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Biomedical subjects

I Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to I Shibata.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Substrate specificity for pancreatic amylase.

Substrates commonly used for the determination of amylase activity include potato starch, corn starch and dye-labeled starch. Determination of the amylase activity of serum using these different starches has shown that the measured value varies depending upon the ratio of isoamylases present, namely between pancreatic amylase (P-type) and salivary amylase (S-type), contained in the serum. With corn starch as substrate, the P-type dominant serum exhibited an apparently higher value than the S-type dominant serum. In the use of blue-starch which is employed as a chromogenic method, the P-type dominant serum gave a higher value than the S-type dominant serum. Red-starch which is also used as a chromogenic method, however, did not cause the P-type dominant serum to show such a high level of amylase activity as blue-starch. These differences in amylase activity can be also shown by determining the Km values of pancreatic amylase and salivary amylase using these substrates. Thus, corn starch and blue-starch showed smaller Km values to pancreatic amylase than to salivary amylase. They were thus proved to have a strong affinity for pancreatic amylase. In contrast, potato starch, red-starch and glycogen had good affinity for salivary amylase. In pancreatic disease in which pancreatic amylase is increased without much elevation in the total amylase level in the serum, it might be possible to detect the abnormality of pancreatic amylase activity if either corn starch or blue-starch is used as a substrate for measurement of the serum amylase activity.

Amylases↗
PubMed1976

Cultivation of viral agents from Crohn's disease. A new sensitive system.

The isolation and animal transmission of a viral agent from Crohn's disease patients stimulated studies aimed at the development of improved tissue culture techniques. The need for an effective tissue-culture system led to a comparison of African green monkey tissue-culture cells (A.G.M.K.), human diploid lung cells (WI-38), and a new tissue-culture line--continuous rabbit ileum (C.R.I.). Homogenates prepared from ileal specimens from four Crohn's disease patients and from four control patients without inflammatory bowel disease were filtered through a 0-2mu 'Millipore' filter. After confluence, groups of six tissue-culture flasks were inoculated with 0-3 ml of Crohn's disease or control filtrates. No cytopathic agents were isolated from A.G.M.K. tissue-culture. Cytopathic agents were isolated in WI-38 and C.R.I. tissue-cultures from each of the four Crohn's disease specimens but from none of the control specimens. A comparison of C.R.I. and WI-38 demonstrated that cytopathogenic change (C.P.E.) developed in C.R.I. earlier than in WI-38. C.P.E. was complete in a shorter period of time in C.R.I. but was irregular in WI-38. The sensitivity of WI-38 varied with the passage level and age of the monolayer. C.R.I. was found to be free of cytopathic adventitial agents upon inoculation of standard tissue-culture systems and weanling mice. Therefore C.R.I. is a sensitive and superior tissue-culture system for the cultivation of viral agents from Crohn's disease filtrates. The reproducible isolation of a viral agent from the ileum of patient's with Crohn's disease is confirmed by these studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens with serotype-1 fowl adenovirus isolated from a broiler chicken with gizzard erosions.

Gizzard lesions were formed in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens inoculated with fowl adenovirus (FAV). The virus, serotype 1 FAV 99ZH strain (FAV-99ZH), was originally isolated from the gizzard mucosa of commercial broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Five-day-old and 53-day-old SPF white leghorn chickens were inoculated with FAV-99ZH by both oral and ocular routes and then examined at necropsy on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 postinoculation (PI). There were no clinical signs in any of the chickens after the inoculation. Focal gizzard lesions occurred macroscopically, however, in inoculated chickens at several experimental periods. FAV was recovered from tissue samples of the proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and rectum by day 10 or 7 PI but was not recovered from liver samples of any of the chickens. These results indicate that FAV isolated from gizzard erosion is able to reproduce gizzard lesions as necrosis and erosion in SPF white leghorn chickens and that it may have a greater degree of tissue tropism in gizzards and other digestive organs than in the liver.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epizootic outbreaks of gizzard erosion associated with adenovirus infection in chickens.

Two outbreaks of gizzard erosion in slaughtered broiler chickens in Japan were examined pathologically and microbiologically. The prevalences of such lesions were 9%-11% and 4%-50% in the affected flocks. Affected chickens had no clinical signs. Group I fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype 1 was isolated from gizzard lesions. Histologically, gizzard mucosa were necrotic. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in the enlarged nuclei of degenerating epithelial cells of the gizzard. The keratinoid layer in the erosion was edematous and desquamated and contained degenerative cells. Moderate to marked inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the lamina propria and perivascular connective tissue in the submucosa and muscle layer. Immunohistochemical staining showed evidence of FAV antigens in the intranuclear inclusion bodies within degenerating epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, numerous viral particles were demonstrated in the inclusions.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity of serotype 1 fowl adenovirus in commercial broiler chickens.

The pathogenicity of a serotype 1 fowl adenovirus (FAV-99ZH), isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, was investigated in commercial broiler chickens. Five-, 3-, and 1-wk-old commercial broiler chickens were inoculated with FAV-99ZH by both oral and ocular routes. In the 5-wk-old chickens (trial 1), none of which had the maternal antibody to FAV-99ZH, severe gizzard erosions were observed on days 5, 7, and 10 postinoculation (PI). Among the 3-wk-old chickens (trial 2), which were separated into a control group and three treatment groups according to their maternal antibody titer levels, some chickens showed clinical signs such as depression and anorexia. Compared with the control group, all the treatment groups showed decreased weight gain. One treatment group, moreover, showed significantly decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain on day 10 PI. Severe gizzard lesions, such as erosion or ulcers, were observed from day 4 PI in all treatment groups regardless of their maternal antibody levels. The 1-wk-old chickens (trial 3) were separated into a control group and two treatment groups according to their titer levels of the inoculated virus. In spite of high maternal antibody levels, severe gizzard lesions were observed in both treatment groups, which also showed decreased weight gain. One treatment group, inoculated with the higher dose, showed significantly decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain on days 10 and 14 PI compared with the control group. Fowl adenovirus was recovered mainly from gizzard and rectal (including feces) samples from inoculated chickens but was not recovered from liver samples in any of the trials or in any of the control chickens. Although the reproduced disease was similar to that described in a previous report of experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens with fowl adenovirus, the pathogenicity of FAV-99ZH in commercial broiler chickens was more severe than that in the SPF white leghorn chickens. The results of the present study indicate that FAV-99ZH isolated from gizzard erosion had pathogenicity and produced severe lesions in the gizzards of broiler chickens and that FAV-99ZH could infect and produce illness in broiler chickens with maternal antibodies against this virus.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosion in slaughtered broiler chickens in Japan.

Gizzard erosion in broiler chickens was investigated at 18 slaughterhouses in Japan. The condition was observed in 13 of them, and adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) was diagnosed histologically, immunohistochemically and virologically in the eroded gizzards from nine of these 13. The antigen-positive intranuclear inclusion body of group 1 fowl adenovirus was observed in the epithelial cells of the affected gizzards, and fowl adenoviruses were isolated from the lesions. In two of the slaughterhouses the total weights of the gizzards disposed of in three years were 3590 kg (0.40 per cent of the gizzards inspected) and 2880 kg (0.19 per cent). Sixteen of the 19 outbreaks of gizzard erosion on 15 farms that were confirmed in three of the slaughterhouses, including the previous two slaughterhouses, were diagnosed as AGE, and the condition was suspected in the other three outbreaks. Most of the adenoviruses isolated were identified as serotype-1 by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No apparent clinical signs were observed in any of the affected flocks.

Abattoirs↗