Biomedical subjects

I Royston

Publications and source records attributed to I Royston.

90 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Human T cell antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies: the 65,000-dalton antigen of T cells (T65) is also found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing surface immunoglobulin.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), four patients with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), four patients with hairy cell leukemia, and three patients with a monoclonal gammopathy (two with IgM, one with IgA) were tested for reactivity with the anti-T cell monoclonal antibody, T101. By immunofluorescent staining, all of the patients had circulating monoclonal surface Ig+ (sIg+) lymphocytes except for three CLL patients whose leukemia cells were sIg-. The leukemia cells of all of the sIg+ CLL cases were reactive with T101 antibody by indirect immunofluorescence; however, the abnormal cells in all of the remaining cases were unreactive. Reactivity of sIg+ CLL cells with T101 was confirmed by a radioactive binding assay, absorption analysis, and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Moreover, a 65,000-dalton protein (T65), similar to that found on T cells, was precipitated by T101 antibody from the surface of sIg+ CLL cells. The fluorescent staining of sIg+ CLL cells by T101 antibody was weak as was the staining of the sIg. This was in contrast to the LCL cells, which had intense staining sIg and absence of staining with T101 antibody. These data demonstrate the existence of two major subtypes of CLL that have phenotypes sIg+ and T101+ and sIg-T101-. The implication of the finding of dual T and B markers on the major type of CLL, but not other B cell malignancies is discussed.

Absorption↗

PubMed1978

Morphologic and cytochemical comparison of human lymphoblastoid T-cell and B-cell lines: light and electron microscopy.

Human lymphoblastoid cell lines characterized as T- or B-cells by various markers were compared morphologically and cytochemically by light and electron microscopy. Distinct differences in nuclear morphology, amount of cytoplasm, pyroninophilia, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining enabled us to discriminate between T- and B-cell lines. T-cells had nuclei with an irregular configuration, stippled heterochromatin, and small or absent nucleoli. The scanty cytoplasm of T-cells contained intensely stained, PAS-positive globules and was less pyroninophilic than the cytoplasm of B-cells. B-cells had more rounded, uniform, vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli and peripheral heterochromatin. The cytoplasm of B-cells was abundant and strongly pyroninophilic. Transmission electron microscopy generally confirmed these morphologic differences. These findings supported our contention that consistent cytologic features concordant with immunologic markers make it possible to identify certain lymphomas as being of B- or T-cell origin on purely morphologic grounds.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1977

Cell mediated immunity during infectious mononucleosis to Epstein-Barr virus associated antigens.

Twenty-three patients with recent infectious mononucleosis were studied for cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated antigens. By means of a virion-containing antigen preparation, (P3J), leukocyte migration inhibition was demonstrated in 6 of 13 patients with acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) and in 6 of 10 patients studied during the convalescent period. Inhibition with a soluble antigen (S) preparation was seen in only a few patients at all stages of the illness. Lymphocyte blast transformation on exposure to P3J occurred in 4 of 9 patients with acute IM; no other study group reacted. Control donors lacking anti-EBV antibodies did not demonstrate migration inhibition or blast transformation with either P3J or S. Control donors with evidence of previous EBV infection did demonstrate migration inhibition with P3J (8 of 12) and S (3 of 10). These studies indicated that cell-mediate immunity to EBV-associated antigens could be detected by either leukocyte migration inhibition or lymphocyte blast transformation, but neither assay is diagnostic of infectious mononucleosis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

Homogeneous antibodies directed against human cell surface antigens: I. The mouse spleen fragment culture response to T and B cell lines derived from the same individual.

The use of the mouse spleen fragment culture system is extended to the production of antibodies to human lymphoblastoid cell lines. These antibodies were tested for reactivity against the immunizing cell line, and against a second cell line which had been derived from the same human blood sample. Many of the antibodies were found to discriminate between the 2 isogenic lines. These results demonstrate the potential of the mouse spleen fragment culture system to provide homogeneous reagents which detect distinguishing markers on closely related human cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

In vitro lymphocyte dysfunction in Hodgkin's disease.

In vitro lymphocyte function and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) response in vivo were assessed in 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to a standard mitomycin C-treated lymphoblastoid cell line in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was measured simultaneously and compared to that of controls. Seventeen patients, including 6 of 11 untreated patients, had some defect either of DCH or of an in vitro lymphocyte function. In patients lacking a DCH response, the PHA and MLC responses were significantly depressed as compared to either those with intact DCH or normal controls. In patients with intact DCH, the PHA but not the MLC response was significantly depressed. PHA stimulation and MLC may define different subpopulations of responding thymus-derived lymphocytes in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Measurement of lymphocyte response to PHA and to a standard lymphoblastoid cell line in the one-way MLC may provide complementary in vitro means of assessing cell-mediated immunity in patients with Hodgkin's disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Electron-microscopic study of Herpesvirus macaca in human fibroblasts.

An electron microscopic study of the morphology of Herpesvirus macaca, a serologically distinct infectious agent isolated from the leukocytes of rhesus monkeys, was performed. WI-38 fibroblast monolayers were infected with the virus and examined 18 days later. The morphology of Herpesvirus macaca was, in general, typical of the herpesvirus group. Enveloped virus particles observed via negative-stain technique had a diameter of 145-155 nm. An inner capsid composed of hexagonal capsomeres had a diameter of 100-110 nm and surrounded a central core. While enveloped forms appeared to be present within the nuclei of infected cells, they were not found in the cytoplasm except within vacuolar structures. Associated changes were found in the morphology of infected cells, including intracytoplasmic myelin figures.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Cell-mediated immunity to Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cells in acute infectious mononucleosis.

Mononuclear peripheral blood leukocytes from 21 patients with infectious mononucleosis and 16 healthy controls were tested in a 51Cr-release assay for cytotoxicity against two human lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from the same donor. One line contained the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); the other did not. Acute-phase leukocytes were significantly more cytotoxic against the EBV-infected cell line than were control leukocytes. Mean (+/- S.E.) lysis at a leukocyte-target-cell ratio of 100:1 was 10.6 +/- 1.6 per cent for patients and 3.4 +/- 0.6 per cent for controls (P less than 0.0005). Cytotoxicity correlated with the percentage of atypical lymphocytes. Cells of three patients with acute mononucleosis-like illnesses failed to show killing activity above those of normal controls. Cytotoxicity against the EBV-negative line was not significantly different for each group. The finding of cytotoxic cells in infectious-mononucleosis patients with atypical lymphocytes suggests that these cells operate in vivo to limit the proliferation of altered EBV-transformed B lymphoblasts.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1975

Infection of human and rhesus lymphoblastoid cells with Herpesvirus macaca.

The interaction between Herpesvirus macaca and lymphoblastoid cells grown in continuous culture, or purified from rhesus blood, was studied as a model for latent or chronic herpesvirus infection of leukocytes. Continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines infected in vitro were PA3, a human cell line with bone-marrow derived (B)-lymphocyte characteristics; LM/DM, a rhesus cell line with B-lymphocyte characteristics; and MOLT-4, a human cell line with thymus-derived (T)-lymphocyte characteristics. A distinct pattern of interaction was found for each lymphoblastoid cell line. A small but stable fraction of cells continued to express virus-specific antigens for more than three weeks following infection of the B-type lymphoblastoid cell lines of rhesus and human origin. Herpesvirus macaca replicated only in PA3 cells. Viral replication did not occur and viral antigens were not detected in either peripheral lymphocytes or MOLT-4 cells. The observations suggest that Herpesvirus macaca interacts in distinct patterns with different lymphoid cell lines in vitro, and that within a given culture, subpopulations of lymphoid cells are present at a given time which respond to the virus differently.

Animals↗

PubMed1975