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Biomedical subjects

I Oswald

Publications and source records attributed to I Oswald.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Further studies of scratching during sleep.

Fifteen patients with a variety of itching skin diseases (atopic eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, urticaria and psoriasis) have been studied in the sleep laboratory. Recordings were made of all-night electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram, submental electromyogram, and muscle potentials from both forearms. Bouts of scratching during orthodox (NREM) sleep occurred more frequently in stages 1 and 2 than in stages 3 and 4. The frequency in paradoxial (REM) sleep was close to that in stage 2 sleep. This pattern was similar for all the diseases studied and seems to be related to the physiology of the sleep stages rather than to the skin diseases themselves. The mean duration of the bouts of scratching was not related to the sleep stage in which they started.

Dermatitis Herpetiformis↗
PubMed1975

Two types of insomnia: too much waking or not enough sleep.

The stability of sleep was examined in two kinds of induced insomnia, namely after caffeine administration and after hypnotic drug withdrawal. The duration of each episode of any one sleep stage or any episode of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness was determined. After caffeine there was an increase in longer episodes of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness, but no significant change in the episode duration of any of the sleep stages. In the case of drug withdrawal there was no change in the episode duration of intervening wakefulness plus drowsiness, but there was a significant shortening of episode duration in sleep stages 2 and 3+4, with a similar trend for REM sleep episodes. Caffeine 'insomnia' thus seems characterized by increased stability of wakefulness, and hypnotic withdrawal 'insomnia' by decreased stability fo sleep. The type of analysis undertaken in this study could increase understanding of other types of insomnia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Plasma growth hormone and slow wave sleep increase after interruption of sleep.

A comparison was made of plasma hGH and of sleep stages during one night of undistrubed sleep and one night in which sleep was interupted by an hour of enforced wakefulness folowing the end of the second NREM-REM sleep cycle in 8 normal subjects. Plasma was sampled at 15-min intervals. HGH and slow wave sleep were both significantly increased in the two cycles immediately following the period awake compared with the same two cycles during nights of uninterruped sleep. The difference arose predominantly in the fourth cycle of the night, i.e., in the second cycle after the sleep interuption. The findings are consistent with the belief that extra wakefulness brings additional sleep of high RESTORATIVE properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Two anti-anxiety drugs: a psychoneuroendocrine study.

Eight males were studied during 27 weeks, including two periods of five weeks during which they received clinical doses of sodium amylobarbitone and benzoctamine. Substitution of placebo for either drug caused raised anxiety and impairment of mental concentration. The drugs reduced restlessness during sleep and reduced paradoxical sleep. By the fifth week of sodium amylobarbitone, although sleep was still less restless in the early night it was more restless than normal in the late night.Blood samples were taken half-hourly during sleep by indwelling venous catheter. Plasma growth hormone concentration was little affected during drug administration but rose temporarily after withdrawal. There was a reduction of plasma corticosteroid concentration during sleep throughout administration of the drugs and a rebound above normal during the first withdrawal week.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1972

Sleep after a bedtime beverage.

Sleep after an inert capsule was compared with sleep after a hot, bedtime, milk-cereal drink (Horlicks). All-night electrophysiological recordings were made with 18 persons on 10 nights each.Restlessness during sleep at the end of the night was diminished after Horlicks in a group of 10 young adults. In an older group of eight adults, mean age 55 years, sleep after Horlicks was of longer total duration and was less broken by periods of wakefulness. In the latter group the improvement associated with Horlicks was most apparent late in the night and it increased with repeated administration.

Adult↗