Biomedical subjects

I Sasaki

Publications and source records attributed to I Sasaki.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical characterization, distribution and ultrastructure of lymphocytes bearing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor in the human gut.

The phenotypic characterization and distribution of lymphocytes bearing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor (TCR) in the human gut were investigated by an immunohistochemical technique. A mirror section technique and double staining method were used for the phenotypic analysis. Intraepithelial delta-positive cells were almost all CD8-positive and rarely negative for both CD4 and CD8. On the other hand, lymphocytes bearing TCR gamma/delta in the lamina propria were largely negative for both CD4 and CD8. The ratio of delta-positive to CD3-positive cells amongst intraepithelial lymphocytes was larger in the lower intestine. Delta-positive cells were also observed in paracortical areas of lymphoid follicles. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed granular structures in these delta-positive cells, which are also present in large granular lymphocytes. The role of lymphocytes bearing TCR gamma/delta in mucosal immune responses in the human gut are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Colonic motility in innervated and extrinsically denervated loops in dogs.

The control mechanism of canine colonic motor activity measured by means of chronically implanted force transducers was studied by comparing diurnal changes and migrating patterns in control dogs and dogs with innervated and extrinsically denervated colonic loops. Five force transducers (C1-C5) were placed on the colon, and the middle colon was transected to construct a loop including C2 and C3 transducers. Colonic continuity was established by an end-to-end anastomosis. In the fasted state, colonic motor complexes of 8-13 minutes' duration were observed to occur at intervals of 22-32 minutes in all three groups, but response to feeding was clearly different; significant enhancement of the colonic motor indexes lasting for 8-16 hours after feeding, which was observed at all recording sites in control dogs, was identified only in the proximal and distal colon in dogs with innervated and extrinsically denervated loops. In the innervated loop, significant enhancement of the motor indexes was observed only in the first 2 hours after feeding. In the extrinsically denervated loop, feeding did not induce any response. In both groups with loops, greater than 40% of the motor complexes that occurred in the proximal colon migrated to the distal colon directly across the anastomosis and less than 20% propagated to the loop. In addition, the migration time between the proximal and the distal colon was greatly reduced in both groups with loops compared with that in the control group. Another change observed within the loop was an increase in numbers of retrograde migrating colonic motor complexes. It is concluded that colonic motor activity is under the predominant control of intraluminal contents in the digestive state but that extrinsic nerves may play an important role in the response observed in the innervated loop in the first 2 hours after feeding, which should be defined as the gastrocolonic response in dogs. In the interdigestive state, the intrinsic nervous system and/or humoral factors may control the occurrence of colonic motor complexes.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical characterization, distribution, and ultrastructure of lymphocytes bearing T-cell receptor gamma/delta in inflammatory bowel disease.

Phenotypic characterization and distribution of gamma/delta T lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa were investigated in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease by immunohistochemistry. The ratio of delta(+) cells to CD3(+) cells in the intraepithelial space of colon was decreased in Crohn's disease (13%) and strikingly decreased in ulcerative colitis (8%) compared with the control (36%). Delta(+) cells in the lamina propria were also decreased, particularly in the distal ileum of Crohn's disease (4%), compared with the control (15%). On the contrary, the cells gathered at the severe inflammatory sites with other inflammatory cells, including beta(+) cells, and were densely distributed in the T-cell zone around lymphoid follicles. Phenotypic characterization showed that delta(+) lamina proprial lymphocytes of colon were mainly CD4(-)CD8(-) in the control (80%) and Crohn's disease (59%). However, in ulcerative colitis, CD4(-)CD8(-) delta(+) lymphocytes were rarely found (3%). This reflects the difference of immunologic background between the two diseases. Immunoelectron microscopically, these cells in inflammatory bowel disease were rich with vesicular structures in cytoplasms, whereas those in the control group contained electron-opaque granules. The decrease and the morphological change may be closely related to the weakness of mucosal defense.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Immunohistochemical localization of mineralocorticoid receptor in human gut.

Immunohistochemical localization of mineralocorticoid receptor in the human adult gut was examined by using a polyclonal antibody raised against a mineralocorticoid receptor fusion protein. Immunoreactive staining was observed in columnar cells in the middle of the intestinal glands of the proximal colon, but not in goblet cells. Western blot analysis also revealed the presence of an approximately 100 kDa immunoreactive species consistent with the mineralocorticoid receptor protein in the ascending colon as well as the kidney. These results suggest that aldosterone-sensitive sodium transport and water absorption may be mainly carried out in the proximal colon in human adult gut at non-pathological state.

Aldosterone↗

PubMed1991

[Upper airway finding on CT scan with and without nasal CPAP in obstructive sleep apnea patients].

The area of upper airway (from the nasopharynx to the hypopharynx) was measured by means of computed tomography (CT) scan in 15 confirmed cases of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and in 4 normal controls while they were awake. The minimum cross-sectional area (MA) of the upper airway was 14.7 +/- 20.0 mm2 in OSA patients and 80.0 +/- 33.1 mm2 in normal controls and the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In OSA patients, MA did not correlate with age, body weight, apnea index, desaturation index, mean nadir-SO2 and lowest SO2. MA was also measured with OSA patients while nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) of 10 cmH2O was applied and it was found that MA was significantly widened when NCPAP therapy was performed. We conclude that upper airway narrowing is consistent finding in OSA patients but the degree of narrowing does not correlate with parameters of apnea and gas exchange during sleep, and NCPAP is effective to widen the area of upper airway in OSA patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Long-term follow-up study after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for gastric ulcer].

The long-term follow-up study of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) for benign gastric ulcer was described in terms of postoperative subjective symptoms related to gastrectomy and recurrent ulceration. Of 134 patients who underwent PPG, 5 patients died within one month after operation, 33 patients died in the follow-up period and 22 patients have not been traced. Seventy-four patients were available for a 3-24 year follow-up (mean 16.6 years) Recurrent ulcer developed in 4 patients, 1, 2, 9 and 11 years after surgery at the greater curvature of pre-pyloric region in all cases. Two patients underwent reoperation. These patients revealed higher gastric acid secretion as compared with that of one month after primary operation. But gastrin hypersecretion and G-cell hyperplasia were not recognized in these patients. According to detailed questionnaires, no patient showed the symptoms of dumping syndrome. The results indicate that PPG is preferable for the surgical treatment of gastric ulcer.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) on nocturnal renal function in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)].

Nocturnal renal function was examined in 8 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and the effects of nasal CPAP (NCPAP) on renal function were also studied. Nocturia was observed more than twice in all cases when no treatment was performed, but it disappeared after initiation of NCPAP. Fractional nocturnal urine volume and creatinine clearance decreased significantly from 1.36 +/- 0.15 ml/min to 0.75 +/- 0.20 ml/min (p less than 0.01) and from 116.8 +/- 46.5 ml/min to 101.1 +/- 33.0 ml/min (p less than 0.05), respectively, after initiation of NCPAP. Although the serum Na and creatinine did not change following NCPAP, the urine Na and creatinine changed significantly after NCPAP therapy. The serum renin, aldosterone, and ADH did not change after NCPAP therapy. The significant positive correlation (p less than 0.05) between the fractional nocturnal urine volume and DI, and also significant inverse correlation (p less than 0.05) between the fractional urine volume and %FRC were observed. These results suggest that the abnormal renal function seen in cases of OSAS is related to the hypoxemia during sleep. It was concluded that the nocturnal renal function in cases of OSAS was different from those in normal controls and NCPAP therapy induced the recovery of these abnormalities.

Creatinine↗

PubMed1991

[Effect of total biliary diversion (cholecysto-jejuno-cystostomy) on gut hormone release and pancreatic structure in dogs].

In order to elucidate the effect to total biliary diversion (TBD) on gut hormone release and pancreatic structure, we performed cholecysto-jejuno-cystostomy (CJC) in 6 mongrel dogs using a small interposed intestinal segment between the gallbladder and the urinary bladder with ligation of the common bile duct. Twelve weeks after CJC, CJC was converted into cholecysto-jejuno-duodenostomy (CJD) to normalize luminal bile flow. Fat rich meal loading tests were carried out before and after these procedures. Plasma concentrations of GI hormones (CCK, PP, GIP) were measured by radioimmunoassay and morphological changes of the pancreas were evaluated by light and electron microscopic study. CJC significantly enhanced the basal levels and fat-stimulated release of both CCK and PP, however after CJD, these changes returned to the normal levels. Following CJC, fat-stimulated GIP release was completely inhibited, but recovered after CJD. Following CJC, hypertrophy of pancreatic acinar cells with profuse and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum was observed, while after CJD this change returned to the pre-operative state. These results suggest that a feedback regulation may exist between luminal bile flow and CCK secretion, and pancreatic hypertrophy after TBD is, at least partly, due to the increased plasma CCK levels.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Role of bile and pancreatic juice in regulation of gut hormone secretion].

To elucidate the role of bile and pancreatic juice in regulation of gut hormone secretion, an experimental study was performed creating models of biliary and pancreatic juice diversion in conscious dogs with reference to gastric acid and pancreatic exocrine secretions. The results were obtained as follows. 1) Diversion of bile from the duodenum to the jejunum, the ileum and urinary bladder (UB) did not affect the postprandial gastric acid and gastrin secretion, except slight suppression of gastric acid in model of bile diversion to the ileum and UB. 2) Postprandial GIP secretion was completely diminished and total-GLI secretion was significantly increased after bile diversion to the ileum and UB, whereas the jejunal diversion did not affect both GIP and total-GLI secretion. 3) A marked hypertrophy of pancreatic acinar cells was seen in conventional histopathological investigation and hyperfunction indicated by microelectroscopical findings was observed after bile diversion to UB with significant hypersecretion of CCK. 4) In the model of bile diversion to UB, hypersecretion of insulin was observed after intravenous glucose infusion test. 5) Diversion of pancreatic juice from the duodenum to the jejunum induced significant postprandial hypersecretion of gastric acid and hyposecretion of GIP.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Influence of 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs].

The effect of proximal and distal small bowel resection on gut hormone release after test meal loading in dogs was studied. Ten beagle dogs were subjected to 50% proximal or distal small bowel resection, and test meal loading was performed after one night fasting to examine gut hormone release. Fasting levels of plasma gastrin were not changed after both proximal and distal resection, but response to test meal was increased at 18 weeks of postoperative period in 50% proximal resection. Postprandial release of plasma GIP was significantly decreased in both proximal and distal resection compared with preoperative period. Postprandial release of enteroglucagon was increased at 4 and 8 weeks in proximal resection. In distal resection, it was increased at 4 weeks but returned to preoperative levels at 8 weeks. Villus height of middle part of the intestine was increased in both proximal and distal resection, and significant change was observed in the duodenal mucosa of proximal resection at 4 weeks. These findings suggest that part of the resection of small bowel influences gut hormone release, and these may play an important role in intestinal adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1991

[Surgical results in Crohn's disease--an analysis in view of cumulative risk or recurrence and reoperation].

Forty nine cases with Crohn's disease operated at our department were analyzed in view of cumulative risk of reoperation and recurrence. Cumulative risk of reoperation was 22% at five years and 40% at ten years. Cumulative risk of recurrence after "curative" resection in thirty four cases was 53% at five years and 73% at ten years. Both risks were the highest in ileal type and the lowest in colonic type. Cumulative risk of relapse in ileocolic type after non-"curative" resection was 67% at five and ten years, which showed no significant difference with cumulative risk of recurrence after "curative" resection. Cumulative risk of recurrence after "curative" resection with proximal resection margin longer than 10 cm had no significant difference from the group with shorter margin. Cumulative risk of recurrence and reoperation after reoperation was a little higher than after initial operation, but they showed no statistical difference. In conclusion, there is no need to stick to "curative" resection, and it is enough to have the resection margin no longer than 10 cm. It is essential not to spoil the quality of life by excessive resection.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[An autopsy case of adult T-cell leukemia complicated with metastatic calcification of the lung].

46-year-old male patient was born in Niigata Prefecture and thereafter lived in Tokyo. In late January 1985, he noticed swelling of the bilateral inguinal lymph-nodes followed by fever and lumbago. In February, he consulted a local doctor and hepatosplenomegaly, marked leukocytosis and renal dysfunction were pointed out and he was referred to our hospital on February 22nd. The clinical laboratory data on admission were as follows; WBC 23,200/microliter, serum-Ca 18.4 mg/dl, BUN 85.3 mg/dl, creatinine 5.4 mg/dl, antibody to ATLV x160. ATL was diagnosed by biopsy of lymph nodes and examinations of peripheral blood and bone marrow hemogram. Remission was achieved in March by the treatment with adriacin. Renal failure and hypercalcemia also improved. However his respiratory dysfunction gradually worsened. The chest radiographies++ showed pulmonary edema, although there was no clinical evidence of heart failure. When his condition became stable, TBLB was performed and revealed extensive deposition of calcium along alveolar septae, suggesting that pulmonary edema was induced by the metastatic calcification of the lung. After the second treatment for ATL, he died of pneumonia. The autopsy showed calcium deposition not only in the lung but in pyramids of the kidney and in sub-serous layer of the small intestine. There was no tumor cell invasion into the bone or parathyroid gland. High urinary c-AMP together with normal levels of PTH suggested that the hypercalcemia in this case was induced by PTH-related protein. It was concluded that careful treatment for hypercalcemia is important as regards the occurrence of pulmonary edema.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed1990

Effect of phospholipid emulsifiers on physicochemical properties of intravenous fat emulsions and/or drug carrier emulsions.

The physicochemical properties of soy bean oil emulsions stabilized with purified egg lecithins (phosphatides) of various concentrations have been examined. The zeta potential of the emulsion droplets and the mean particle size of oil droplets in 10% (w/w) o/w-type emulsion decreased with increasing emulsifier concentration and then levelled off at more than 1.2% (w/w). In rheological measurements, at the initial stage, the viscosity of 10% (w/w) o/w-type emulsion gradually increased with increasing purified egg lecithin concentration, at the next stage, a plateau was reached at about 1.0-1.4% (w/w), and at the final stage, the viscosity curve showed a dramatic increase. These results indicate that emulsions stabilized by purified egg lecithin at more than 1.2% (w/w) are likely to be sufficiently stable.

Drug Carriers↗

PubMed1990

Increased plasma glucagon-like immunoreactivity in dogs with ileojejunal transposition.

To elucidate hormonal and metabolic changes in intestinal adaptation, an experimental study was performed in dogs subjected to ileojejunal transposition. Fasting levels of blood glucose, plasma insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) did not change significantly throughout 12 weeks. Plasma glucagon measured with an antiserum specific to the C-terminal portion of glucagon slightly increased and plasma total glucagon measured with a non-specific antiserum gradually increased. Glucose tolerance deteriorated at the 4th week in the transposed group. The response of plasma insulin and GIP to glucose in the transposed group did not differ from that of the sham operated group. Plasma glucagon increased significantly during glucose loading at the 12th week. The response of plasma total glucagon to glucose was most prominent, reaching a peak of 3,755 +/- 742 pmol/liter. The value was significantly increased, compared with that of the sham group or normal group (p less than 0.01). Insulin-induced hypoglycemia enhanced a larger increment of plasma total glucagon in the transposed group than in the sham group (p less than 0.05). At the 12th week plasma total amino acids were decreased and several amino acids were reduced. It is concluded that ileojejunal transposition elicited an exaggerated response of plasma total glucagon to glucose and several metabolic derangements and that the transposition offers an excellent model for hyperenteroglucagonemia.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1990

Increase of 63 kDa protein kinase in the nuclear matrix of HL-60 cells during differentiation by retinoic acid.

The changes of protein kinases (PKs) in the nuclear matrix of HL-60 cells during the differentiation by retinoic acid (RA) were examined by in situ assay after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the nuclear matrix of HL-60, at least seven species of PKs (83, 63, 58, 46, 42, 38, and 31 kDa) were always detected. Among these PKs, 63 kDa PK was increased dramatically during differentiation by RA. Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed that two species of 63 kDa PKs (pI 5.0 and 5.4) were presented in the nuclear matrix and increased similarly during the differentiation. This increase of 63 kDa PKs may be related to the lobulation of the nucleus and the nuclear matrix accompanying the differentiation by RA.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of cefuroxime axetil in acute dental infections. Double blind comparative study vs. cefaclor].

To evaluate objectively clinical efficacy, safety and usefulness of cefuroxime axetil (CXM-AX) in acute dental infections (periodontitis, pericoronitis and gnathitis), we carried out a comparison study using cefaclor (CCL) as the control. Both drugs were orally given after meals in a dose level of 250 mg (potency) t.i.d. for 3-7 days. 1. Clinical efficacy rates in all the treated cases were 81.6% (102/125) in the CXM-AX group and 82.5% (104/126) in the CCL group according to the assessment by physicians in charge, and 89.6% (112/125) and 83.3% (105/126), respectively, according to the assessment based on scores. No significant difference was found between the 2 treatment groups. In clinical efficacy (assessment by score) classified by background factors, efficacy rate in the CXM-AX group (90.6%, 58/64) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in the CCL group (75.0%, 48/64) in cases receiving no surgical treatment on the first day of drug administration. Other background factors than the above (no surgical treatment) factor or scores on the first day of drug administration, however, did not appear to influence clinical efficacies of 2 treatment groups. 2. As for the bacteriological response in all the treated cases, elimination rate in the CXM-AX group was 73.7% (28/38) and that in the CCL group, 78.3% (36/46), without significant difference between the 2 groups. 3. Regarding the safety, no significant difference was found between the 2 treatment groups. Adverse reactions were observed in 1 out of 128 cases (0.8%) in the CXM-AX group and 6 out of 132 cases (4.5%) in the CCL group. Abnormal laboratory test values were noted in 8 out of 86 cases (9.3%) in the CXM-AX group and 5 out of 91 cases (5.5%) in the CCL group. None of these differences between 2 treatment groups was statistically significant. 4. Usefulness rates in all the treated cases were 81.6% (102/125) in the CXM-AX group and 81.7% (103/126) in the CCL group, thus significant difference was observed between the 2 groups. From the above results, CXM-AX is considered to be a useful drug like CCL in the treatment of acute dental infections.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

[The effect of short-term nasal CPAP therapy in cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Recent studies have shown that nasal CPAP is very effective in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). To clarify the characteristics of pulmonary function testing and to evaluate the effect of short term nasal CPAP therapy in 13 cases of OSA patients, nasal CPAP was used for 10 to 14 days and polysonography was performed on two consecutive nights without nasal CPAP and at one night with nasal CPAP. Pulmonary function tests and the Uchida-Kraepelin test were performed before the initiation of nasal CPAP therapy and also 7 to 14 days after the nasal CPAP therapy. Apnea index reduced significantly in all cases from 5.10 +/- 19.6 episodes/hour without therapy to 3.1 +/- 3.5 with nasal CPAP (p less than 0.001). Nasal CPAP significantly reduced the frequency of obstructive (p less than 0.001) and mixed apnea (p less than 0.01), but the frequency of central apnea did not change with nasal CPAP. During the nasal CPAP, mean nadir SaO2 rose from 87.3 +/- 2.9% to 92.7 +/- 1.1% (p less than 0.001) and the lowest SaO2 rose from 73.3 +/- 6.4% to 92.0 +/- 2.1% (p less than 0.001). Before the nasal CPAP therapy, daytime PaO2 was 80.6 +/- 6.4 Torr and closing capacity (CC)/FRC ratio was higher when patients were in a supine than in a sitting position. After short term nasal CPAP therapy, daytime PaO2 increased significantly (p less than 0.001), and FRC/TLC in a supine position increased and CC/FRC in a supine position decreased in some patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Relationship between pulmonary functions and sleep respiratory abnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome].

Pulmonary function tests were performed in 18 cases of obstructive sleep apnea in supine and sitting positions and the relationship between pulmonary function and polysomnographic data was analyzed. %FRC and PaO2 were reduced in the supine position compared with those in the sitting position. It was suggested that the reduction of PaO2 was mainly caused by the elevation of CC/FRC ratio in supine position. The relationship between pulmonary function data and polysomnographic data were analyzed, and an inverse relationship between %FRC in sitting position and desaturation was observed and also a positive relationship between PaO2 in the supine position mean-nadir SO2 was found. Saw-tooth sign and VE50/VI50 greater than 1 on flow-volume curves were not related to the apnea index and desaturation index. These results indicate that the F-V curve is not useful for the diagnosis of OSA.

Humans↗