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Biomedical subjects

I Oshima

Publications and source records attributed to I Oshima.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of effectiveness of community mental health system in Kawasaki City--a comparison with national statistics].

UNLABELLED: The pioneering community mental health system of Kawasaki was evaluated by comparison with national statistics using the data from a citywide survey of patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Subjects were citizens of Kawasaki who were receiving medical treatment for schizophrenia (ICD-9) in the city. All inpatients (565 cases) and a random sample of outpatients (685 cases; extraction rate was 1/3) who met the criteria were asked to complete the questionnaires by themselves. The responsible medical staffs of the subjects were also asked to complete the questionnaires. In order to calculate the total prevalence rate in the city, the number of patients who received medical treatment outside the city was estimated by extrapolation. RESULTS: Higher outpatient rate and lower inpatient rate of Kawasaki were indicated despite the almost equal prevalence (i.e. 32.7 per 10,000 population) compared to the national rate. The outpatient rate was 70.6% in Kawasaki, which was 16% higher than the national average. And the rate of outpatients with schizophrenia living alone in Kawasaki was three times higher. While national outpatient rates declined significantly when patients became 40 years old, such a decline was not evident in Kawasaki. On the other hand, as patients with schizophrenia got older, the rate of outpatients living alone or living with spouse increased in Kawasaki due to the change of caregivers' generation. CONCLUSION: The higher outpatient rate especially of people over 40 years old and the higher rate of patients who lived alone may be explained by the effective community care system in Kawasaki. However, more an intensive support system which provides' daily services such as home-help and group home services should be developed, as the living conditions of outpatients who lived alone were very difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Public health center based educational approach for families of the mentally disabled in Japan].

In order to evaluate a public health center based educational approach for families of the mentally disabled, questionnaires were sent to all public health centers in Japan. Out of 852 public health centers, 742 responded satisfactorily. At 68.6% of the 742 public health centers, some form of educational programs for families of the mentally disabled have been conducted. In a structured educational program, public health nurses and mental health counselors participated as the main staff. Training seminars for the staff were conducted by prefectural mental health centers or Zenkaren, The National Federation of Families with the Mentally Ill. In order to develop an educational program at the public health centers, the following three elements are required: 1) information transmitted through training seminars and publications, 2) trained staff members including mental health welfare counselors and public health nurses specialized in mental health, and 3) a sufficient budget. Further development of the program is considered crucial for a functional improvement of the public health centers.

Community Health Centers↗
PubMed1997

[Hepatectomy and intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer].

We experienced 339 patients with primary colorectal cancer in our department. In the present study 69 cases of liver metastasis were examined for their treatments and effects. One-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 49.2%, 16.2% and 6.8% in the 69 patients, respectively. Fourteen patients underwent hepatic resection plus hepatic artery infusion therapy. The overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were favorable: 88.3%, 55.6% and 29.6%, respectively. Three patients with H3 liver metastasis underwent hepatic resection plus hepatic artery infusion therapy. One patient is alive 29 months after operation, one died 25 months after operation, and the other is alive 8 months after operation. Thirteen patients with H3 liver metastasis from colorectal cancer underwent hepatic artery infusion therapy, and the one-year survival rate was 30.8%. None of the H3 patients without hepatic artery infusion therapy survived more than one year.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1994

Application of in vivo microdialysis to pineal research in birds: measurement of circadian rhythms of melatonin.

Circadian rhythms of pineal melatonin release were measured in free-moving pigeons, Japanese quails, and chickens under light-dark cycles followed by constant dim light. Although melatonin levels differed among individual birds, circadian rhythms of melatonin were observed in all of them. Using this technique, we could examine phase shifts of melatonin rhythms and suppression of melatonin release by photic stimulation in pigeons. We could also examine effects of norepinephrine infusion on melatonin release. These results indicate that microdialysis is useful for the study of pineal melatonin rhythms in birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The locus controlling pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity (Nat-2) is located on mouse chromosome 11.

Melatonin is synthesized from serotonin by the enzymes serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) and hydroxyindole-O-methyl-transferase (HIOMT). We have previously reported that C57BL/6 mice do not have SNAT activity because of a mutation in an autosomal gene which is responsible for the absence of normal SNAT activity. In the present study, we have tried to map the loci of Nat-2 (the locus controlling SNAT activity) on chromosomes using a set of the BxH recombinant inbred strains which were derived from an initial cross between C3H/He with SNAT and C57BL/6 without the enzyme. Based on strain distribution patterns (SDPs), a close linkage on chromosome 11 was found between Nat-2, Es-3 (esterase-3), Glk (the locus controlling galactokinase activity) and Myla (myosin alkali light chains expressed in cardiac atrial muscle). The linkage between Nat-2 and Es-3 was confirmed by a conventional linkage test and the recombination frequency between these loci was estimated to be 16.1 +/- 3.6% (mean +/- S.E.M.).

Acetylserotonin O-Methyltransferase↗
PubMed1994

[Practical training adopted from essential laboratory tests in laboratory medicine].

A proposal of essential laboratory tests, made by the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology in 1989, was applied to the education of medical students in Tokushima University. The effects of this proposal on lecture and practice of laboratory medicine were evaluated by obtaining information through a questionnaire from students and clinicians. Our curriculum of laboratory medicine generally received good assessment from students and my opinion and practical training on essential laboratory tests were understood by them. The mean coefficient of variation of intra-assay precision was 3.7% and mean recovery was 70.3 at the measurement for serum protein concentration, which is one of the items in the essential laboratory tests. However, the quality of this experiment was not in accordance with the scholarly attainments or the results of the state examination for physicians. The clinicians in service at the medical school have more selected items than items of essential laboratory tests both at the initial outpatient examination and at hospital admission. Therefore, essential laboratory tests in daily primary medical care may be considered from a different standpoint, when used in the education of laboratory medicine.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The relationship between expressed emotion and daily life functioning of families who take care of the schizophrenics members].

The relationship between Expressed Emotion (EE) and daily life functioning of families who took care of the schizophrenics members was analyzed, to make clear the conceptual substance and psycho-social background of EE, and to get the practical guideline how to offer the effective family support programs. The research was conducted at 3 psychiatric hospitals in Chiba. 72 out of 93 cases were followed up after 9 months, and 64 cases were respondents of the inquiry at the discharge which was conducted to get the information of daily life functioning of families. In the inquiry, we used Family Support Behavior Scale (FSB), representing the family support function as a caretaker, and Disfunction in the Ordinary Family Life Scale (DFL), representing the disfunction of the family life function for a caretaker as a subject who realized his/her own self. The results were as followings. DFL had relatively strong correlation to EE. And a distinctive feature of EE subscales' distribution was observed among 4 groups divided by the median of FSB and DFL. That is, "Critical Comments (CC)" and "Hostility (H)" were high in the "loFSB-hiDFL" group in which both family functions did not operate effectively. "Emotional Over-Involvement (EOI)" was extremely high and CC was moderately high in the "hiFSB-hiDFL" group which had the difficulty only in the ordinary family life function. And the relapse rate of both groups, particularly of "loFSB-hiDFL" was high up to 61.5% after the follow-up period. So far, it was suggested that the disfunction of the ordinary family life was closely related to the whole substance of EE scales, which were the congeries of family factors to predict the relapse, and which had not the internal consistency of the scale. Adding the disfunction of family support to that, had the appearance of EE sub-scales changed, and made the family environment severely related to the relapse.

Emotions↗
PubMed1994

[A study on the scaling methods of expressed emotion scales from the perspective of relapse predictability of schizophrenia].

We made an analysis on the scaling methods of Expressed Emotion Scales, which was noticeable as one of powerful psycho-social factors to predict the relapse of the schizophrenics, to find out the unitary conceptual substance in the family. The research was conducted at 3 psychiatric hospitals in Chiba. 72 out of 93 cases were followed up after 9 months. The results were as follows. There was not internal consistency in EE sub-scales at all, but there was two-dimensional structure. It was suggested important to enhance the relapse predictability of EE scales that 1) EE should be assessed by means of household level, 2) binary (high or low) variables of Hostility and Emotional Overinvolvement have to be used, 3) Warmth and Positive Remarks make an important contribution, and 4) information of the existence of the rejective family member to CFI interview is also an important factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Melatonin content of the pineal gland in different mouse strains.

Pineal melatonin content at several times during the day and night was measured in 36 inbred strains of mice (Mus musculus) kept under LD 12:12 cycles. The results have indicated that only five inbred strains have pineal melatonin content, with higher levels during the night and lower levels during the day; the other 31 strains do not contain detectable melatonin in their pineal gland at any of times examined. The former group includes two commonly used strains (C3H/He and CBA/Ms) and three wild-derived strains (Mol-A, Mol-Nis, MOM). C3H and CBA mice showed a similar pattern of pineal melatonin rhythm with a peak at 2 hours before lights on. The peak levels were about 150 pg/gland in both strains. The rhythmic patterns of melatonin content in Mol-A, Mol-Nis, and MOM were slightly different from those in CBA and C3H. In the wild-derived strains, the peak of melatonin content did not occur at 2 hours before lights on but tended to occur at midnight. The peak levels were 67-91 pg/gland at the highest point in these strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Radioimmunoassay of human pancreatic amylase with monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody (E-21) was obtained that specifically binds to human pancreatic amylase and shows negligible cross-reaction with human salivary amylase. Using this antibody a radioimmunoassay was developed for pancreatic amylase in human serum. The assay was shown to be sensitive (detectable up to 7 mg/L), reproducible, and specific for pancreatic amylase. In normal subjects, the mean concentration of serum pancreatic amylase determined by this method was 36.3 mg/L with a 95% confidence range of 16.5 to 79.2 mg/L. A good correlation was observed between the concentrations of immunoreactive pancreatic amylase (IR-PA) and enzymatic activities in 20 serum samples (r = 0.97). The concentration of serum IR-PA was below the detectable limit in pancreatectomised patients, and was greatly increased in patients with acute pancreatitis; the latter was accompanied by parallel changes in total enzymic activity. In patients with mumps, the serum IR-PA level was within the normal range whereas the total enzymic activity was elevated.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

The phase-shifting effects of pentobarbital on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in the mouse: strain differences.

The phase response curves (PRCs) generated by pentobarbital injections (30 mg/kg) were obtained in SK and C57BL mice. Pentobarbital injections induced both advance and delay phase-shifts in the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity in SK mice but no phase-shifts were observed at any circadian time (CT) for pentobarbital injections in C57BL mice. The observation that a higher dose of pentobarbital (80 mg/kg) does not induce phase-shifting in C57BL mice has indicated that the differences in phase-shifting effects of pentobarbital are not quantitative but qualitative. These strains may be useful for studying the neurochemical regulation of the mammalian circadian rhythm.

Animals↗