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Biomedical subjects

I Morisaki

Publications and source records attributed to I Morisaki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Lymphoid cell responses to bacterial cell wall components: murine B-cell responses to a purified cell wall moiety of Actinomyces.

A mitogenic component, designated fraction C (Fr C), has been purified from a mutanolysin enzyme digest of Actinomyces cell walls by CM Sephadex C-25 ion-exchange and G-100 gel filtration chromatography. Good mitogenic responses were obtained with Fr C over a broad dose range with peak mitogenesis seen with 500 micrograms/culture. Fraction C (mol. wt. = 35,000-40,000) consists of 75% carbohydrate and 23% protein, is non-dialysable, resistant to heat, lysozyme or protease treatment, and partially sensitive to base, and all mitogenic activity is destroyed by either periodate or acid treatment. Fraction C is a B-cell mitogen since it induced responses in nude (nu/nu) and nu/+ BALB/c spleen cell cultures and purified splenic B-cell cultures, but did not stimulate purified splenic T-cell cultures. Similar mitogenic fractions for B cells have been obtained from cell walls of A. naeslundii and from a human isolate of A. viscosus. Good polyclonal IgM synthesis and plaque-forming cell responses to hapten or erythrocytes were obtained in vitro with the purified cell wall fractions derived from all three Actinomyces strains studied. These results indicate that the Actinomyces cell wall possesses a carbohydrate-rich component which activates B cells and may represent a common determinant of this genus.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Effective immunity to dental caries: gastric intubation of Streptococcus mutans whole cells or cell walls induces protective immunity in gnotobiotic rats.

Gnotobiotic rats were given Streptococcus mutans 6715 whole cells (WC), purified cell walls (CW), or cell wall lysate by gastric intubation (GI), and assessments were made of humoral immune responses in serum and saliva and of caries protection. Levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies to S. mutans WC in saliva samples from experimental rats were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum antibody levels of the IgM, IgG, and IgA isotypes were also determined. Similar levels of salivary antibodies were induced in rats given S. mutans WC or CW by GI, whereas lower salivary antibody titers were observed in rats given cell wall lysate by the oral route. The level of serum antibodies in the various groups of rats also reflected the oral antigen used. The specificity of salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies in the various groups of rats was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with lipoteichoic acid, serotype g carbohydrate, dextran, CW, and WC as coating antigens. Salivary IgA and serum IgG antibodies in rats given S. mutans WC or CW by GI were primarily directed to lipoteichoic acid and serotype g carbohydrate. The presence of salivary IgA antibodies to S. mutans in rats given either S. mutans WC or CW by GI correlated with a significant reduction in the levels of plaque, numbers of viable S. mutans in plaque, and caries scores when compared with the control animals (infected only). These results demonstrate that particulate antigens of S. mutans induce salivary immune responses when given by GI to gnotobiotic rats and that the presence of these antibodies correlates with caries protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effective immunity to dental caries: enhancement of salivary anti-Streptococcus mutans antibody responses with oral adjuvants.

In the present study, we compared the ability of the soluble adjuvants concanavalin A (ConA), muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and peptidoglycan (PG) to enhance immune responses to orally administered particulate antigens of Streptococcus mutans 6715 in gnotobiotic rats. The isotype and levels of antibody in saliva and in serum from experimental rats were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using S. mutans whole cells (WC) as the coating antigen. The specificities of salivary and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to particulate S. mutans antigens, lipoteichoic acid, S. mutans serotype g carbohydrate, and dextran were also determined. When 50 micrograms of ConA was used as the oral adjuvant with S. mutans 6715 WC immunogen, a slight enhancement of immune responses was obtained. A higher dose of ConA suppressed humoral responses to the immunogen. Enhanced immune responses, especially of the IgA isotype, in both serum and saliva were induced in gnotobiotic rats given MDP and either S. mutans 6715 WC or purified cell walls (CW) by gastric intubation. Elevated IgA antibody levels to CW, lipoteichoic acid, and carbohydrate were observed in rats given S. mutans WC and MDP by gastric intubation, whereas oral immunization with S. mutans CW and MDP resulted in higher antibody levels to CW and carbohydrate and lower levels to lipoteichoic acid when compared with the antibody levels in rats given antigen alone. Rats orally immunized with either S. mutans WC or CW and MDP and challenged with virulent S. mutans 6715 exhibited significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) lower plaque scores, numbers of viable S. mutans in plaque, and caries scores than did rats immunized with antigen alone or in infected-only controls. In another series of experiments, a PG fraction derived from S. mutans 6715 CW was assessed for adjuvant properties. The oral administration of PG and either S. mutans WC or CW induced good salivary and serum IgA antibody responses. The specificity of the antibodies was similar to that obtained in rats given antigen and MDP. Rats receiving either S. mutans WC or CW and PG and challenged with virulent S. mutans 6715 had lower plaque scores, fewer numbers of viable S. mutans in plaque, and lower caries activity than did infected rats receiving S. mutans WC or CW immunogen alone. These results provide evidence that soluble adjuvants derived from the gram-positive bacterial CW, e.g., MDP and PG, are effective oral adjuvants and augment IgA immune responses to particulate S. mutans antigens which are protective against the mucosally associated disease, dental caries.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Immunoregulation in the rat: requirements for in vitro B cell responses to classical TI-1 and TI-2 antigens.

The presence of suppressor cells and their mediators has made it difficult to induce B cell mitogenic or immune responses in rat spleen cell cultures. In the present study, we have defined culture conditions required for induction of in vitro thymic independent (TI) immune responses in the rat. Rat spleen cell cultures support low responses to various trinitrophenyl (TNP) haptenated antigens including TNP-Brucella abortus (TNP-BA), TNP-lipopolysaccharide [LPS; either phenol (Ph)- or butanol (Bu)-water extracted], TNP-Ficoll, and TNP-dextran. However, all of these antigens induced good splenic anti-TNP PFC responses when given at appropriate doses in vivo. When spleen cells were depleted of adherent cells and cultured with TI antigens in vitro, good anti-TNP PFC responses were seen with TNP-BA, whereas, lower responses were induced by TNP-LPS (Ph or Bu). No responses were observed in cultures incubated with either TNP-Ficoll or TNP-dextran. Purified splenic B cell cultures [prepared by panning on plates coated with anti-rat F (ab')2] supported good responses to TNP-LPS (Ph or Bu) and TNP-BA. The addition of irradiated splenic adherent cells (macrophages, M phi) to either M phi-depleted or purified B cell cultures completely abrogated in vitro responses to TNP-BA or TNP-LPS (Ph or Bu). Purified splenic B cell cultures generally responded poorly to TNP-Ficoll or TNP-dextran. Addition of indomethacin (IM) to spleen cell cultures abrogated suppression and allowed anti-TNP PFC responses to TNP-BA, TNP-LPS (Ph or Bu), TNP-Ficoll, and TNP-dextran. Furthermore, nude spleen cell cultures treated with IM, also allowed significant TNP-Ficoll and TNP-dextran immune responses; however, untreated cultures did not respond to these antigens. Our studies indicate that rat splenic B cell cultures are responsive to TI antigens, and highest responses occur with the murine TI-1 class, e.g., TNP-BA and TNP-LPS. Inhibition of suppression with IM restored splenic B cell responses to the murine TI-2 class, i.e., TNP-Ficoll and TNP-dextran.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and immunochemical characterization of carbohydrate antigens prepared from group A Streptococcus pyogenes.

Group A carbohydrate antigens were prepared from isolated cell walls or whole cells of Streptococcus pyogenes strain Sv (group A, M type 3). Cell walls were lysate by the enzymatic action of M1 endo-N-acetylmuramidase. The cell wall lysate was concentrated and chromatographed on a Sephadex G-100 column. Two fractions reactive with group A antisera were obtained. These were composed of N-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, and peptidoglycan components such as glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. For comparison, hot TCA extract of the cell walls (TCAgA) or Rantz and Randall extract of the whole cells (RRgA) was purified chromatographically. The latter two also contained rhamnose and glucosamine, and were reactive with group A antisera. The molecular weights of M1gA antigens were larger than those of TCAgA and RRgA. Hapten inhibition study indicated that N-acetylglucosamine was the most potent inhibitor.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Adjuvant activity of synthetic N-acetylmuramyl peptides in rats.

The minimal adjuvant-active structure in bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan for the induction of delayed hypersensitivity in rats (WKA) was the N-acetylmuramyl dipeptides (N-acetylmuramyl L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and N-acetylmuramyl L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid).

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

The effect of replacement of L-alanine residue by glycine, L-serine or D-alanine in an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine on immunoadjuvancies of molecules.

Substitution of the L-alanine residue by L-serine and glycine in an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, the minimum structural unit essential to the immunoadjuvancies characteristic of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans, was shown to bring about significant increase and some decrease, respectively, in the adjuvant abilities of molecules to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity and to stimulate serum antibody levels to ovalbumin when administered to guinea pigs as a water-in-mineral oil emulsion. N-Acetylmuramyl-D-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, on the other hand, was found to be adjuvant-inactive.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1977

Immunoadjuvant activities of synthetic 6-O-acyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine with special reference to the effect of its administration with liposomes.

Addition of a lauroyl, stearoyl or docosanoyl group to the primary hydroxy group at the C-6 position of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine gave lipophilic derivatives that had definite adjuvancies in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity and enhancement of antibody production against a test protein antigen, ovalbumin, when administered to guinea pigs as liposomes, that is without mineral oil. When administered as mineral oil-in-water emulsion, including Ribitype emulsions, rather than as water-in-mineral oil emulsions, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine and its 6-O-acyl derivatives showed only weak immunoadjuvancies.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1975

[Disease course and outcome in hospitalized patients over 60-years old].

The authors have examined all of the hospitalized patients who were over sixty years old in all psychiatric clinics in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, on December 31, 1968, and many of them were reexamined on June 30, 1973. Through these both serial examinations, the following results are obtained: 1) Of the total 187 patients who underwent the first examination, 62 patients were still hospitalized and subjected to the second examination. 2) Twenty nine of the 62 patients were schizophrenics. One fourth of them were in remission, the rest being in a desolate or paraphrenic condition. Thirty six schizophrenics have discharged hospitals: 12 patients have left off hospitals getting a considerable improvement and 15 patients were dead. 3) Of the thirteen manic-depressives, only three were still hospitalized, and two of them were in remission. There were 10 discharged cases: three cases dead and six cases improved. 4) Six of the 24 patients diagnosed as senile dementia were still hospitalized. The diagnosis of two cases has been changed into paranoid reaction and depression respectively. Of 18 discharged patients, 14 cases were dead and the remaining four were improved. 5) Of the 22 patients diagnosed as senile psychosis, only two patients were still hospitalized, and the diagnosis has been changed into schizophrenia and epilepsy respectively. The 20 patients have left hospitals: nine cases dead and another nine improved. As the beginning symptoms, these patients showed paranoid-hallucinatic aspects which were similar to those of schizophrenia. In some cases, certain incidents that had preceded onset of the illness were found. 6) Most of the aged patients with the diagnoses associated with the physical conditions due to aging were dead.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Immunoadjuvant activities of synthetic N-acetyl-muramyl-peptides or -amino acids.

A variety of N-acetylmuramyl-peptides (or -amino acids) were prepared by condensation of benzyl N-acetyl-4, 6-O-brnzylidene-alpha-muramide with various peptide (or amino acid) benzyl esters by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide--N-hydroxysuccinimide or ethylchlorocarbonate--N-methylmorpholine method and removal of the protecting groups by hyderogenolysis. N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine was identified as the minimum structural entity essential for the immunoadjuvant activities characteristic of bacterial cell walls. Consequently N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine was not adjuvant active. The tetrapeptide portion of adjuvant-active N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-L-lysyl-D-alanine proved to be inert, at least in induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity. The possible adjuvant activities of various analogues or diastereomers of the above N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide and related compounds were studied. N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid exhibited weak, but definite adjuvancy, but none of the others, including N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-L-isoglutamine, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamine and N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoasparagine, had any adjuvant activity. This clearly indicated the importance of the configuration of the glutamic acid residue or its amides, i.e. the presence of the D-isoglutamine residue in the N-acetylmuramyl-dipeptide, for manifestation of adjuvant activities in stimulation of both antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immune responses. Neither N-acetylmuramyl-D-isoglutamine nor N-acetylmuramyl-D-alanine had any adjuvancy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of short professional mechanical tooth-cleaning (PMTC) program in young adults with mental disabilities.

We evaluated the usefulness of a short professional mechanical tooth-cleaning (PMTC) program to improve periodontal conditions and caries susceptibility in 10 young adult patients with mental and/or physical disabilities. The PMTC program was carried out once on each of 6 sextants of the full mouth during 6 visits at two-week intervals. Even one treatment with PMTC was found to be significantly effective in reducing the probing depth in eight of the 10 subjects. A reduction in the total number of bleeding sites on probing was also clearly observed in all subjects. Moreover, the debris index was reduced in nine subjects by the PMTC program. Although caries susceptibility was improved, albeit very slowly, by PMTC, the Cariostat pH values showed no consistent tendency. The effects lasted for more than 6 weeks. Analysis of these results suggests that the PMTC program can be effective in adults with mental disabilities, especially in reducing gingival inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth: periodontal responses to stopping and restarting the drug.

A case history of a woman with gingival overgrowth (GO) induced by amlodipine is presented. A 49-year-old Japanese woman, who was taking amlodipine, had gingival overgrowth and swelling on examination. No specific periodontal treatment was provided to the patient for the GO; however, the amlodipine was replaced with an ACE inhibitor after consultation with her medical practitioner. Within two months, the suspension of amlodipine resulted in a significant improvement in her periodontal condition. Failure to control the hypertension caused the physician to re-prescribe amlodipine. After three months, the gingival overgrowth returned; however, its severity was less when compared with the original periodontal condition, due to reduction in drug dose and periodontal therapy. This experience suggests that temporary suspension of a drug which can induce GO can improve the periodontal condition without the aid of surgical treatment.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of phenytoin on dental caries and plaque in Streptococcus sobrinus-infected rats.

Effects of phenytoin (PHT) administration on dental caries in rats infected with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 were investigated. Twenty-day-old specific pathogen-free Fischer male rats were infected with S. sobrinus 6715 and fed diet 2000 containing 56% sucrose with or without PHT for 52 days. Antibody responses against anti-S. sobrinus in serum and saliva failed to show a statistical difference between PHT-treated and nontreated rats. These results indicate that PHT treatment increased plaque deposition and dental caries in the rats infected with S. sobrinus 6715 and fed diet 2000 containing PHT (1-2 mg/g), as compared with those similarly infected and fed diet without PHT (P < 0.001).

Animals↗