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Biomedical subjects

I Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to I Stanley.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

v-erbA cooperates with sarcoma oncogenes in leukemic cell transformation.

The v-erbB, v-src, v-fps, v-sea, and v-Ha-ras oncogenes induce avian erythroid progenitor cells to self-renew in an erythropoietin-independent manner. These transformed erythroblasts retain both their capacity to differentiate into erythrocytes and their requirement for complex growth media. However, previous studies showed that erythroblasts transformed by v-erbB plus v-erbA (which by itself is not oncogenic) are blocked in differentiation and grow in standard media. Here we show that the introduction of v-erbA into erythroblasts transformed with v-src, v-fps, v-sea, or v-Ha-ras likewise induces a fully transformed phenotype. It also reduces the capacity of ts sea- and ts erbB-transformed erythroblasts to differentiate terminally in an erythropoietin-dependent manner after a temperature shift. Cooperativity involving v-erbA also occurs in vivo since chicks infected with a retroviral construct encoding v-erbA and v-src develop both acute erythroblastosis and sarcomas.

Alpharetrovirus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Patients with medically unexplained symptoms: sources of patients' authority and implications for demands on medical care.

Lay and medical beliefs are not separate systems. The beliefs of somatizing patients, in particular, incorporate medical understanding and it has been argued that this increases the power that such patients exert in seeking treatment from doctors. To understand the nature and use of this power requires investigation of (i) how patients use medical ideas and language to explain their symptoms and (ii) how this process influences patients' expectations and evaluations of their doctors. We interviewed 68 patients, in whom no physical cause had been found for persistent physical symptoms. Their accounts of symptoms and of their experience of doctors were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. As expected, patients used medical terms to explain their symptoms. However, these depicted explanatory themes which have long been familiar in traditional lay models: disease as a malign entity and imbalance between bodily forces. Patients' sense of authority over doctors derived, not from facility with medical language and ideas but from contrasting their own sensory, and therefore infallible, experience of symptoms with doctors' indirect and fallible knowledge. By providing explanations that questioned the reality of symptoms, doctors were perceived as incompetent and inexpert. Patients used their authority, not to seek treatment, but to secure naming of, and collaboration against, the disorder. Although these patients saw the doctors' role as limited and inexpert by comparison with their own, our analysis suggests ways in which doctors might more effectively engage with persistent somatizing patients.

Adult↗