. There was always the 'bright liver' finding in patients with 10.0% or more fat content, but it was impossible to estimate the content of fat more accurately. 'Bright liver' was also found in most patients with mildly and in all patients with severely increased fibrous content. It was impossible to differentiate the latter from each other or from the 'bright liver' caused by fatty degeneration.
Adult↗