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Biomedical subjects

I Sarov

Publications and source records attributed to I Sarov.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparison between cell culture and serology for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis in women seeking abortion.

The efficiency of an immunoperoxidase serological assay and culture of Chlamydia trachomatis were compared in 127 women seeking first trimester abortion. Serum IgG and IgA antibodies specific for C trachomatis were detected by a single serovar (L2) inclusion immunoperoxidase assay (IPA). Eighty (63%) women were seropositive for chlamydial IgG and 31 (24%) for IgA antibodies. C trachomatis was isolated from 21 of 127 (17%) women. Twenty of the 80 women (25%) seropositive for specific IgG antibodies and one of 47 (2%) patients without these antibodies were culture positive (p less than 0.001). Compared with isolation, chlamydial antibodies at a titre of greater than or equal to 16 showed high sensitivity and negative predictive value (95% and 98%, respectively), but low specificity and efficiency (43% and 52%, respectively). Chlamydial IgA antibodies at a titre of greater than or equal to 8 showed low sensitivity (52%), but a higher specificity, negative predictive value, and efficiency of 81%, 90%, and 76%, respectively. C trachomatis IgG antibodies at a titre of 16 as determined by IPA can be used as an efficient negative exclusion marker for active chlamydial infection in screening women seeking abortion.

Abortion Applicants↗
PubMed1988

IgG and IgA antibodies specific for Chlamydia trachomatis in acute epididymitis.

The possibility of using elevated Chlamydia trachomatis-specific serum IgG and IgA as a screening test for Chlamydia-associated epididymitis was analyzed in 28 acute epididymitis patients and 42 apparently healthy men by the single antigen (L2) immunoperoxidase assay. The prevalence rates of C. trachomatis IgG antibody titer greater than or equal to 64 and elevated C. trachomatis IgG titers (greater than or equal to 128) were significantly higher in the epididymitis patients (75 vs. 40%, p less than 0.01, and 39 vs. 14%, p less than 0.025, respectively) than in controls. The prevalence rate of C. trachomatis IgA antibodies (titer greater than or equal to 8) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in epididymitis patients as compared to controls (46 vs. 10%, respectively). The potential application of elevated serum C. trachomatis IgG and IgA antibodies as a noninvasive screening marker in epididymitis patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cellular immunity and T-lymphocyte subsets in young children with acute measles.

The changes occurring in the T-cell subsets during acute symptomatic measles were examined in ten malnourished and 18 well nourished hospitalized children younger than 5 years of age (median age 14 months). A significant decrease in total lymphocyte count was observed, which was due mainly to a decrease in helper/inducer T lymphocytes, whereas the suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte subset remained unchanged. Consequently, helper/suppressor ratio decreased significantly during the acute phase of the disease. A reduced response to mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM) was also observed. Malnourished infants showed a trend toward a deeper depression in both helper and suppressor T cells during the acute phase than well nourished children, whereas the helper/suppressor ratio remained similar in the two groups.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Virus-specific serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies in cytomegalovirus mononucleosis patients as determined by immunoblotting technique.

The immune response to individual human cytomegalovirus (CMV) structural polypeptides was studied in paired sera from 15 adult CMV mononucleosis (CMV-MN) patients and healthy controls by immunoblotting technique (IB). IgM and IgG antibodies to at least 11 structural polypeptides with molecular weights of 28K, 49K, 55K, 57K, 66-70K, 82K, 87K, 110K, 150K, 205K, and 235K were detected in the patients' sera in the serum sample obtained in the acute phase of the disease. IgA antibodies to polypeptides with molecular weights of 66-70K, 82K, 110K, and 150K were also detected in these sera. In healthy seropositive adults, IgG antibodies with the same molecular weight polypeptides, excluding the 205K and 235K polypeptides, were detected as in convalescent CMV-MN patients. A prominent reactivity of IgM and IgA antibodies to the 66-70K and 150K polypeptides was noted in the acute sera from all the CMV-MN patients examined, but not in a number of late convalescent sera. The potential implications of these findings in the development of specific serological tests are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Chlamydia trachomatis serology in ankylosing spondylitis.

Demonstration of chlamydial antibodies in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could show an etiological role of Chlamydia trachomatis in this condition. We studied serum specimens from 50 HLA-B27 positive patients with AS (Group I), 34 HLA-B27 positive patients with other rheumatic diseases (Group II), 67 HLA-B27 positive healthy blood donors (Group III) and 37 healthy untyped blood donors. (Group IV). Measured by an immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) chlamydial IgA (titre greater than or equal to 1:20) was more prevalent in the HLA-B27 positive persons than in the healthy controls not selected for HLA-group (Groups I + II + III vs IV : p less than 0.02). Chlamydia trachomatis IgA-IPA containing sera also had specific IgG-IPA antibodies (greater than or equal to 1:80) in 29 (96%) out of 30 sera from HLA-B27 positive individuals and controls. Conversely, 45% of specific IgG-positive (greater than or equal to 1:80) AS sera, 27.7% sera in Group II, 39.4% Group III sera vs. 11.1% of sera in Group IV had concomitant chlamydial IgA (greater than or equal to 1:20). The differences in the prevalence of specific IgA were statistically significant: Group I vs. IV : p less than 0.01; Group III vs. IV :p less than 0.05 and Gr. I + II + III vs. IV: p less than 0.05. Our data suggest an enhanced antibody production against Chlamydia trachomatis among the HLA-B27 positive individuals whether they have AS or are healthy.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

The effects of contraceptive hormones on the replication of Chlamydia trachomatis in human endometrial cells.

Several recent reports have documented a lower incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among oral contraceptive users. The interpretation of this observation is difficult because the action of the contraceptive hormones may be directly by action on a specific host cell-parasite relationship, or indirectly via their action on other systems. In the present study we investigated the susceptibility of cultured human epithelial cells of the endometrium to infection by chlamydia and the influence of contraceptive steroids (ethinyl estradiol, mestranol and medroxyprogesterone acetate) upon replication of chlamydia in these cells. Forty-eight hours post-infection, elementary and reticulate bodies were observed in vacuoles of the infected endometrial cells by electron microscopy. Treatment of chlamydial-infected cells with contraceptive steroids in three different concentrations (10(-5)M, 10(-6)M and 10(-7)M) resulted in no effect on chlamydial replication, as examined by one-step growth curve. These results indicate that contraceptive hormones do not prevent chlamydial infection by direct effect on the replication of the agent.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1987

Cytomegalovirus mononucleosis--a report of 70 cases in a community hospital.

Seventy consecutive cases of cytomegalovirus mononucleosis (CMV-MN) were examined retrospectively from their clinical, epidemiological and serological aspects. The mononucleosis syndrome was complicated by various specific organ involvement in 15 (21%) of the patients. Serial serum samples were examined for specific CMV IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies by either the immunoperoxidase or enzyme-linked immunoassay techniques, or both. Specific anti-CMV IgM antibodies were found in 57 patients whose blood samples were collected for the first time at the second week of illness. In seven patients, CMV infection was diagnosed by a rise of specific IgG antibodies and the presence of specific IgA antibodies. These seven patients were generally older (mean age 68 years); four of them had a malignant disease and probably represent cases of recurrent CMV infection. An association between malignancy and recurrent CMV infection in the older age-group is suggested. Prompt diagnosis of CMV infection may exclude CMV-MN from the list of fevers of unknown origin, thus avoiding laborious patient workups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Persistence of a positive test for IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus in late convalescent sera.

We had the opportunity to carry out a long-term follow up of 15 patients with viral hepatitis Type A. The serum IgM response to hepatitis A virus (HAV) was investigated with a commercially available kit (HAVAB-M). IgM antibodies were detected in all specimens collected during the acute phase of the disease and during early convalescence (first 3 months). However, there was a clear decrease in the "sample-to-cutoff" ratio (s/co ratio) after the first 2 months. Serum samples were available from six patients 30 to 32 months after onset of illness. Two of these were positive for IgM anti-HAV, but the s/co ratios were low. These results point to the need for careful evaluation of the diagnosis of acute or recent viral hepatitis Type A when low s/co ratios are obtained.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Involvement of infants, children, and adults in a rotavirus gastroenteritis outbreak in a kibbutz in southern Israel.

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in a kibbutz in southern Israel, characterized by diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain, involved 32 kibbutz members of all ages. Nineteen percent of the children and 3.5% of the adults were ill. Transmission of the illness occurred in direct proportion to the degree of close contact, involving first infants, then mothers and nursery staff, and only later youngsters, adolescents, and fathers. Stool samples obtained from 32 kibbutz members with clinical illness and from 44 asymptomatic close contacts were examined for the presence of rotavirus antigen. Fifty-six percent of symptomatic members were positive for rotavirus antigen as compared with 4.5% of asymptomatic close contacts. Positivity of stool samples correlated inversely with the number of days elapsed after onset of illness until the sample was obtained. Serologic studies carried out on acute and convalescent sera of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects further supported a rotavirus etiology for the outbreak. RNA profiles of stool sample extracts obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining indicate that one electropherotype may have been responsible for the outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Significance of specific Epstein-Barr virus IgA and elevated IgG antibodies to viral capsid antigens in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.

The feasibility of using elevated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) specific-IgG antiviral capsid antigen (VCA) and IgA anti-VCA antibody levels as an aid in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was analyzed by determination of serum antibody titers to EBV in 54 NPC patients, 114 healthy blood donors, and 40 family members by the immunoperoxidase assay (IPA). No significant difference was found in the prevalence rate of EBV IgG anti-VCA antibodies (titer greater than or equal to 20) between the patient group and the control and family groups (100% vs 92% and 90%, respectively). The prevalence rate of elevated EBV IgG anti-VCA titers (greater than or equal to 80, greater than or equal to 160, greater than or equal to 320, greater than or equal to 640) was significantly higher in the NPC patients than in controls. For example, at an IgG titer of greater than or equal to 320, the prevalence rate was 82% in the NPC patient group and 1.7% in the controls (P less than 0.0001). The prevalence of EBV IgA anti-VCA antibodies (greater than or equal to 10) was significantly higher in the NPC patients than in control and family groups (82% vs 6.1% and 0%, respectively). The prevalence rate for elevated EBV IgA anti-VCA (greater than or equal to 20) was found to be significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) in NPC patients than in the control group (70% vs. 1.7%). A significantly high proportion (P = 0.0004) of NPC patients who had serum EBV IgA anti-VCA titers of less than 20 had elevated IgG titers to VCA greater than or equal to 320 (21% vs 1.7% among controls). It appears that testing for IgG antibodies at a serum dilution of 1:320 and for IgA antibodies at a dilution of 1:20 by the IPA technique comprises the best combination for the differentiation between NPC patients and health controls (91% vs 3.4%), and it is suggested that these be used as screening markers for NPC patients.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiological aspects of idiopathic peripheral facial palsy.

Four hundred and twenty seven idiopathic peripheral facial palsy (IPFP) patients admitted to the Otolaryngology Department of the Soroka Medical Center in southern Israel between 1978 and 1982 were characterized and analyzed by age, sex and season of illness. An average annual incidence rate of 33.6 patients per 100,000 inhabitans was calculated which is considered to be the highest incidence reported so far, and may be explained by the very high coverage of the "Sick Fund" insurance in the region and by the warm arid climate that prevails in the area. Knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients and the population in the catchment area, allowed the calculation of age-specific incidence rates and it was found that this rate increases with age, reaching a peak of 68.2/100,00 in the older age group (greater than 65 years of age). Peak morbidity in young patients (less than 30 years of age) occurs in the winter while elderly patients lack seasonal variability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Fate of Chlamydia trachomatis in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages.

The fate of Chlamydia trachomatis (L2/434/Bu) in human peripheral blood monocytes and human monocyte-derived macrophages was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by measuring the yield of infectious C. trachomatis in one-step growth experiments. Two main types of phagosome were seen by TEM in the cytoplasm of C. trachomatis-infected human monocytes (1 h postinfection [p.i.]): one in which the elementary body (EB) was tightly surrounded by the membrane of the phagosome and another in which the EB appeared in an enlarged phagosome. Later, 24 to 48 h p.i., each phagosome contained a single EB-like particle, an atypical reticulate body, or a damaged particle. One-step growth experiments showed that infection of human monocytes with C. trachomatis results in a decrease of infectious particles between 24 and 96 h p.i., whereas infection of the monocytes by C. psittaci (6BC strain) results in productive infection with, however, a 3.5-log lower yield than in control MA-104 cells. In contrast to the abortive replication of C. trachomatis in monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages permitted replication as indicated by one-step growth experiments and TEM. in C. trachomatis-infected, monocyte-derived macrophages 72 h p.i., inclusions of two kinds were observed by TEM. One was very similar to the typical inclusions appearing in infected MA-104 (control) cells; the other was atypical, pleomorphic, often contained "channels," and held relatively few EB and reticulate bodies, some of which appeared damaged or abnormal. The significance of the responses to infection with C. trachomatis in monocytes compared with monocyte-derived macrophages and the role of these cells in sustaining chronic or latent infection and in dissemination of the infection to various parts of the body is discussed.

Chlamydia trachomatis↗
PubMed1986

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus in endometrial cells by estradiol.

The present study uses an in vitro model to test the influence of hormones on the replication and reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in endometrial tissue culture. Infection of epithelial cells of the endometrium with CMV in the presence of a high concentration of estradiol resulted in only a slightly higher yield of infectious virus. Progesterone did not cause any effect on viral replication. Arrest of CMV replication was achieved by reduction of the pH of the incubation medium. No infectious virus was detectable after incubation of infected cultures at pH 5.8. In the above-described conditions following the arrest of CMV replication by low pH, estradiol treatment was capable of reactivating the virus. The possibility that the increase in CMV infection observed in pregnancy is caused by reactivation of latent virus provoked by hormonal factors will be discussed.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1986

Serological, clinical and radiological findings in adults with bronchopulmonary infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

We report here four cases of lower respiratory tract infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Three of them had clinical and radiological findings of atypical pneumonia, while one presented with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). None of the patients had signs of ocular or genitourinary infections. All patients had specific IgM, IgA and IgG antibodies for C. trachomatis during the acute infection, and were seronegative for C. psittaci. No specific clinical or radiological patterns were found. Two of the patients with pneumonia were laboratory workers who were exposed to the L2 (434 bu) serovar of C. trachomatis. They had a striking seroconversion and were followed up serologically for up to 30 weeks after onset of illness.

Adult↗