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Biomedical subjects

I Reimann

Publications and source records attributed to I Reimann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Cattle infected with bovine leukaemia virus may not only develop persistent B-cell lymphocytosis but also persistent B-cell lymphopenia.

We investigated the distribution of B and T cells in the peripheral blood of haematologically inconspicuous (non-persistent lymphocytotic, PL-) cattle infected with the bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Flow cytometric data were obtained from six PL- cattle and compared with six age-matched animals with persistent lymphocytosis (PL+) and five non-infected healthy controls (BLV-). In the PL- group, the percentage and number of surface immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+) B cells were significantly reduced. Whereas in BLV-cattle, about 40% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were sIg + and 24% were sIgM + B cells. In the PL- group, less than 20% of the PBL were sIg+ and sIgM+ B cells. Only 5% of the PBL co-expressed sIgM+ and CD5+ versus 16% in BLV-. This decrease was persistent over 3 years and predominantly affected: (i) B cells that did not express sIgM; (ii) sIgM + B cells co-expressing CD5 and CD11b; and (iii) equally both lambda- and K-type light chain B-cell subpopulations. In contrast, the number of all circulating lymphocytes, CD5- and CD11b- sIgM+ B cells and CD2+ T cells did not differ. In PL+ animals, about 75% of the PBL were sIgM+ CD5+ B cells. These cells were of polyclonal origin, as light chains of the lambda- and K-type were expressed in a ratio of 4:1 (57.7% of PBL lambda+, 14% kappa+) as in BLV- animals (33.6% of PBL lambda+, 8.7% kappa+). In PL+ cattle the absolute number of B-cells and, therefore, their relative percentage is significantly increased. For this reason, even in case of absolutely increased T-cell numbers, the relative percentage of T-cells could be lower than in normal controls. The cause for the observed B cell decrease in PL- cattle is unknown, but it can be assumed that cytotoxic T cells are involved in this B-cell lymphopenia.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Opipramol for the treatment of somatoform disorders results from a placebo-controlled trial.

Although somatoform disorders are highly prevalent, so far there is no established pharmacological treatment. Opipramol is a psychopharmacon widely prescribed in Germany. Early trials with opipramol showed the drug's effectiveness in anxiety states coupled with somatic complaints. Therefore, the efficacy of opipramol in somatoform disorders was evaluated using adequate clinical trial methods. A multicentre, randomized, 6-week, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in a total of 200 patients suffering from somatoform disorders according to ICD-10. In the main outcome criterion, the somatic subscore of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and in nearly all other outcome criteria opipramol (200 mg/day) was statistically more effective than placebo. A similar number of adverse events was noted in both groups. The results of this first-placebo-controlled study in somatoform disorders suggest efficacy of opipramol in this indication but need replication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Tissue-specific translational regulation of alternative rabbit 15-lipoxygenase mRNAs differing in their 3'-untranslated regions.

By screening a rabbit reticulocyte library, an alternative 15-LOX transcript of 3.6 kb (15-LOX mRNA2) was detected containing a 1019 nt longer 3'-untranslated region (UTR2) than the main 2.6 kb mRNA (15-LOX mRNA1). In anaemic animals, northern blotting showed that 15-LOX mRNA2 was predominantly expressed in non-erythroid tissues, whereas 15-LOX mRNA1 was exclusively expressed in red blood cells and bone marrow. The 15-LOX 3'-UTR2 mRNA2 contained a novel 8-fold repetitive CU-rich motif, 23 nt in length (DICE2). This motif is related but not identical to the 10-fold repetitive differentiation control element (DICE1) of 19 nt residing in the 15-LOX UTR1 mRNA1. DICE1 was shown to interact with human hnRNP proteins E1 and K, thereby inhibiting translation. From tissues expressing the long 15-LOX mRNA2, two to three unidentified polypeptides with molecular weights of 53-55 and 90-93 kDa which bound to DICE2 were isolated by RNA affinity chromatography. A 93 kDa protein from lung cytosol, which was selected by DICE2 binding, was able to suppress translational inhibition of 15-LOX mRNA2, but not of 15-LOX mRNA1, by hnRNP E1. A possible interaction between DICE1/DICE2 cis / trans factors in translational control of 15-LOX synthesis is discussed. Furthermore, the 3'-terminal part of the highly related rabbit leukocyte-type 12-LOX gene was analysed. Very similar repetitive CU-rich elements of the type DICE1 (20 repeats) and DICE2 (nine repeats) were found in the part corresponding to the 3'-UTR of the mRNA.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed1999

Pathogenic, antigenic and molecular properties of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) isolated from vaccinated rabbits: detection and characterization of antigenic variants.

Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) isolates were obtained from several animals previously vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine. Seven isolates were analyzed by immunological and molecular biological methods and compared to reference strains. Antigenic characterization with monoclonal antibodies as well as haemagglutination assays demonstrated considerable differences between individual isolates. However, sequencing of the capsid protein genes revealed a high degree of homology between five of these isolates and the reference strain FRG. In contrast, two isolates specified remarkably different capsid proteins with a degree of variation not observed so far in RHDV. Amino acid alterations were found clustered between residues 301 and 328 (region C), 344 and 434 (region E) and also in the 3' region of the capsid protein gene. Interestingly, experimental vaccination of rabbits followed by challenge with the heterologous variant strains showed restricted cross-protection against one of the strains. In summary, we found a level of antigenic variation not detected in RHDV so far, and describe two distinct new antigenic variants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Simultaneous expression of leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase and reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase in rabbits.

In rabbit reticulocytes an arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) is expressed at high yield. Rescreening a rabbit reticulocyte cDNA library for alternative 15-LOX transcripts, a full length cDNA which encodes a novel lipoxygenase was isolated. The predicted amino acid sequence of this enzyme shared a high degree (99%) of identity with the reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase. Among the six amino acid residues different in both enzymes a Phe-Leu exchange was detected at position 353. Recently, site-directed mutagenesis studies have revealed that this amino acid exchange converts a 15-lipoxygenase to a 12-lipoxygenase. In fact, when the novel enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli, mainly 12-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid was observed. The recombinant enzyme exhibited a rather broad substrate specificity. Various C-18 and C-20 polyenoic fatty acids and even complex substrates such as biomembranes were effectively oxygenated. Thus, the novel enzyme may be classified as leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase. Genomic polymerase chain reaction of the 3' region of the leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase gene indicated that introns 10 to 13 differed to about 10% from the corresponding sequences of the 15-lipoxygenase gene although their size and the intron-exon organization were very similar. In the 3'-untranslated region of the novel mRNA a C+U-rich, 20-fold repetitive element was found which appears to be highly related to the differentiation control element of the 15-lipoxygenase mRNA. Activity assays with a variety of cells and tissues prepared from normal rabbits suggested that only peripheral monocytes abundantly express the enzyme, suggesting a tissue-specific regulation of gene expression. These data indicate for the first time the co-expression of two separate genes for a reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase and for a leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase in one species. This is of importance for the implication of both enzymes in red blood cell development and atherogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Human bone bank allografts stimulate bone resorption and inhibit proliferation in cultures of human osteoblast-like cells.

Incorporation of a frozen human bone allograft requires osteoclast activity and ingrowth of recipient osteoblast precursors. We examined the effects of allografts on human osteoblasts. Allografts stimulated a release of factors from normal human osteoblast-like cells, capable of inducing osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo. Further allografts inhibited osteoblast proliferation in cultures. The response was detectable within 4 days of culture and was still present after 3 weeks. Devitalized bone autografts had a similar effect. This suggests that bone bank grafts may induce a resorptive reaction at the recipient site by stimulating release of factors from osteoblasts capable of inducing osteoclastic resorption. The storage temperature was crucial for preservation of the response, since the activity was lower in allografts stored for 6 months at -20 degrees C than in those stored at -80 degrees C.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Gunshot wounds in a historical light].

At the beginning of the Renaissance the advent of firearms really progressed. The injuries needed new methods of treatment. Due to the high incidence of infection and the theory of poisoning an increased interest to remove the bullets with probes and forceps was seen. However, improvement in the treatment did not occur until the middle of the 19th century, when anaesthesia and antiseptic were generally known. The Medical History Museum has the disposal of a representative selection of instruments to remove bullets from gunshot wounds. A description concerning their origin as well as function is given.

Denmark↗
PubMed1996

Use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of reticuloendotheliosis virus in Marek's disease vaccines and chicken tissues.

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) proviral DNA appears to be a frequent contaminant in Marek's disease (MD) vaccines. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was established and evaluated for its ability to detect REV proviral DNA in infected cell cultures and chicken tissues. Deoxynucleotide primers were selected from the highly conserved gag region of the REV genome. The amplification products were identified by electrophoresis, nested PCR and by hybridization with a digoxigenine-labelled oligonucleotide. The PCR results correlated well with the diagnosis obtained by conventional procedures, i.e. virus isolation or indirect immuno-fluorescence test (IIFT).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Application of the photoionization detector for the determination of ethanol in aqueous solutions and human breath.

A determination of ethanol is described, which is based on a purging system in conjunction with a photoionization detector. With that system a fast and reliable determination of ethanol in aqueous solutions is possible. The system has been used for the analysis of wine. The 3delta-detection limit has been 0.005% ethanol, the relative standard deviation 4.8 to 6.0% and the time constant of the entire analytical system 20 s. The photoionization detector has been also applied to the analysis of artificial and genuine human breath. A comparison with gas-chromatography and non-dispersive IR-detection has been proven the reliability of results.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

[From the collection of instruments at the Museum of medical history. Tourniquets and compressors].

This article calls attention to the extensiveness of our collection of instruments we have chosen to publish a description of the tourniquets and compressors. The era of these instruments is limited, that is to say from the discovery by Morel in 1674 to Esmarch about 1870. The many different types mentioned in the literature are richly represented. They are named after the originators, who were the great surgeons and instrumentmakers at that time. In the oldest existing list of the instruments dated from 1760 more of the tourniquets are recorded, others are included in a protocol dated 1875. A hand-written book with lecture-notes from 1860 shows evidence of the level of education in surgery.

Bandages↗
PubMed1994

Effect of adjuvant formulations on the induction of virus-neutralizing and virus-binding antibodies by chemosynthetic peptides of VP1 of foot-and-mouth-disease virus.

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the 141-160 amino acid sequence of the protein VP1 of virus type O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K) and A5 Riems (A5R) were conjugated to thyroglobulin and mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) together with Quil A. Although the peptide of A5R, together with IFA and Quil A, or with CFA, elicited a high antibody response to the virus in the ELISA, formula containing both IFA and Quil A induced only high titres of virus-neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. These adjuvant formulas did not display significant differences with regard to side effects.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1994

Bone banking in Denmark, results of a nationwide survey.

In a nationwide survey, all orthopaedic clinics were surveyed via a questionnaire about the use of bone allografts and how they managed their bone banks. Thirty-two clinics (100 per cent) responded to the questionnaire (mid 1991). Seventeen clinics had established bone banks on the basis of femoral heads obtained from donors during primary hip replacement. Only five used bone substitutes. The mean consumption was 30 capita per year (10-132) and ten clinics estimated an increasing demand for allografts. The storage method was by freezing at temperatures varying from minus 20 to minus 80 degrees Celsius. Contraindications to procurement comprised history of infection and malignancy, all clinics tested donors for HIV antibodies and all but one for hepatitis B. Testing for hepatitis C was about to be introduced. All but one clinic developed cultures from the procured bone. Informed consent was employed by nearly all clinics, but very few obtained written consent. Since this survey, revised recommendations have been directed from the Danish National Board of Health, these listing that an HIV-test should be performed with a 90-day interval, and that testing should also be done for hepatitis B and C. International experience and this survey show that the establishment of more specific and general national recommendations would be preferable to present practice.

Bone Banks↗
PubMed1993

[The pharmacokinetics of a new anti-arrhythmic substance, Z-2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenoneamidinohydrazone (AWD-G256)].

In 4 studies blood levels and metabolites of Z-2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenoneamidinohydrazoneacetate (AWD-G256) after different dosages and forms of application on patients and healthy volunteers were investigated. In addition the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The determination of pharmacokinetic parameters was possible only after i.v. application of dosages higher than 0.30 mg.kg-1 b.m. as well as p.o. administration of dosages higher than 100 mg. The blood level curve after i.v. application demonstrated a 2-compartment model and after p.o. application a 1-compartment model. Exact pharmacokinetic data can't be clear estimated with this studies.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical-electrophysiologic studies on the actions of the anti-arrhythmic substance AWD-G256 in man].

The effects of the new antiarrhythmic drug AWD-G256 (1) were investigated by clinical electrophysiology (His bundle electrography, programmed electrical stimulation) in 19 patients with supraventricular tachycardias but without structural heart disease. In a maximal dosage of 0.45 mg/kg body mass 1 only minimally affects electrophysiological parameters of the impulse formation and conduction. At this time the therapeutic value of 1 is not clear.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Hemodynamic effects and adverse effects of the anti-arrhythmic substance AWD-G256 in man].

In 19 patients with different supraventricular tachycardias the antiarrhythmic drug AWD-G256 was studied to investigate the effects on hemodynamic parameters. Over all, stroke volume, pulmonary pressure and systemic blood pressure were not significantly altered. The only main adverse effect was a transient rise of serum transaminases in two patients. We conclude that AWD-G256 is usually hemodynamically tolerated, but the antiarrhythmically effective dosage is not reached yet.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Drug use in pregnancy: east German data of an international collaborative study.

In an epidemiological collaborative international study under the auspices of WHO-Euro the drug use in pregnancy was investigated in 22 countries in 14,778 women and in hospitals of three different levels. The East German state Thuringia took part according to the annual birth rate with 300 women in 3 hospitals (Jena, Gera, Greiz). In the international average, 14% of the enrolled women took no drugs during pregnancy before admission to hospital for delivery. In East Germany 44% of the women taking part in the study had no drug administration during pregnancy. The critical use of iron preparations and vitamins there has to be mentioned. Under delivery, 99% of the Thuringian women received drugs. In the puerperium the administration of ergot derivatives and of laxatives exceeds the international average and has to be critically revised, but the administration of antiinfectives in only 1/5 and of analgetics 1/3 of the international average.

Drug Utilization↗