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Biomedical subjects

I Munro

Publications and source records attributed to I Munro.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cranial plate and screw fixation in infancy: an assessment of risk.

Sixty-seven surgeons, members of the International Craniofacial Surgery Society, responded to a questionnaire focused on assessing the incidence and risk of cranial plate and screw translocation intracranially in infants undergoing cranial surgery. Despite screws, plates, and wires being evident intracranially in individual cases, no apparent increase in seizure frequency or susceptibility to head trauma was noted in this preliminary study.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1994

Blood donation.

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Blood Banks↗
PubMed1990

Safety of Sanguinaria extract as used in commercial toothpaste and oral rinse products.

This report represents the findings of an Expert Panel on the safety of Sanguinaria extract used in Viadent oral rinse and toothpaste products and represents an independent review of the Sanguinaria extract toxicologic data base. It is based on reviews and discussions of the data base by all members of the Expert Panel on Sanguinaria extract. The Panel concluded that the data base on Sanguinaria extract is substantial and indicates that Sanguinaria extract is safe in its present use in Viadent products based on a large margin of safety between levels of human exposure and levels found to produce minimum effect or to be without adverse effect in animals. The panel further concluded that published literature suggesting an association between human exposure to Sanguinaria extract and potential reproductive, cardiovascular, or ocular toxicity, or carcinogenicity is largely anecdotal, unfounded, and not corroborated by or consistent with the substantial data base that was subjected to peer review.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1989

Two-year follow-up study of coronary bypass surgery. Psychologic status, employment status, and quality of life.

This study is a prospective report of the cases of 135 patients who were slated for coronary artery bypass grafting and selected according to designated criteria. Patients received, in addition to an interview, a comprehensive cognitive, neuropsychologic, and personality assessment 2 weeks before operation and 3, 12, and 24 months after operation. Of the available sample, 82.3% completed the full study. There was no evidence of intellectual or neuropsychologic impairment after operation. Most patients returned to preoperative status 3 months after bypass grafting. Further improvement may continue 12 and 24 months after operation. The personality tests revealed that anticipation of the operation resulted in signs of emotional arousal and distress, which dissipated after a successful surgical outcome. Similarly, return to work and quality of life was enhanced. The current study represents the first systematic, longer-term follow-up of the psychologic and social consequences of coronary artery bypass grafting operations. The findings of this study are discussed within a model of social reconstitution after the successful resolution of a life-threatening medical condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The use of site-directed mutagenesis and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to assign the fluorescence contributions of individual tryptophan residues in Bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenase.

Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to generate two mutant Bacillus stearothermophilus lactate dehydrogenases: in one, Trp-150 has been replaced with a tyrosine residue and, in the other, both Trp-150 and -80 are replaced with tyrosines. Both enzymes are fully catalytically active and their affinities for substrates and coenzymes, and thermal stabilities are very similar to those of the native enzyme. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements using a synchrotron source have shown that all three tryptophans in the native enzyme fluoresce. By comparing the mutant and native enzymes it was possible, for the first time, to assign, unambiguously, lifetimes to the individual tryptophans: Trp-203 (7.4 ns), Trp-80 (2.35 ns) and Trp-150 (less than 0.3 ns). Trp-203 is responsible for 75-80% of the steady-state fluorescence emission, Trp-80 for 20%, and Trp-150 for less than 2%.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ethanol consumption of free feeding animals during restricted ethanol access.

The present experiments demonstrated that the within session patterns of ethanol consumption of animals given unrestricted access to both food and water can be controlled by altering the schedule of access to ethanol. The first experiment demonstrated that the number of ethanol responses emitted per bout was inversely related to the number of one hour access periods presented per session. In a second experiment, ethanol access was limited to only the dark period of a 12 hour light-dark cycle. Total daily ethanol responding was similar to that of animals that had access to ethanol 23 hours a day. Further restrictions on ethanol availability by restricting access to the last 20 minutes of each hour of the dark period, resulted in an increase in the number of responses emitted per bout.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Patterns of ethanol and water consumption as a function of restricted ethanol access and feeding condition.

Sixteen male albino rats were divided into two groups of eight animals and maintained at either their free-feeding or at 80% of their free-feeding weight. For four animals, access to 8% ethanol was unrestricted, for the remaining four, access was restricted to eight 20-min access periods per day. Mean amounts of ethanol consumed per bout were greater during restricted access than during unrestricted access for food-deprived animals but not for free-feeding animals. Total daily ethanol consumption was greatest when animals were food deprived and access to ethanol unrestricted. Total fluid consumption and the within session distribution of water and ethanol responding were affected by feeding condition. For food-deprived animals, the amount of water consumed per session remained relatively constant. The increase in ethanol consumption over sessions resulted in an increase in total fluid consumption. For the free-feeding animals, increases in ethanol consumption resulted in decreases in water consumption so that total fluid consumption remained constant. In addition, food-deprived animals consumed all their daily water intake at the beginning of each session when food was present. Free-feeding animals consumed water throughout the session.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics and effects of isoxicam on renal function in patients with renal insufficiency.

The pharmacokinetics of isoxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, were studied in 20 osteoarthritis patients with varying degrees of renal insufficiency. A wide variation in pharmacokinetic parameters was seen between individuals but there was no suggestion that renal function influenced pharmacokinetics. Steady state plasma isoxicam concentrations varied from 20 micrograms/ml to 130 micrograms/ml, while the plasma half-life varied from 23 hours to 58 hours. Despite a reduction in urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion, isoxicam administration did not alter renal function over a 4-week period.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Changes in the state of subunit association of lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

Time-resolved measurements of the fluorescence anisotropy of an extrinsic dye-group attached to lactate dehydrogenase from B. stearothermophilus revealed that the rotational correlation time of the enzyme at low concentrations is 55 ns, while at high enzyme concentrations or in the presence of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2) the correlation time increases to 95 ns. These correlation times are consistent with a change in Mr from 85 000 +/- 12 000 (dimer) to 150 000 +/- 22 000 (tetramer) and show that the tetrameric state can be induced either by raising the protein concentration or by the addition of the ligand. We have confirmed this change in molecular weight by gel-filtration experiments. In the ligand-induced tetramer, two Fru-1,6-P2 molecules are bound.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1984

Patterns of ethanol consumption as a function of the schedule of ethanol access.

The present experiment demonstrated that patterns of ethanol consumption can be controlled by altering the schedule of ethanol availability. Thirty-two male albino rats, maintained at 80% of their ad libitum weight, were first exposed to 10 base-line sessions in which access to either 8 or 32% ethanol was unrestricted. Each subject was then exposed to one of four restricted access schedules for 30 sessions. During each 23-hr session, the ethanol access period was held constant at 20 min while the time between ethanol access periods was either 70, 160, 340 or 700 min. After restricted access, all subjects were returned to unrestricted access for 10 sessions. Water was continually available throughout the experiment. When ethanol access periods occurred every 70 or 160 min, animals at both concentrations consumed more ethanol (grams per kilogram) than during the initial period of unrestricted access. When the time between ethanol access periods was 340 or 700 min, animals consumed an equal amount or half as much, respectively, as during unrestricted access. Analysis of responding revealed that the mean amount of ethanol consumed per bout was greater during restricted than during unrestricted access. The longer the time between access periods the greater the amount consumed per bout. Upon return to unrestricted access, total daily consumption increased, but the amount consumed per bout decreased to base-line levels.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

Life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions to muscle relaxants.

Sixty-seven patients who had life-threatening reactions to muscle relaxant drugs diagnosed by intradermal testing or challenge were studied. Six patients reacted on two occasions; four reacted to different relaxants. There was a significantly greater ratio of female-to-male patients who reacted than in a nonreacting population. Patients who reacted to muscle relaxants had an incidence of allergy, atopy, asthma, and previous reactions to anesthesia that was significantly greater than nonreacting patients, but not greater than patients who had reacted to induction agents. Eighty-five percent of patients who reacted to muscle relaxants had never previously been exposed to the drug, whereas 60% of patients reacting adversely to induction agents had been previously exposed to induction agents. The reactions were not related to additives or preservatives. In spite of a lack of previous exposure, type I hypersensitivity appears the most likely mechanism responsible for life-threatening reactions to muscle relaxants.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1980

A computer programme for nutritional surveillance.

A modular computer programme written in basic for the assessment and monitoring of nutritional status in hospitalized patients is described. The programme is simple in operation and allows storage of nutritional data. Its applications are briefly described.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

Subnanosecond motions of tryptophan residues in proteins.

The dynamics of protein molecules in the subnanosecond and nanosecond time range were investigated by time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy. Synchrotron radiation from a storage ring was used as a pulsed light source to excite the single tryptophan residue in a series of proteins. The full width at half maximum of the detected light pulse was 0.65 nsec, making it feasible to measure emission anisotropy kinetics in the subnanosecond time range and thereby to resolve internal rotational motions. The proteins investigated exhibit different degrees of rotational freedom of their tryptophan residue, ranging from almost no mobility to nearly complete freedom in the subnanosecond time range. The tryptophan residue of Staphylococcus aureus nuclease B (20,000 daltons) has a single rotational correlation time (varphi) of 9.9 nsec at 20 degrees C, corresponding to a rotation of the whole protein molecule. By contrast, bovine basic A1 myelin protein (18,000 daltons) exhibits varphi of 0.09 and 1.26 nsec, showing that the tryptophan residue in this protein is highly flexible. The single tryptophan of human serum albumin (69,000 daltons) has almost no rotational freedom at 8 degrees C (varphi = 31.4 nsec), whereas at 43 degrees C it rotates rapidly (varphi(1) = 0.14 nsec) within a cone of semiangle 26 degrees in addition to rotating together with the whole protein (varphi(2) = 14 nsec). Of particular interest in the large angular range (semiangle, 34 degrees ) and fast rate (varphi(1) = 0.51 nsec) of the rotational motion of the tryptophan residue in Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (14,000 daltons). This residue is known to be located in the hydrophobic interior of the protein. The observed amplitudes and rates of these internal motions of tryptophan residues suggest that elementary steps in functionally significant conformational changes may take place in the subnanosecond time range.

Apoproteins↗
PubMed1978

The role of psychiatry in a craniofacial team.

The psychosocial assessment of the child in the context of his family and community is, we believe, an essential factor in the decision for and the timing of major reconstructive surgery. A severe congenital facial deformity does not usually affect a child's body-image, but it can have a great impact on the total self-image (which is related to social reactions). Surgery should be performed ideally before the early school years, when the child is subjected to the most teasing, provided both parents and the patient have realistic expectations and really want the major reconstruction.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1976

In Australia now.

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Attitude of Health Personnel↗