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Biomedical subjects

I Reid

Publications and source records attributed to I Reid.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Thyroid dysfunction can predict response to immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon-2 alpha.

Thyroid dysfunction is a well-recognised side-effect of treatment with interleukin-2 (IL2). We assessed the correlation between the development of abnormal thyroid function and tumour response in 13 patients receiving IL2 and interferon-2 alpha (IFN2 alpha) for advanced malignancy. Seven patients had normal thyroid function during treatment, and all of these patients have since died of progressive disease. Of six patients who did develop thyroid dysfunction during treatment, one patient has died of progressive disease. However, statistically we were unable to confirm a definite correlation between the development of thyroid dysfunction and survival in this small group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Piezoelectric lithotripsy and soft tissue injury. Safety limits in the experimental and clinical setting.

Controversy surrounds the capacity of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to cause soft tissue injury. This study examines the influence of different dosages of shock waves on the gall bladder in both humans and an animal model. Sixty one guinea pigs were divided into groups and subjected to different numbers of shock waves (6,000, 24,000, and 48,000) at different frequencies (2.5, 5.0, 10, 20 shock waves per second) and sacrificed at different intervals. Soft tissue damage after lithotripsy seemed to be related to the number of shock waves administered. In addition, repeated administration of low dose lithotripsy (at weekly intervals for six weeks) did not seem to produce a cumulative injury. Finally, in the animals sacrificed one month after receiving high dose lithotripsy, no soft tissue damage was evident, indicating satisfactory healing. Thirty patients were subjected to either high dose (36,000 shock waves) or low dose (6,000 shock waves) lithotripsy 24 hours before elective cholecystectomy. Both macroscopic and microscopic evidence of soft tissue injury were detected in a significantly higher percentage of patients who received a high dose in a single treatment (p less than 0.05). The group who received repeated low dose lithotripsy showed no evidence of cumulative injury. We conclude that low dose lithotripsy produces minimal soft tissue injury and is safe when repeated up to six times at weekly intervals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal cell calcium concentrations in cultured bone cells obtained from femurs of obese and noninsulin-dependent diabetic rats.

Cytoplasmic free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i was quantified in cultured bone cells with osteoblastic characteristics. The cells were obtained from femurs of obese (fa/fa) Wistar-Kyoto rats, from nonobese, noninsulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) Sprague Dawley rats, and from their appropriate controls. [Ca2+]i was also determined in bone cells obtained from in vivo insulin-treated NIDD rats. Obese (Wistar Kyoto) rats had increased body weight (313 +/- 13 vs. 249 +/- 4 g; P less than 0.01), decreased femur weights (0.68 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.89 +/- 0.05 g; P less than 0.05), similar glucose levels (148 +/- 5 vs. 139 +/- 3 mg/dl), and higher plasma insulin levels (6.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.7 +/- 0.1 ng/ml; P less than 0.01) when compared with their nonobese [(fa/+); (+/+)] littermates. Nonobese, NIDD rats, compared with their appropriate controls (nondiabetic Sprague Dawley rats) had higher plasma glucose levels (235 +/- 32 vs. 145 +/- 3 mg/dl; P less than 0.01) but their plasma insulins, body weights, and femur weights were similar to controls (0.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1 ng/ml; 302 +/- 4 vs. 318 +/- 14 g; 0.97 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.04 g, respectively). Long-term (4 weeks) daily insulin treatment (2 u/100 g) of the NIDD rats increased their plasma insulin (1.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.05) and body weight (369 +/- 13 g; P less than 0.05) but did not change their plasma glucose levels (225 +/- 5 mg/dl), or femur weights (0.98 +/- 0.4 g).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of phospholipase C activity of the plasma membrane and cytosol of an osteoblast-like cell line.

The properties of phospholipase C (PL-C) in the plasma membranes (PM) and the cytosol of osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells, UMR-106, were analyzed to see if separate enzymes or similar enzymes were involved in signalling, transduction, and arachidonate release. The cytosolic PL-C displayed substrate affinities in the order of phosphatidylinositol (PI) greater than phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PIP) or phosphatidylinoisitol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Hydrolysis of PI, PIP, and PIP2 by cytosolic PL-C was not affected by GTP or GTP gamma S and other nucleotides. PI hydrolysis by PM and cytosolic PL-C was undetectable in the presence of 500 microM EGTA and displayed two activity plateaus at various concentrations of Ca2+. The Km for Ca2+ in the PL-C activity of the first plateau was 0.08 microM. Significant hydrolysis of PIP2 by cytosolic PL-C was observed in the absence of Ca2+. In contrast to the enzyme(s) predominant in the cytosol, the order of substrate affinities for PM PL-C was PIP2 greater than PIP greater than PI. Only PIP2 hydrolysis by PM PL-C was stimulated by both GTP and GTP gamma S in a dose-dependent manner. PIP2 hydrolysis by PL-C of the PM was not observed in the absence of Ca2+, serving to further discriminate this enzyme activity from that of the cytosol. PIP2 hydrolysis by PL-C of the PM also was biphasic in the dependence on Ca2+. At resting cytosolic Ca2+ levels, the Vmax of the high affinity activity already had been achieved. Guanine nucleotide stimulation of PIP2 hydrolysis by PM PL-C was characterized by increased maximum activity with an unchanged Km for Ca2+ or for PIP2. The pH optimum of PIP2 hydrolysis was similar between cytosolic and PM forms of PL-C. PIP2 hydrolysis with production of IP3 (PL-C activity) in UMR-106 cells treated with [2-3H]-myoinositol was stimulated by PTH, and this stimulation was not inhibited by pertussis toxin. These data suggest that UMR-106 cells possess at least two distinct PL-C activities, one predominant in the cytosol and activated by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ with PI as the substrate. The second enzyme, a GTP-activated PIP2-specific PL-C in the plasma membranes may play an important role in hormone-induced PIP2 hydrolysis mediated through guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins and may participate in the hormonal regulation of osteoblast cytosolic Ca2+ and bone remodeling functions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Serum fructosamine in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Serum fructosamine was compared with other measures of blood glucose control in 11 non-diabetic volunteers, 14 type 1 and 14 type 2 diabetic patients. Estimates of mean plasma glucose concentrations for the 28 diabetic patients were made by nine physicians, based on their interpretation of historical data, home capillary blood glucose profiles, fasting and random plasma glucose and plasma lipid levels. Significant differences between estimated and measured mean glucose levels were apparent with a tendency for physicians to underestimate mean blood glucose in the hyperglycaemic range (glucose greater than 11 mmol/l). Fructosamine results on the same patients correlated linearly both with mean plasma glucose concentrations (r = 0.86, p less than 0.001) and with glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r = 0.93, p less than 0.001) and correctly classified diabetes control in most patients. Despite marked fluctuations of plasma glucose concentration, serum fructosamine levels measured at different times of the day did not alter significantly. We conclude that a random serum sample analysed for fructosamine provides a simple and reliable means to measure the efficacy of therapy and often provides information superior to clinical assessment of diabetic control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Gangrenous colitis in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome.

The cases of two children with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) in whom clinical signs of intussusception necessitated emergency surgical intervention are reported. Both patients had bilateral renal cortical necrosis and haemorrhagic gangrenous colitis; both subsequently died. The early recognition and appropriate management of HUS is advocated.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1982

Revascularization of the leg using polytetrafluoroethylene: cumulative patency in patients with claudication and limb salvage.

Of 196 polytetrafluoroethylene bypass grafts in the leg, 113 were placed in the femoropopliteal and 83 in the femorotibial or femoroperoneal position. Claudication was the indication for 31 percent of the grafts, and 67 percent were done for limb salvage. Cumulative patency rates calculated by the life-table method for the femoropopliteal grafts were 66 percent at 1 year, 53 percent at 2 years, and 49 percent at 3 years. Corresponding patency rates for the femorotibial or peroneal grafts were 48, 44, and 36 percent, respectively. An analysis of factors influencing graft patency indicated that the best results were obtained with femoropopliteal grafts done for claudication in the presence of good distal runoff and grafts placed in limbs without previously failed grafts. Graft occlusion was most likely in distal bypasses for limb salvage and limbs with previously failed grafts. It is concluded that alternatives to PTFE bypass should be considered in those patients at greatest risk for graft occlusion. In patients who lack a satisfactory saphenous vein but who must have a bypass graft, polytetrafluoroethylene is an acceptable arterial substitute; however, thrombectomy or revision will be required to maintain patency in a high proportion of cases.

Actuarial Analysis↗