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Biomedical subjects

I Singh

Publications and source records attributed to I Singh.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Peroxisomal enzyme activities in brain and liver of pups of lactating mothers treated with ciprofibrate.

Peroxisomal activities were examined in liver and brain of lactating neonatal rats of mothers maintained on ciprofibrate, a peroxisomal proliferator. The activities of DHAP-acyltransferase, alkyl-DHAP synthetase and the beta-oxidation of palmitic and lignoceric acids increased in brain by 3.9, 2.2, 4.3 and 3.2 fold and in liver by 3.2, 2.6, 6.2 and 2.5 fold, respectively, of lactating pups from mothers on ciprofibrate diet as compared to controls. Ciprofibrate treatment increased the peroxisomal enzyme activities in both brain and liver of lactating neonatal rats demonstrating that ciprofibrate or its metabolite(s) transmitted through the mother's milk can effectively induce peroxisomal proliferation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Demonstration of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase in rat liver peroxisomes. Biochemical and immunochemical evidence.

In this study, by using highly purified rat liver peroxisomes, we provide evidence from analytical cell fractionation, Western blot, and immunocytochemical analysis that Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase is present in animal peroxisomes. Treatment with ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, increased the peroxisomal superoxide dismutase activity by 3-fold with no effect on mitochondrial activity but a marked decrease in cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity, further supporting that besides cytosolic and mitochondrial localization, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase is present in peroxisomes also. Demonstration of superoxide dismutase in peroxisomes suggests a new role for this organelle in pathophysiological conditions, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intravesical epsilon aminocaproic acid in management of intractable bladder hemorrhage.

Thirty-seven patients with intractable bladder hemorrhage were treated with intravesical epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA). Radiation cystitis and cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis were the two most common causes of intractable bladder hemorrhage. Thirty-four patients responded to treatment. No side effects were noted. Intravesical EACA appears to be a safe and effective method to control intractable bladder hemorrhage.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1992

Asynchronous erosion of inflatable penile prosthesis into small and large bowel.

Complications of a 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir are rare, with rupture and fluid leakage being the most common. We recently encountered a patient in whom the reservoir migrated twice into the bowel. A review of the literature suggests that a previous major pelvic or abdominal operation might contribute to erosion of the reservoir into the adjacent viscera.

Colon↗
PubMed1992

HLA in human serum--quantitation of class I by enzyme immunoassay.

A solid-phase, enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to quantitate the soluble fraction of HLA-class I. The sera of 318 individuals were studied, as well as the urine of six individuals with normal renal function. The stability of blood concentrations of the soluble HLA was also evaluated. The data justify the following six conclusions. (1) All normal people have circulating HLA (mean = 357 ng/ml). (2) The population can be divided into one group of low secretors (mean = 162.4 +/- 65.2 ng/ml) and another group of high secretors (mean = 540.7 +/- 185.9 ng/ml) (P less than 0.01). (3) Blood levels in each individual are reasonably consistent over short (days) and long (years) periods of time. (4) The mean concentration of soluble HLA-class I in all renal failure patients was 590 ng/ml, significantly higher than normal (P = less than 0.05); it was highest in patients on peritoneal dialysis (mean = 683 ng/ml) in spite of substantial chronic loss in peritoneal dialysate. (5) Renal allograft recipients with stable allograft function also had mean values greater than normal at 554 ng/ml (P less than 0.05). (6) Soluble HLA-class I was not detected in the urine of individuals with normal renal function.

Enzymes, Immobilized↗
PubMed1992

A double-blind comparison of zuclopenthixol tablets with placebo in the treatment of mentally handicapped in-patients with associated behavioural disorders.

Fifty-two mentally-handicapped in-patients with associated behavioural disorders were entered into this double-blind trial comparing zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride tablets (10 mg) with placebo. The study consisted of a 6-week open phase, in which all patients were treated with zuclopenthixol tablets, followed by a 12-week double-blind phase where approximately half of the patients were transferred to placebo tablets. Demographic data was obtained from the patients at entry to the study. Clinical assessments were performed at weeks 6, 7, 8, 10, 14 and 18 using the Clinical Global Assessment (CGA), a Behavioural Disorder Assessment prepared specially for this study, and a side-effect check list. Analyses of the rating scales showed significant differences in favour of zuclopenthixol at end-point on the item 'improvement in behaviour disorder' from the CGA and at week 14 and end-point on the Assessment of Behavioural Disorder. All other results demonstrated a favourable trend towards the zuclopenthixol treatment. Side-effects were reported slightly more frequently in the zuclopenthixol group, but generally, they were not a problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effect of salicylic acid and calcium on mitochondrial functions.

The rapid mitochondrial uptake of calcium followed by slow release in certain pathophysiological states associated with an increase in intracellular calcium, to normalize the cytoplasmic levels of free calcium, provides an important protective mechanism against calcium cellular toxicity. Salicylic acid, an in vivo metabolite of aspirin, inhibits the uptake and enhances the release of calcium by mitochondria, thereby increasing the levels of cytoplasmic free calcium. The Ca2+ induced mitochondrial swelling is enhanced in the presence of salicylic acid and in which turn leads to loss of biosynthesis of ATP. These results suggest that salicylic acid may promote cellular damage in pathophysiological states associated with increase in intracellular free calcium.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Role of ribosomes in Semliki Forest virus nucleocapsid uncoating.

The mechanism by which Semliki Forest virus nucleocapsids are uncoated was analyzed in living cells and in vitro. In BHK-21 cells, uncoating occurred with virtually complete efficiency within 1 to 2 min after the nucleocapsids entered the cytoplasm. It was inhibited by monensin, which blocks nucleocapsid penetration from endosomes. As previously shown for Sindbis virus (G. Wengler and G. Wengler, Virology 134:435-442, 1984), the capsid proteins from incoming nucleocapsids became associated with ribosomes. The ribosome-bound capsid proteins were distributed throughout the cytoplasm, while the viral RNA remained associated with vacuolar membranes. Using purified nucleocapsids and ribosomes in vitro, we established that ribosomes alone were sufficient for uncoating. Their role was to release the capsid proteins from nucleocapsids and irreversibly sequester them, in a process independent of energy and translation. The process was stoichiometric rather than catalytic, with a maximum of three to six capsid proteins bound to each ribosome. More than 80% of the capsid proteins could thus be removed from the viral RNA, resulting in the formation of nucleocapsid remnants whose sedimentation coefficients progressively decreased from 140S to 80S as uncoating proceeded.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Complementation in Zellweger syndrome: biochemical analysis of newly generated peroxisomes.

The Zellweger syndrome is characterized by a defect which results in the abnormal biogenesis of peroxisomes. As a consequence, metabolic activities associated with peroxisomes such as the oxidation of very long chain fatty acids, the synthesis of plasmalogens, and the catabolism of phytanic and pipecolic acids are impaired. Since this disorder is genetically heterogeneous and several complementation groups are known, we were able to study the normalization of peroxisomal activity during the process of complementation. The restoration of catalase and dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase activities peaked within 3-4 days postfusion while the oxidation of lignoceric acid was much delayed (7-8 days). Electron microscopy indicated that by 6 days following hybridization, peroxisome structure and density in heterokaryons was comparable to normal control cells. The heterogenous biochemical response during peroxisome normalization could be due to several factors including a possible requirement for restoration of peroxisomal structural integrity for maximum activation of certain metabolic pathways.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1992

Salmonellosis in Goa.

During the period 1982-86, a total of 657 Salmonella strains were isolated from various clinical samples processed in the Microbiology laboratory of Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa. The strains were distributed amongst 23 different Salmonella serotypes. The commonest serotypes encountered were S.typhimurium (66%) and S.typhi (24%), the other serotypes were S.bareilly (5.4%), S.paratyphi B (1.2%), S.newport (1.2%) and S.chester (0.8%). Stool samples yielded the maximum Salmonella isolates of which the S.typhimurium was the highest followed by S.bareilly.

Feces↗