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Biomedical subjects

I Persson

Publications and source records attributed to I Persson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparative antimicrobial activity of the new macrolide flurithromycin against respiratory pathogens.

The activity of flurithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Branhamella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by the agar dilution method. Flurithromycin showed high activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Branhamella catarrhalis (MIC90 = 0.032-0.25 mg/l). Its MIC90 value against Haemophilus influenzae strains was 4.0 mg/l and 16 mg/l against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Flurithromycin has promising antibacterial activity which warrants clinical trials.

Erythromycin↗
PubMed1988

Risk factors for breast and endometrial cancer in a cohort of women treated with menopausal oestrogens.

A matched case-control study was undertaken with the aim of determining the presence of several risk factors for breast and endometrial cancer in a cohort of women--recruited from a defined geographical area of Sweden--who had received at least one oestrogen prescription for menopausal symptoms. A mailed questionnaire was answered by 653 (88.8%) of 735 women sampled from the cohort (cases) and 952 (76.8%) of 1240 women sampled from the background population (controls) and these respondents formed the basis of the analyses. The prevalence rates of oophorectomy and hysterectomy were significantly higher among oestrogen-treated women than in the background population, 10.7% versus 2.6% (odds ratio (OR) = 5.1, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 3.1-8.5) and 19.0% versus 7.3% (OR = 2.7, Cl 1.9-3.8), respectively. Higher theoretical education entailed a more than twofold increase in the risk of receiving oestrogen treatment, compared with women with less than eight years at school. Women who had a first degree relative with breast cancer ran a relative risk of receiving oestrogen therapy of 0.6 (Cl 0.4-0.9) whereas the risk for women with a prior breast biopsy was 1.4 (Cl 1.0-2.1). For all other variables studied, ie diabetes, hypertension, age at menarche, age at first livebirth, nulliparity, age at menopause, height and weight, there were no statistically significant differences between the cohort of oestrogen-treated women and the background population. We conclude that the difference in the prevalence of hysterectomy has to be taken into account when calculating the risk of endometrial cancer in the cohort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

On the age-dependent association between cancer of the breast and of the endometrium. A nationwide cohort study.

The association between breast and endometrial cancer was investigated in a cohort consisting of 60,065 subjects (99% of all women in whom a first breast cancer was diagnosed in Sweden in 1960-63 and 1968-81). Complete follow-up until 1981 revealed a total of 260 endometrial cancers, as against an expected number of 151.1 (relative risk (RR) = 1.72; 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.46; 1.87). RR increased steadily from close to unity in women younger than 50 at breast cancer diagnosis to 2.40 (CL 1.97; 2.93) in those 70 years of age and older. The excess number of endometrial cancers occurred primarily during the first five years of follow-up (RR = 2.07; CL 1.79; 2.38). A common causal agency for breast and endometrial cancer is more likely to lie in environmental than in genetic factors and other observations in the same population do not support that such factors are related to characteristics of the women's reproductive histories.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reliability of women's histories of climacteric oestrogen treatment assessed by prescription forms.

A questionnaire study conducted in a cohort of women who had been prescribed oestrogen treatment for climacteric symptoms provided a unique opportunity to assess the concordance between their histories of oestrogen use and the exposure data derived from the prescription forms that had been collected for recruitment of the cohort. The questionnaire information, which was gathered within three years after the registration of prescription forms, was found to be highly concordant with the prescription data with respect to name of brand (85%), dosage (88%), treatment schedule--cyclic versus continuous--(88%), total duration of drug intake (months of treatment; correlation coefficient 0.98) and time of start of medication (correct month in 85%). A method for estimating the true exposure on the basis of prescription data--taking into account non-compliance and non-registered forms--was developed and found to be reproducible. It was concluded that information on climacteric oestrogen intake could be reliably obtained through a questionnaire within a period of less than three years after the exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Demands on surgical inpatient services after mass mammographic screening.

The changes in the demand for surgical inpatient care created by mammographic screening for breast cancer were analysed by comparing two counties, one with and one without a mass screening campaign. A comprehensive computerised register of inpatient care in the region was used. The results indicate that population based screening offered to women above 40 years and repeated every two to three years will increase the number of operations required for breast cancer and inpatient days by at least 150% during the initial screening round. During the second round the figures tend to return to previous levels. Of decisive importance for the demands on health service resources are the specificity of screening, the duration of the first screening round, and the age groups included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The relation between survival and age at diagnosis in breast cancer.

We analyzed the relation between age at diagnosis and relative survival (ratio of observed to expected survival) in 57,068 women in Sweden in whom breast cancer was diagnosed in 1960 to 1978 (about 98 percent of all cases). Women who were 45 to 49 years old had the best prognosis, with a relative survival exceeding that of the youngest patients (less than 30 years) by 7.6 to 12.9 percent at different periods of observation. Relative survival declined markedly after the age of 49--particularly in women aged 50 to 59--and the oldest women (greater than 75) had the worst rate. The difference in relative survival between those older than 75 and those 45 to 49 increased from 8.6 percent at 2 years to 12.2, 20.3, and 27.5 percent after 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up, respectively. The long-term annual mortality rate due to breast cancer approached 1 to 2 percent at the premenopausal ages but exceeded 5 percent throughout the period of observation in the oldest age group. An understanding of the biologic basis for the complex relation between age and prognosis might provide a better understanding of the natural history of breast cancer in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Temporal trends in breast cancer survival in Sweden: significant improvement in 20 years.

Of all women with a newly diagnosed breast cancer diagnosed in 1960-78 in Sweden, 57,068 (98%) were included in a complete follow-up during 1-19 years of observation. The 5-year mortality attributable to breast cancer was reduced by 29% from the period 1960-64 to 1975-78, which corresponded to an increase in relative survival by 10.5% (95% confidence limits, 7.2 and 13.8). There was a highly significant and regular trend during the study period toward a decrease in the annual hazard rate; this was confined to the first 4-5 years after diagnosis. The temporal trend toward improved survival was apparent in all age groups, but it was of lower magnitude among women younger than 45 years old.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reliability of endometrial cancer diagnoses in a Swedish Cancer Registry--with special reference to classification bias related to exogenous estrogens.

In this study, various qualitative aspects of endometrial cancer diagnoses were critically evaluated regarding cases included in the Swedish Cancer Registry from the Uppsala Health Care Region. By comparing the number of such cases in the registry with cases reported directly from the departments of pathology and of gynecological oncology in the same region, it was found that approximately 5% of all incident cases had not been notified to the registry. An independent histopathological review of the original specimens showed that almost 9% of the cases did not represent an endometrial neoplastic lesion, the majority of these being reclassified as uterine sarcoma. The review also revealed the problem of a diagnostic bias that might arise in connection with estrogen exposure, in that a significantly higher proportion of the cases observed in a cohort of women who had received estrogen prescriptions were reclassified as a premalignant endometrial lesion than of the cases from the background population without estrogen exposure (33% versus 10%). Additional independent reviews of cases showing discordant diagnoses in the primary review indicated variability in diagnostic criteria among pathologists. It is concluded that when cancer registry data are employed in epidemiological studies of endometrial cancer, the use of additional sources of case recruitment is desirable in order to obtain a complete material; also that an independent histopathological review is necessary to standardize diagnostic criteria and thereby to avoid a classification bias.

Estrogens↗
PubMed1986

Climacteric symptoms and estrogen replacement therapy in women with endometrial carcinoma.

A case-control study was undertaken to investigate the influence of exogenous estrogens and climacteric symptoms on the risk of developing endometrial carcinoma. The study comprised 254 women with newly diagnosed endometrial carcinoma, resident in a defined geographical area, and 254 age-matched population controls. Treatment with estrogens for 4 years or longer was significantly more common among patients than among controls (odds ratio = 4.5; 95% confidence limit (CL) = 1.2-17.3). A history of climacteric symptoms was reported by significantly fewer patients than controls (odds ratio = 0.5; 95% CL = 0.3-0.7) and this difference was shown to be independent of weight. The decrease in risk associated with climacteric symptoms was limited to women younger than 70 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Age as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.

Long-term survival was evaluated in a total of 12,319 women with first breast cancer, comprising 94.9% of virtually all women with first breast cancers diagnosed in Sweden in 1959 through 1963. After correction for the expected mortality, it was found that age at diagnosis was an important predictor of the probability of escaping the risk of dying of breast cancer (relative survival), with a regular trend toward a more favorable course in younger women. This difference between the age groups is apparent as early as 5 years after diagnosis and increases throughout the period of observation. Thus the relative 20-year survival rates +/- 95% confidence limits were 51.3 +/- 3.8%, 41.2 +/- 3.4%, 34.2 +/- 3.8%, and 16.6 +/- 6.3% at ages 40 through 44, 50 through 54, 60 through 69, and 70 through 79 years, respectively. Patients younger than 40 years diverged from the general trend, with a survival rate of 44.1 +/- 4.6% at 20 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The risk of endometrial and breast cancer after estrogen treatment. A review of epidemiological studies.

Estrogen treatment of climacteric women has been found to be associated with a substantially increased risk of endometrial cancer and a possible slight excess risk of breast cancer. Numerous retrospective case-control studies, reported mainly in the United States, have provided evidence of a causal link between the use of estrogens and the development of endometrial cancer. The magnitude of the risk increase has been shown to be correlated with characteristics of the exposure, chiefly the duration of treatment and the presence of certain host factors in the patient, e.g. obesity and late menopause. Cases of endometrial cancer occurring after estrogen exposure were shown to have favorable tumor characteristics and excellent survival rates. The early results from a prospective cohort study have indicated that estrogen therapy, as practised in Sweden, is associated only with an excess risk of premalignant endometrial changes and that the addition of progestogens might exert a protective effect. The risk of breast cancer after estrogen therapy has been studied in both retrospective and prospective investigations. In the majority of these studies no evidence of an increased risk has been found. However, in two case-control and two follow-up studies the risk estimates were slightly but significantly raised in association with long-term and high-dose exposure.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

Long-term survival in endometrial cancer with special reference to age as a prognostic factor.

Long-term survival was evaluated in 13 586 patients with cancer of the endometrium, constituting 97% of all cases diagnosed in Sweden 1960-1978. Survival rates corrected for the expected mortality revealed that age at diagnosis is an important predictor of prognosis, with a constant trend towards a more favourable course in younger women. Thus, the cumulative relative 15-year survival rates +/- 95% confidence limits were 90 (86.1-93.7)%, 89 (87.4-91.3)%, 72 (68.9-74.3)%, 50 (44.9-54.7)% and 32 (18.3-45.6)% at ages 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and 75+ years respectively. Patients younger than 55 years deviated from the general pattern by having an excellent survival and virtually no excess mortality after 7 years of observation.

Adult↗