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I P Bissett

Publications and source records attributed to I P Bissett.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: the Australasian experience.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this project was to establish and maintain an internet-based database of all ileal pouch procedures performed in major centres in Australasia. METHOD: The initial three colorectal units contributing data are Auckland, northern Brisbane and Central Sydney Area Health Service. A web-based database was designed. The data collection method was tested on a subgroup of 20 patients to ensure functionality. Data were collected in five main categories: patient demographics, preoperative data, operative details, postoperative complications and functional results. RESULTS: Initial data are presented for 516 patients [363 J, (70%), 133 W (26%), 16 S pouches (3%)]. There were two deaths within 30 days (0.4%). The anastomotic leak rate overall, in handsewn (HSA) and stapled anastomoses (SA) respectively was 5.0%, 8.5% and 3.3% (P=0.02 for difference HSA vs SA). Incidence of pouchitis was 20% (ulcerative colitis 23%, Crohn's disease 20%, indeterminate colitis 22%, familial adenomatous polyposis 9%). Incidence of anal stricture requiring intervention (11% overall) was significantly greater in HSAs than in SAs (16%vs 9%, P=0.02). Incidence of small bowel obstruction at any time postoperatively was 16%. Functional data were available for 234 patients. The median frequency of bowel actions during waking hours was significantly less in W pouches than in J pouches (four vs five, P=0.0005). CONCLUSION: A national web-based database has been developed for access by all Australasian colorectal units. Initial Australasian data compare favourably with other international studies. Pouchitis continues to be a long-term problem. The leak rate and rate of late anal stricture requiring a procedure are higher if the anastomosis is handsewn rather than stapled. Functional results are better with the W pouch than with the J pouch.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2006

A novel model used to compare water-perfused and solid-state anorectal manometry.

BACKGROUND: Anal pressures are commonly measured using water-perfused and solid-state manometers. We constructed a dynamic model of the anus to compare the agreement and reproducibility of the two types of manometers. METHODS: The model system was constructed using a pig anorectum together with an inflatable bowel sphincter. The pig anorectum was mounted on a jig and the sphincter was inserted external to the internal sphincter. The sphincter pressure was adjusted over the range 20 to 185 mmHg. At each of 24 constant sphincter pressures, triplicate readings were carried out with both manometers. The first measurement by each method was used for the comparison. The replicate measurements were used to calculate measures of repeatability for each method. RESULTS: Measurements by the two manometers were highly correlated (r=0.97). Measurements by the solid state manometer were higher than the water-perfused manometer by 8.1+/-12.2 mmHg (mean+/-SD). Precision (coefficient of variation) for the solid-state manometer (2.8%) was better than for the water-perfused manometer (8.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The new model of the anal canal shows promise as a tool for assessing physiological interventions. The solid-state manometer has many advantages over the water-perfused manometer, providing more consistent measurements at clinically relevant pressures.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of knowledge and anxiety level of patients visiting the colorectal pelvic floor clinic.

OBJECTIVE: Discussing defaecating disorders is difficult for patients and many view anal physiology investigations (ultrasound, manometry, electromyography and pudendal nerve studies) as distasteful. This pilot study sought to assess whether present information sheets supplied to patients and the visit to the colorectal Pelvic Floor Clinic itself influenced patients' knowledge and anxiety. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty Pelvic Floor Clinic patients from Auckland City Hospital were included. Each patient filled in a questionnaire before and after the clinic. This included objective questions about their knowledge of the structure and function of the pelvic floor and satisfaction with and understanding of the information sheet. Both visual analogue scale (VAS) and multiple choice questions (MCQ) were used. Their subjective and objective knowledge were compared. Anxiety was assessed on a visual analogue anxiety scale (VAAS). Results were expressed as VAS scores or percentage correct and relationships were tested using Fisher's Exact test and paired T-test. RESULTS: Subjective knowledge increased in 93% of the patients. The doctor's explanation led to a greater increase in subjective knowledge than the information sheet (35/100 mm, P<0.001 and 10/100 mm, P=0.01, respectively). Subjective improvement in knowledge did not however, translate into an increase in objective knowledge (P=0.63). The information sheet was read by 87% of the patients. The information sheet had reduced anxiety only in 23% of the patients and increased in 10%. Anxiety levels were not significantly influenced by the information sheet, but reduced significantly by the clinic visit in 87% of patients (P<0.001). The mean anxiety level reduced from 44/100 to 12/100 after the clinic visit. CONCLUSION: Anxiety levels are high in those visiting the Pelvic Floor Clinic. It appears that it is the interaction with the doctor that has a profound influence on anxiety levels and subjective knowledge rather than written information.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2005

Oral water soluble contrast for the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND: Adhesions are the leading cause of small bowel obstruction. Most adhesive small bowel obstructions resolve following conservative treatment but there is no consensus as to when conservative treatment should be considered unsuccessful and the patient should undergo surgery. Studies have shown that failure of an oral water-soluble contrast to reach the colon after a designated time indicates complete intestinal obstruction that is unlikely to resolve with conservative treatment. Other studies have suggested that the administration of water-soluble contrast is therapeutic in resolving the obstruction. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this review are:1. To determine the reliability of water-soluble contrast media and serial abdominal radiographs in predicting the success of conservative treatment in patients admitted with adhesive small bowel obstruction.2. To determine the efficacy and safety of water-soluble contrast media in reducing the need for surgical intervention and reducing hospital stay in adhesive small bowel obstruction. SEARCH STRATEGY: The search was conducted using MeSH terms: ''Intestinal obstruction'', ''water-soluble contrast'', "Adhesions" and "Gastrografin", and combined with the Cochrane Collaboration highly sensitive search strategy for identifying randomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: 1. Prospective studies (to evaluate the diagnostic potential of water-soluble contrast in adhesive small bowel obstruction);2. Randomised clinical trials (to evaluate the therapeutic role). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: 1. Studies addressing the diagnostic role of water-soluble contrast were critically appraised and data presented as sensitivities, specificities and positive and negative likelihood ratios. Results were pooled and summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. 2. A meta-analysis of the data from therapeutic studies was performed using the Mantel -Haenszel test using both the fixed effect and random effects model. MAIN RESULTS: The appearance of water-soluble contrast in the caecum on an abdominal radiograph within 24 hours of its administration predicts resolution of an adhesive small bowel obstruction with a pooled sensitivity of 0.96, specificity of 0.96. The area under the curve of the summary ROC was 0.98. Four randomised studies dealing with the therapeutic role of Gastrografin were included in the review, water-soluble contrast did not reduce the need for surgical intervention (odds ratio 1.29, P = 0.36). Meta-analysis of two studies showed that water-soluble contrast reduced hospital stay compared with placebo (weighted mean difference = - 2.58) P = 0.004. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Published literature strongly supports the use of water-soluble contrast as a predictive test for non-operative resolution of adhesive small bowel obstruction. Although Gastrografin does not cause resolution of small bowel obstruction, it does appear to reduce hospital stay.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Long-term results of the anterior Délorme's operation in the management of symptomatic rectocele.

PURPOSE: Although the results of surgery for symptomatic rectocele seem satisfactory initially, there is a trend toward deterioration with time. This study was designed to assess the long-term outcome of Anterior Délorme's operation for rectocele. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to all females who had Anterior Délorme's operation performed in Auckland between 1990 and 2000. The questionnaires included obstructed defecation symptoms and a validated fecal incontinence severity index questionnaire and fecal incontinence quality of life questionnaire. Preoperative and postoperative obstructed defecation symptoms and incontinence score were compared. RESULTS: A total of 150 females (mean age, 56 (range, 30-83) years) who had an Anterior Délorme's operation for a rectocele were identified. One hundred seven patients (71.5 percent; mean age, 56 years) completed the questionnaire. Median follow-up was four (range, 2-11) years. The number of patients with obstructed defecation reduced from 87 preoperatively to 23 postoperatively using Rome II criteria (P < 0.0001). Postoperatively there was a reduction in the number of patients with each of the symptoms of obstructed defecation from 83 to 27 for straining, 87 to 33 for incomplete emptying, 64 to 14 for feeling of blockage, 41 to 10 for digitation (P < 0.0001 for all). The median incontinence score reduced from 20 of 61 preoperatively to 12 of 61 postoperatively (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with symptomatic rectocele, Anterior Délorme's operation provides long-term benefit for patients with obstructed defecation and leads to a significant improvement of incontinence scores.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Surgical technique and survival in patients having a curative resection for colon cancer.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether the adoption of a standardized technique for resection of colon cancer, based on mobilization along anatomic planes, resulted in improved survival after adjustment for other known prognostic factors. METHODS: Patients undergoing a potentially curative, elective colonic resection at Concord Hospital from 1971 to 1995 were included. None received adjuvant therapy. Data were recorded prospectively. Overall survival and colon-cancer-specific survival were examined by the Kaplan-Meier method and proportional-hazards regression in relation to patient and tumor characteristics and the introduction of a standardized surgical technique in 1980. RESULTS: Overall five-year survival rose from 48.1 percent before 1980 to 63.7 percent after 1980 (P < 0.0001); cancer-specific survival rose from 66.4 percent to 76.6 percent (P = 0.002). Factors that did not change significantly before and after 1980 were patient age and gender, tumor site, stage, grade, serosal surface involvement, and apical node metastases. The proportion of tumors > or =5 cm in diameter decreased after 1980 (61.9 to 49.2 percent, P = 0.001) but survival was unrelated to size. Venous invasion rose after 1980 (9 to 15.8 percent, P = 0.014). Multiple regression with adjustment for age, stage, grade, venous invasion, serosal surface involvement, and apical node metastases showed significantly shorter overall survival before the introduction of the standardized technique (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2-1.8) and significantly shorter colon-cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.3-2.2). The proportion of patients having a noncurative operation because of residual tumor in a line of resection (excluded from the survival analyses) fell from 10.6 percent (confidence interval, 7-15.3 percent) before 1980 to 3.2 percent (confidence interval, 2-4.9 percent) after 1980. CONCLUSION: As in rectal cancer surgery, mobilization of the colon along anatomic planes is an important principle that influences outcome and needs to be emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Identification of the fascia propria by magnetic resonance imaging and its relevance to preoperative assessment of rectal cancer.

UNLABELLED: If rectal cancer does not penetrate the fascia propria of the rectum and the rectum is removed with the fascial envelope intact (extrafascial excision), then local recurrence of the cancer will be minimal. Modern imaging techniques have identified a fascial plane surrounding the rectum and mesorectum, and it has been suggested that this is the fascia propria. The aim of this study was to identify whether this plane is the rectal fascia propria and whether tumor invasion through this fascia can be identified preoperatively. METHODS: Two separate experiments were performed: 1) pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after dissection and marking of the plane of extrafascial dissection of the rectum of a cadaver; and 2) magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 43 rectal cancer patients preoperatively. Two radiologists independently reported the depth of tumor invasion in relation to the fascia propria. The tumors were resected by extrafascial excision, and a pathologist independently reported the relation of the tumor to the fascia propria. RESULTS: The marker inserted in the extrafascial plane showed that the plane visualized on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was the fascia propria dissected in extrafascial excision of the rectum. The magnetic resonance imaging detected tumor penetration through the fascia propria with a sensitivity of 67 percent, a specificity of 100 percent, and an accuracy of 95 percent. CONCLUSION: The surgical fascia propria can be identified on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging in patients with rectal cancer. Tumor invasion through this fascia can be detected on magnetic resonance imaging. This method of assessment offers a new way to select those patients who require preoperative radiotherapy.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2000

Preoperative staging of rectal cancer.

With the widespread introduction of preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer and the development of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for selected early lesions, preoperative radiological staging of these tumours has taken on increasing importance. This study is a systematic review to evaluate computed tomography (CT), endorectal sonography (ES) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as preoperative staging modalities in rectal cancer. A Medline-based search identifying studies using CT, ES, or MRI in preoperative staging of rectal cancer between 1980 and 1998 was undertaken. The list of papers was supplemented by extensive cross-checking of citation lists. Studies were included if they met predetermined criteria. Data from the accepted studies were entered into pooled tables comparing radiological and pathological staging results for each modality both in determining bowel wall penetration and involvement of lymph nodes. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were determined for the pooled results. Eighty-three studies from 78 papers including 4,897 patients met the inclusion criteria. In determining the wall penetration of the tumour the values for sensitivity for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil were 78%, 93%, 86% and 89%; for specificity 63%, 78%, 77% and 79%; and for accuracy 73%, 87%, 82% and 84%, respectively. In determining the nodal involvement by tumour the sensitivity values for CT, ES, MRI and MRI with endorectal coil 52%, 71%, 65% and 82%; for specificity 78%, 76%, 80% and 83%; and for accuracy 66%, 74%, 74% and 82%, respectively. MRI with an endorectal coil is the single investigation that most accurately predicts pathological stage in rectal cancer.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Results of extrafascial excision and conventional surgery for rectal cancer at Auckland Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that local recurrence rates following rectal cancer surgery are reduced if the mesorectum is removed intact within its fascia propria. The present study aims to compare the outcomes of conventional surgery for rectal cancer and surgery in which the rectum and mesorectum are removed by the technique of extrafascial excision (EFE). METHODS: All patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer at Auckland Hospital from 1980 to 1996 were identified. Demographic, tumour, operation, outcome, survival and follow-up data were obtained from patient charts, New Zealand (NZ) Death Registry, death certificates and the NZ Electoral Roll. Complication rates, recurrence rates, overall and cancer-free survival and treatment costs were calculated for each group. RESULTS: A total of 262 patients had curative surgery (138 had conventional surgery, 124 had EFE). The groups were similar with respect to age, sex, operation performed and Dukes' stage. There was no difference in complication rates between the groups. Mean follow-up was 7 years in survivors. Twenty-nine conventional-surgery (21%) and eight EFE (6%) patients developed local pelvic recurrence. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rates were 30% and 10%, respectively (P = 0.0006). The 5-year overall survival was 54% for conventional surgery and 60% for EFE (P = 0.23). The 5-year cancer-free survival was 63% for conventional surgery and 74% for EFE (P = 0.02). Average initial costs were NZ$15,717 and NZ$15,158 for conventional surgery and EFE, respectively. The average cost of local recurrence was an additional NZ$10,471. CONCLUSIONS: The present study adds further support to the growing evidence that excision of the mesorectum within an intact fascial envelope reduces local recurrence rates after surgery for rectal cancer. There appears to be an associated improvement in cancer-free survival. Complication rates and cost were not increased in the patients having EFE.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Postoperative small bowel fistula: back to basics.

Twenty-one patients presenting between January 1992 and January 1998 with postoperative small bowel fistula were reviewed and their management and outcome were recorded. There were six jejunal and 15 ileal fistulae. Seven fistulae were low output and 14 high output. The management principles included: (i) initial resuscitation and skin care; (ii) early surgery for sepsis, or for a high-output fistula which showed no signs of decrease by 10 days, or total wound breakdown. Surgery involved, where possible, fistula resection with double enterostomy, a feeding gastrostomy and abdominal drainage; and (iii) enteral feeding with refeeding of enterostomy output into the distal stoma if required to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalance and malnutrition. Five patients died and in the other 16 their fistulae closed and they are alive and well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Single dose prophylaxis in colorectal surgery.

Moxalactam disodium (Latamoxef), was evaluated as a single dose prophylactic antibiotic against wound infection in open colorectal surgery. One hundred and five consecutive patients admitted to the university department of surgery, Wellington Hospital, were studied. Twelve patients were excluded because either the antibiotic was not given or antibiotics were given for other reasons. Eleven patients developed early wound infections and one further patient developed a late infection, an overall wound infection rate of 13% (95% CI 7-19). Whilst this infection rate is higher than that previously reported from this unit using more prolonged (3 dose) antibiotic prophylaxis (9.8%, 95% CI 9.6-10) the difference is not likely to be significant because the patient groups were not matched, and the comparisons were sequential. On the basis of the present study it is concluded that 1 g of moxalactam disodium administered at the induction of anaesthesia in open colorectal surgery is inexpensive, is associated with a low incidence of side effects and its further use in colorectal surgery would seem to be justified.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The management of patients with pilonidal disease--a comparative study.

Patients with pilonidal disease presenting at Wellington Hospital between 1979 and 1982 have been studied retrospectively. Of 218 admissions, 113 were for pilonidal sinus and 105 for pilonidal abscess. Fifty-five sinuses and 82 abscesses were 'laid open'. Hospital stay, recurrence rates and costs were considerably lower in those patients who were laid open. It is suggested that laying open is the procedure of choice for patients with both pilonidal abscess and sinus.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Extrafascial excision of the rectum for cancer: a technique for the avoidance of the complications of rectal mobilization.

Serious complications can occur following mobilization of the rectum for cancer including: ureteric injury, rectal perforation, hemorrhage, autonomic nerve damage, and local recurrence of the tumor in the pelvis. Each of these complications can be minimized by careful dissection in correct tissue planes in the pelvis. The rectum and mesorectum are surrounded by the fascia propria, a thin fascial envelope. This envelope offers a surface for dissection that leads the surgeon to a safe plane lying inside the autonomic nerves, the ureter, and the presacral vessels, and lying outside of the mesorectum and its associated vessels and lymphatics. The surgical anatomy of the pelvis is presented, with emphasis on the rectal fascia propria, as a basis for a detailed description of the technique of extrafascial excision of the rectum.

Dissection↗