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Biomedical subjects

I Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to I Roberts.

276 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Preventing injuries through interventions for problem drinking: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

To assess the effect of treatment of problem drinking on injury risk, we conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials by searching 12 computerized databases, cross-checking bibliographies, and contacting authors and governmental agencies. We identified 19 trials of interventions for problem drinking that measured injury outcomes. Treatment for problem drinking was associated with reduced suicide attempts, domestic violence, falls, drinking-related injuries, and injury hospitalizations and deaths, with reductions ranging from 27 to 65%. Interventions among convicted drunk drivers reduced motor vehicle crashes and injuries. The precision of all the point estimates was low, however. We did not combine the results quantitatively, because the interventions, patient populations, and outcomes were so heterogeneous. The results suggest that treatment for problem drinking may reduce injuries and their antecedents. Because injuries account for much of the morbidity and mortality from problem drinking, further studies are warranted to confirm these effects.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunologic mechanisms in hepatitis B assayed by antigen-binding lymphocytes.

Immune mechanisms in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were investigated in 16 persons with and without hepatitis using tests for HBS Ag, anti-HBS, anti-HBC and 125I-labeled HBS Ag binding lymphocytes (ABL) in peripheral blood. Anti-HBC, which is an evidence of a recent or current HBV infection, was detected in all HBS Ag positive sera. High counts of ABL correlated with the presence of anti-HBS in serum but not with anti-HBC or with HBS Ag. In patients with chronic hepatitis, and in asymptomatic carriers of HBS Ag, there was a trend towards low counts of ABL, which may represent partial tolerance ot HBS Ag in carriers of this particle. Further work on ABL for HBS Ag and HBC Ag should enhance our understnading of immunologic responses to the antigens of the hepatitis B virus.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Somatic mosaicism in Fanconi anemia: molecular basis and clinical significance.

Approximately 25% of patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) have evidence of spontaneously occurring mosaicism as manifest by the presence of two subpopulations of lymphocytes, one of which is hypersensitive to cross-linking agents (e.g. mitomycin C) while the other behaves normally in response to these agents. The molecular basis of this phenotypic reversion has not yet been determined. We have investigated 8 FA patients with evidence of mosaicism. Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines established from these patients exhibited an IC50 for mitomycin C of 25 to > 100 nM compared to a mean of 2 +/- 2 nM for 20 nonmosaic FA patients and 49 +/- 11 nM for 8 healthy controls. In 3 patients who were compound heterozygotes for pathogenic FAC gene mutations the molecular mechanism of the mosaicism was investigated by haplotype analysis. The results indicated that an intragenic mitotic recombination must have occurred leading to a segregation of a wild-type allele in the reverted cells and suggested two patterns of recombination. In 1 patient a single intragenic crossover between the maternally and paternally inherited mutations occurred associated with markers located distally to the FAC gene; in the other 2 patients (sibs) the mechanism appears to have been gene conversion resulting in segregants which have lost one pathogenic mutation. In 6 of the 8 patients the hematological symptoms were relatively mild despite an age range of 9-30 years.

Adolescent↗