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Biomedical subjects

I Schwartz

Publications and source records attributed to I Schwartz.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Photo-affinity labeling of tRNA binding sites in macromolecules. I. Linking of the phenacyl-p-azide of 4-thiouridine in (Escherichia coli) valyl-tRNA to 16S RNA at the ribosomal P site.

The phenacyl-p-azide of 4-thiouridine in (E. coli) tRNA(1) (Val) was prepared for use as a photo-affinity probe of tRNA binding sites on ribosomes. The derivatized tRNA was 90-100% as active as control tRNA for aminoacylation, nonenzymatic binding to the ribosomal P site, elongation factor Tu(EFTu)-dependent binding to the A site, EFTu-GTP-aa-tRNA ternary complex formation, and transfer of valine into polypeptide. Irradiation of p-azidophenacyl-[(3)H]valyl-tRNA bound noncovalently to the ribosomal P site resulted in covalent attachment of 15-20% of the noncovalently bound tRNA to the ribosomes. The linking occurred exclusively to the 16S RNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit, thus suggesting that the region of the ribosome within 9 A of the 4-thiouridine of tRNA, when it is bound in the P site, is solely 16S RNA.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1965

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Optometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of an OspA vaccine preparation for prevention of Lyme disease in New York State.

A multicenter, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was done comparing a 30-microgram dose of a single protein recombinant OspA vaccine preparation with a saline placebo for efficacy in prevention of Lyme disease in humans. The OspA vaccine (30-microgram dose) or saline placebo was given intramuscularly at day 0, 1 month later, and 12 months later. Cases of possible Lyme disease were evaluated clinically and using culture, polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot assays. Safety data are being analyzed separately. 1,634 adult volunteers were enrolled at a single center in New York State. Vaccine efficacy during the first year was 40% and during the second 37%. Compared with placebo, the OspA vaccine significantly reduced the frequency of Lyme disease during the 2-year study period (P < 0.04, one-tailed Fisher's exact test). Vaccine efficacy was restricted to volunteers under 60 years old (50% vs 9%, P < 0.03, two-tailed Fisher's exact test). A recombinant OspA vaccine preparation was found to have moderate activity in preventing Lyme disease in adults under 60 years old from New York State. Reasons for vaccine failure need to be addressed and a risk benefit ratio calculated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary embolism in the nursing home population: high frequency at autopsy in female residents.

Pathological and clinical findings of all consecutive autopsies performed at The Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged from 4/1/85 to 12/31/86 were reviewed to determine the frequency and clinical significance of pulmonary embolism as a cause of death in the nursing home. The autopsies were performed by a single pathologist and a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) was based on microscopic confirmation of macroscopic findings. All charts during this time period were reviewed for classic signs and symptoms of PE, presence of risk factors associated with PE, ambulatory status and rapidity of death. The autopsy rate during this period was 25.6%. Of 41 autopsies reviewed (31 females and 10 males) 14 cases of pulmonary embolism were found representing a prevalence of 34.1%. All occurred in females. Pulmonary infarction was present in four cases. Massive PE (interrupting blood flow to both lungs) and major PE (interrupting flow to one entire lung) made up 11 of the cases (26.8% of all autopsies). Classic symptoms were not more frequent premortem in those with PE than those without PE. The presence of risk factors, or rapid death, or bedbound state did not predict the presence of PE. In none of the cases was the diagnosis established premortem. Elderly female residents of chronic care facilities appear to be at special risk of death from pulmonary embolism. Clinical findings are not of a diagnostic nature.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perspectives on the transition from preschool to kindergarten for children with disabilities and their families.

This article addresses the transition of young children from preschool programs that provide special education services to kindergarten or alternative elementary school placements. The roles of the child, family, and service providers in transition preparation, planning, implementation, and evaluation are described. Successful transitions include assessments of children's skills in meeting the demands of kindergarten programs, teaching these skills to children, and actively encouraging parent participation in plans and programs. Barriers to successful transitions include lack of time and funding to coordinate both parent activities and between-school arrangements. A critical area for future research is the long-term evaluation of the procedures described as "best practice," as well as the definition of what constitutes a successful transition.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful high-dose calcium treatment of aluminum-induced metabolic bone disease in long-term home parenteral nutrition.

A patient who developed severe metabolic bone disease is presented. He had received long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) following extensive small bowel resection after mesenteric vein thrombosis. Bone disease caused by aluminum intoxication had components of osteomalacia and low-turnover osteoporosis. Aluminum was detected at the surface of mineralized bone and was elevated in the serum, resulting in a positive deferoxamine infusion test. One year of treatment with high doses of calcium (up to 24 mEq per day) significantly diminished the patient's bone pain, increased the serum levels of calcium, abolished aluminum deposits in the mineralized trabecula, improved bone formation, and increased trabecular bone volume as assessed by repeated histomorphometric analysis.

Aluminum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis in a rural New Jersey County.

To assess the potential risk for other tick-borne diseases, we collected 100 adult Ixodes scapularis in Hunterdon County, a rapidly developing rural county in Lyme disease endemic western New Jersey. We tested the ticks by polymerase chain reaction for Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and the rickettsial agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Fifty-five ticks were infected with at least one of the three pathogens: 43 with B. burgdorferi, five with B. microti, and 17 with the HGE agent. Ten ticks were coinfected with two of the pathogens. The results suggest that county residents are at considerable risk for infection by a tick-borne pathogen after an I. scapularis bite.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microbial genomics: from sequence to function.

The era of genomics (the study of genes and their function) began a scant dozen years ago with a suggestion by James Watson that the complete DNA sequence of the human genome be determined. Since that time, the human genome project has attracted a great deal of attention in the scientific world and the general media; the scope of the sequencing effort, and the extraordinary value that it will provide, has served to mask the enormous progress in sequencing other genomes. Microbial genome sequencing, of particular interest to the community studying emerging infectious diseases, prompted the series of articles presented in the following pages. These articles review technological and scientific advances that have occurred since publication of the Haemophilus influenzae genome sequence in July 1995; that was the first demonstration that an entire genome sequence could be deciphered by a "shotgun" approach, i.e., the sequencing and assembly of random fragments of the genome. This is now the method of choice for sequencing of most other genomes, including human (as performed by Celera Genomics).

Genome, Bacterial↗