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Biomedical subjects

I St James-Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to I St James-Roberts.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Infant crying patterns in the first year: normal community and clinical findings.

To provide information about persistent infant crying, crying durations and patterns were measured at four age points (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 and 10-12 months) in normal community (N = 400) and clinical (N = 68) samples. The findings provide a range of prevalence figures and descriptive statistics which may be useful for parents and professionals faced with infant crying. A large developmental shift in crying amount, and two age-related changes of crying pattern, were found. Clinical infants showed the same crying profiles as the general community infants, but were found to cry substantially more. Although mothers of first-borns were more likely to seek clinical referral, there were no birth-order differences in crying amount or pattern. The findings' implications for studies of infant temperament and development are indicated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Convergences and discrepancies, among mothers' and professionals' assessments of difficult neonatal behaviour.

The idea that difficult newborn behaviour reflects an inborn disposition was tested by comparing measures from different circumstances, occasions and observers. Correlations between researcher measures from separate settings and occasions were statistically significant but modest, indicating a "rudimentary" constitutional trait contribution to difficult newborn behaviour. Little evidence of a discrete subgroup of particularly difficult newborns was obtained. Maternal assessments were internally consistent but weakly explained by baby constitutional factors or nurses' reports. The importance of contextual and development variables is discussed. Alternative methodological strategies for studying constitutional and social-developmental contributions to difficult behaviour are needed.

Child Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Linking prenatal and perinatal adversities with child development.

Several professional groups share an interest in the effects of prenatal and perinatal adversities on children's development. The aim is to present a conceptual and methodological framework which will foster multidisciplinary study in this area. Recent evidence and principles about early life adversities, and developmental processes, are reviewed. The limitations of studies which address discrete variables at single points in time are highlighted. The proposal is that reproductive adversities are most effectively conceptualized as perturbations of infants' endogenous and social regulatory systems, which lead to adaptive developmental processes. The origins of maladaptations are to be found not simply in fixed, within-the-child, characteristics but in an understanding of regulatory processes; particularly the regulatory exchange between child and caregivers. A study is used to illustrate the translation of the model into research design.

Adolescent↗