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Biomedical subjects

I Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to I Shapiro.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The effect of intraperitoneal colchicine on the formation of peritoneal adhesions in the rat.

A double blind study was carried out to determine the effect of colchicine on the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in the rat. Adhesions were produced by a standard method in 92 rats. The animals were than divided at random into two groups. One group (47 rats) was treated with intraperitoneal colchicine, whilst the other, the control group (45 rats) was treated with intraperitoneal normal saline in the same volume, frequency and duration. Four weeks later the animals were killed for assessment and measurement of adhesions. Two kinds of adhesions were found. 1. "Surface adhesion" - consisting of two serosal surfaces attached together; their area was significantly smaller (p less than 0.00003), and their number was lower (p less than 0.03) in the colchicine group than in the control group. 2. "Filamentous adhesions" - thin, elastic cords connecting omentum or pelvic fat bodies to other viscera; there was no significant difference in their number between the colchicine and the control group. We concluded that post-operative treatment with colchicine reduces the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Leukoembolization in ocular vascular occlusion.

The occurrence of complement-induced white blood cell aggregation and embolization has previously been little suspected. This may be a mechanism which underlies certain occlusive vascular diseases. It is possible that the fundus picture which has been described as Purtscher's Retinopathy following severe trauma and acute pancreatitis may be explained by this mechanism. A further case of Purtscher's type Retinopathy associated with acute pancreatitis is reported.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Functional significance of restricted upgaze.

Restriction of conjugate vertical eye movements among the elderly has been described as a normal neurologic finding. A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of restriction of upgaze among elderly nursing home residents and to assess the functional significance of restricted upgaze alone and in combination with other factors. This study reports that limitation of upgaze is of functional significance when simultaneous restriction of neck mobility exists. Implications for nursing home design and for improved communication with elderly patients are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Sudden blindness in acute pancreatitis. Possible role of complement-induced retinal leukoembolization.

During an episode of acute alcoholic pancreatitis, severe visual loss and the funduscopic appearance of Purtscher's retinopathy-a syndrome thought to be caused by posterior retinal microembolization-developed in a patient. We propose that emboli in this case may have consisted of aggregated granulocytes since plasma samples from eight to 12 patients with subsequently studied acute pancreatitis caused granulocyte aggregation in vitro. The aggregant was demonstrated to be an activated fragment of the complement system, derived from C5. Since we could generate identical granulocyte aggregating activity by treating serum or purified C5 with trypsin, we suggest that proteases released from an inflamed pancreas might have produced a C5-derived aggregant in this case, as well as in three other previously reported cases of acute pancreatitis and Purtscher's retinopathy. We conclude that complement-induced leukoembolization may be a previously unsuspected cause of vital-tissue damage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Decreased density in membrane localized macromolecules in cells enlarged after X-irradiation or polyploidization.

Cytophotometric measurements of DNA, dry mass (total proteins) and surface localized IgM and Ia were performed on individual cells of a Burkitt lymphoma derived cell line after X-irradiation and after polyploidization. Blockage of cell division was achieved with 250 r, and an arrest in G2 was found 48 hr after irradiation. The cells unable to divide increased in volume and total protein content. Cell enlargement was also achieved by polyploidization. The amount of surface localized IgM and Ia did not keep up pace with the increase in total proteins, thus their density decreased. This was reflected in decreased sensitivity of the enlarged cells to the cytotoxic effect of specific antisera.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1980

Familial pseudotumor cerebri and the empty sella syndrome.

The empty sella syndrome may be a later complication of pseudotumor cerebri, based on the relationships of clinical features of both and their visual complication. Pseudotumor cerebri may follow a genetic predisposition but further research is needed to confirm this.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of relationship between hearing threshold and loudness discomfort level in sensorineural hearing loss.

The relationship between hearing level and loudness discomfort level (LDL) for narrow-band noise was evaluated in two groups of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. Group I had thresholds ranging from 25-60 dB SPL and Group II's thresholds ranged from 65-100 dB SPL. LDLs were determined for narrow bands of noise centered at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The LDLs for Group II were greater than those for Group I and the differences were statistically significant. It is speculated that one reason for others not finding differences as a function of hearing level may be the absence of severe to profound hearing loss in the test populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Oculomotor programming disturbances in the dementia syndrome.

Three types of oculomotor programming disturbances are described in patients with the dementia syndrome. This report describes two of these abnormalities, poorly regulated gaze patterns and a programming type of gaze perseveration. All patients showed poorly regulated gaze patterns in contrast to the normal controls, whereas on the whole only the moderately affected patients showed the programming type of gaze perseveration. The third type of oculomotor programming disturbance is efferent perseveration of gaze (a hypokinetic, "staring" type of gaze pattern) and can be seen with severe dementia. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of unaided MCLs and use-gain of hearing aids.

Unaided MCLs for narrow bands of noise centered at 1 000, 2 000, 3 000 and 4 000 Hz were compared with the use-gain of hearing aids worn by 10 subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. In addition, for eight subjects, MCLs measured at the time of the hearing aid evaluation were compared with MCLs observed at the time of hearing aid follow-up. Results of the study suggest that (1) hearing aid use-gain can be accurately predicted on the basis of the MCLs for the narrow bands of noise, and (2) the hearing-impaired subjects were highly consistent in their MCL judgments for narrow-band noise.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1977

Children's use of CROS hearing aids.

Ten children with unilateral hearing loss, aged 7 to 17 years, who were fit with contralateral routing of signal (CROS) hearing aids were followed up for three years to assess the suitability of this type of hearing aid fitting on children. The determination of the success of the fitting was based on follow-up visits, chart review, and response to a questionnaire sent to the parents. The fitting was considered to be successful if the child accepted the aid and if parents and teachers observed substantial improvement in academic performance and/or social behavior. Seven children were considered to be successful users of their CROS aids; one was unavailable for follow-up; one did better with a BICROS aid; and one did not do well with amplification. Our experience suggests that children with unilateral hearing loss can benefit from CROS amplification.

Adolescent↗