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Biomedical subjects

I Redlund-Johnell

Publications and source records attributed to I Redlund-Johnell.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Realignment and surgical fixation of atlanto-axial and subaxial dislocations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

One hundred consecutive patients with atlanto-axial dislocation(s) were subjected to posterior occipito-cervical fusion and followed up to 16 1/2 years postoperatively (mean: 4 1/2 years). The mean age at surgery was 60.3 years. At the time of follow-up, 45 patients had died, mostly due to cardiopulmonary disease. Out of the 100 patients, 67% showed a major improvement and in an additional 14% there was a slight or moderate improvement. Some patients with a stable fusion later developed subaxial dislocation(s) necessitating an anterior fusion which in patients with RA is difficult due to poor bone quality. MRI revealed pannus formation around the odontoid peg in many patients, in several to such a degree that cord compression was evident. Following the posterior fixation, the pannus disappeared or was reduced which may at least partly explain the generally favourable operative outcome following the fixation procedure. Early occipito-cervical fusion appears to prevent further vertical dislocation or upwards migration of the odontoid which is a more severe condition, and does not appear to result in increased incidence of subsequent subaxial dislocation(s). Such luxation(s) pose a technically difficult problem since the quality of the patients' own bone usually does not permit a common anterior fusion procedure with autologous graft. In such cases with cord compression, acrylic cement may be used to obtain a normalized realignment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changes in incidence and prevalence of vertebral fractures during 30 years.

The age and sex-specific incidence and prevalence of vertebral compression fractures were compared between the 1950s and 1980s in an urban population. In women over 80 years of age the incidence of symptomatic vertebral fractures has increased approximately four times; in elderly men even more. Mainly, low-energy trauma has caused these fractures. Thus, one clinical manifestation of osteoporosis--vertebral fracture--has increased in number, incidence, and prevalence over the last 30 years.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Upper airway obstruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and temporomandibular joint destruction.

Among 400 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and measurable ramus height there were 76 patients with mutilating arthritis of the temporomandibular joints. In 30 of these 400 patients, episodes of upper airway obstruction had occurred, mostly when the patient lay supine. Laryngoscopy had been performed in only 7 patients, and in 3 of those a laryngeal arthritis was detected. Upper airway obstruction had occurred significantly more often in patients with arthritis of the temporomandibular joints than in those with normal joints. In 70% of the patients with a severe arthritic destruction of the temporomandibular joints, episodes of airway obstruction had occurred. Upper airway obstruction is assumed to occur in those patients due to a pharyngeal obstruction, as in other patients with micrognathia or sleep apnea syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Changes in the incidence of fracture of the upper end of the humerus during a 30-year period. A study of 2125 fractures.

The incidence of fracture of the upper end of the humerus by age group and sex was studied for a 32-year period from 1950 to 1982. The following numbers of humeral fractures occurred: 1950-1954, 411 fractures; 1961-1964, 552 fractures; 1971-1973, 639 fractures; and 1981-1982, 523 fractures. There was a progressive increase in the age-related incidence in older persons, especially in women. There was a higher incidence of fractures classified as severe in the 1980s compared with the 1950s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ankle fractures.

The results of three separate studies on ankle fractures are presented. Clinical information is provided concerning the epidemiology and a comparison of closed versus open treatment, and a discussion is presented concerning what results can be expected 30 years after closed treatment for an ankle fracture.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Supination-eversion fractures of the ankle joint: changes in incidence over 30 years.

The sex- and age-specific incidence has been calculated for ankle fractures from the first part of the 1950s and compared with the 1980s, a 30-year interval. The fractures were also classified according to Lauge-Hansen. Altogether 1784 fractures were found. During that time interval ankle fractures had become more common, particularly those with extensive skeletal involvement, such as the stage IV supination-eversion fractures, which today have an incidence pattern more typical of a fragility fracture in elderly women.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Severe rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joints and its coincidence with severe rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine.

The degree of arthritis of the cervical spine was retrospectively studied in cervical spine radiographs from 400 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the same cervical radiographs the arthritic destruction of the temporomandibular joints was measured as diminished ramal height from the mandibular angle to the palato-occipital line. Reduced ramal height was found in 76 patients, 69 women and 7 men, and in 33 patients the reduction in height was severe enough to be compatible with a total destruction of the mandibular head. An arthritic destruction of the temporomandibular joints occurred significantly more often in patients with a severe cervical arthritis than in those without cervical affection, and vice versa. Of the 76 patients with a reduced ramal height, 66% had a severe arthritis of the cervical spine and of the 100 patients with severe arthritic changes of the cervical spine, 50% had severe destructive arthritis of the temporomandibular joints.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Radiographic measurements of severe temporomandibular joint destruction at cervical radiography. Designed for evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Radiological examinations of the temporomandibular joints are not so often performed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, greater abnormalities of the mandibular head and neck may be evaluated at cervical radiography. With a new method, where the perpendicular distance from the palato-occipital line to the mandibular angle was measured, normal values of the distance or of ramal height were found to be above 27.5 mm in women and 33 mm in men. A significantly diminished ramal height was found in a patient material with RA compared with a normal material. Minor changes of the temporomandibular joints cannot be detected with this method, but severe arthritic destruction of the mandibular head or neck will give subnormal values.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

The costoclavicular joint.

Two patients with a costoclavicular joint were discovered by chance during a survey of cervical spines. These seem to be the first to be described in the radiological literature. No other case was found in a further review of 500 consecutive spine radiographs. The costoclavicular joint is a variant of the ligamentous connection between the medial part of the clavicle and the first rib.

Clavicle↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of ankle fracture 1950 and 1980. Increasing incidence in elderly women.

During 1980-82, 739 ankle fractures occurred in Malmö. These were compared with 383 ankle fractures occurring in 1950-52. In men there was an increase in the age-specific incidence up to the age of 60, especially in fractures of the lateral malleolus. In women there was an increase in the age-specific incidence above the age of 50, both in lateral malleolar fractures and, even more pronounced, in bi- and tri- malleolar fractures.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Increasing incidence of tibia condyle and patella fractures.

The age and sex specific incidence of tibial condyle fractures and patellar fractures were compared between 1950-55 and 1980-83 in the urban population of Malmö. In elderly women there was an increased incidence over these 30 years for both fracture types.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Lower limb fractures and registration for alcoholism.

During two consecutive years 607 individuals with lower limb fractures were diagnosed. Half of the individuals, 315, were women and only 14 of them had an earlier registration for alcoholism. In the 292 men, however, 73 men or 25%, had been registered at the Department of Alcohol Diseases at least once during the 13 years of observation, the highest registration frequency (30%) was noted in the malleolar fractures in men. In males, 30-50 years of age, there were 37 per cent who had a registration for alcoholism, the highest registration (44%) was noted for fracture of the tibial diaphysis. Males with fracture of the proximal end of the femur between 16-80 years of age were registered for alcoholism in 23%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Subaxial antero-posterior dislocation of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.

A subaxial (below C2) antero-posterior dislocation of the cervical spine was present in 18% of 407 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The dislocation was as common at only one level as at two more levels and was more severe if the height of the spinous process was reduced. Most of these same patients also had an atlanto-axial dislocation. At follow-up examinations, the frequency of a subaxial dislocation was the same in patients with a severe atlanto-axial dislocation who were receiving conservative treatment as in patients with a cervico-occipital fusion. Neurological symptoms occurred more frequently in patients with an encroached spinal canal and in patients with a reduced height of the entire cervical spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Subaxial caudal dislocation of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis.

Subaxial (below the C 2) caudal dislocation is in the present study defined as a complete or partial dislocation caudally of a vertebral body (C 3 or below) into the plane of a lower vertebral body. In rheumatoid arthritis this dislocation is combined with erosive lesions of the vertebral bodies. In the present retrospective study seven such cases are presented. All were middle-aged or elderly women with a long history of disease and all also had a horizontal dislocation at the same level. Two patients had this dislocation at more than one level of the cervical spine and in two patients there was encroachment on the spinal canal. Most patients also had dislocations at the atlanto-axial level. Neurologic sequelae were rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Radiographic measurements of the cranio-vertebral region. Designed for evaluation of abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis.

A new method of measuring vertical dislocation of the C1 and C2 vertebra in rheumatoid arthritis is presented based on the distance from the lower end plate of C2 to the palato -occipital or McGregor 's line. In a normal material the distance was found to be 34 mm or more in men and 29 mm or more in women. A value below these limits should be regarded as vertical dislocation. In the same normal material the value according to the McGregor method was found to be 9 mm or less in both sexes. In a combined material consisting of healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis a good correlation between the two measurement methods was found. The new method has the advantage of giving a measurable value also in cases with advanced dislocations and an undiscernible dens and of giving a correct value in cases with erosions and destruction of the dens.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Vertical dislocation of the C1 and C2 vertebrae in rheumatoid arthritis.

In a retrospective analysis of 450 patients with rheumatoid arthritis the cervical films were reviewed to detect vertical dislocation of the C1 and C2 vertebrae. A frequency of 10 per cent was found among all patients and of 24 per cent among those with cervical arthritis. The authors' method of measuring vertical dislocation at conventional radiography turned out to be superior to the method of McGregor , especially in cases with severe dislocation. The vertical dislocation was shown to be preceded by a horizontal dislocation and the appearance of vertical dislocation diminished or abolished the horizontal dislocation. Progression occurred in many cases and was combined with erosions of the atlas and axis. In more than half of the patients there was also contemporaneously a subaxial dislocation. Neurologic symptoms were more often occurring in patients with a severe vertical dislocation and in patients with spinal stenosis at the C1 level.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Atlanto-occipital dislocation in rheumatoid arthritis.

Four cases of atlanto-occipital dislocation are described. Two of the cases were found in a material of 407 patients with rheumatoid arthritis indicating a frequency of 0.5 per cent. All the patients had severe mutilating changes of the peripheral joints as well as of the cervical spine and all developed severe neurologic symptoms. The diagnosis is not easy to set on conventional films so conventional tomography or rather computed tomography is recommended.

Aged↗