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Biomedical subjects

I Mori

Publications and source records attributed to I Mori.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Viremia induced by influenza virus.

A mouse model of influenza A/PR/8 virus infection was adopted to investigate the blood and various tissues of intranasally infected mice for the presence of viral RNA by using the nested polymerase chain reaction. The nucleoprotein gene was detected in the red blood cell fraction from 1 to 5 days post-inoculation, while it was found in the lung and brain up to 14 days and in the liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and skeletal muscle up to 7 days. The virus-specific messenger RNA was transiently found in these organs. When mice received the uv-inactivated virus, viremia did not occur. The prior transfer of the hyperimmune serum prevented pneumonia but not bronchitis, and viremia was totally abolished. These results suggest: (1) viremia occurs during the acute phase of infection, (2) the virus is present in various organs and there the virus gene is transiently expressed, and (3) the virus enters the blood stream possibly through capillaries of the infected alveolar wall. Viremia may influence the pathogenesis of influenza.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

In vivo induction of apoptosis by influenza virus.

Intranasal exposure of mice to influenza virus led to cell death in bronchial/bronchiolar epithelial cells, alveolar cells and lymphoid cells. These cells displayed fragmentation of nuclei and chromatin condensation. Nick end-labelling of DNA in situ confirmed that such apoptotic cells had fragmented DNA. These results suggest that the influenza virus induces apoptosis in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Parainfluenza virus type 1 infects olfactory neurons and establishes long-term persistence in the nerve tissue.

A mouse model of Sendai virus infection was adopted to examine the in vivo neurovirulence of parainfluenza viruses. A nested polymerase chain reaction detected the Sendai virus nucleoprotein gene in the olfactory bulbs of intranasally infected mice for at least 168 days post-infection (p.i.) and virus-specific messenger RNAs for 28 days p.i. Viral proteins were histochemically detected in some olfactory neurons for 7 days p.i. They were also found in glomeruli of the olfactory bulbs but not in the mitral cells and the tufted cells. No virus was detected in the whole brain not including the olfactory bulbs. When mice were inoculated with UV-inactivated virus, the viral RNA was present in the olfactory bulbs for a short period of 14 days, with no demonstrable viraemia. These results demonstrate that the parainfluenza virus directly accesses the central nervous system via olfactory neurons and establishes long-term persistence in the nerve tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione peroxidase, a lipid peroxidase scavenger, in atherosclerotic lesions of human arteries.

The localization of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO) in the human arteriosclerotic lesions was investigated by immunohistochemical methods. GSH-PO is an enzyme that effectively reduces lipid peroxides. It is also known that its synthesis is significantly increased by lipid peroxides, the substrate of the enzyme. Accordingly, the increased expression of GSH-PO would indicate the promotion of lipid peroxidation in the site. Immunohistochemistry for Apo-B protein, the major protein component of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL), was also performed to show the amount of plasma LDL permeation and deposition on the arterial wall. Atheromatous plaques contained numerous GSH-PO positive cells with foamy cytoplasm, while normal arterial walls were almost devoid of GSH-PO positive cells. Immunoelectron microscopically, the GSH-PO reaction products were observed diffusely in the cytoplasm of these cells. The deposition of Apo-B was closely related to the localization of GSH-PO positive cells in the atheromatous lesions. These findings suggest that the lipid peroxidation that surpasses the protective actions of GSH-PO may cause foamy change of smooth muscle cells and macrophages to ultimately form atherosclerotic lesions.

Aorta↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of a temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vaccine in hamsters.

A temperature-sensitive HVJ-pB strain of parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus was obtained from a persistently virus-infected cell culture. Intranasal inoculation of Syrian hamsters with the HVJ-pB temperature-sensitive mutant resulted in an abortive infection but induced a specific antibody response against Sendai virus without appreciable lesions in the respiratory tract. Prior exposure to the temperature-sensitive mutant protected hamsters from subsequent challenge with virulent wild-type virus. The efficacy of protection became apparent at 5 days after vaccination and lasted for at least 720 days. For practical use of the HVJ-pB vaccine, a single intranasal administration to newborn babies aged over 15 days is recommended.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

[Changes in plasma cytokine levels during lung surgery].

We studied the changes in plasma cytokine (IL-6 and IL-8) levels during lung surgery in 20 patients. The correlation between the changes in cytokine levels and surgical stress as well as the postoperative complications were examined. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 increased shortly after the surgical incision and were 326 pg.ml-1 and 61 pg.ml-1 respectively, at the end of surgery. The changes in cytokine levels correlated well with the duration of surgery, blood loss and CPR levels for 2 days after the surgery. However, there were no severe postoperative complications in the present study. We conclude that the cytokines increase shortly after the surgical incision and the changes in cytokine levels correlate well with the surgical stress.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of 42 patients with renal trauma--radiographic assessment of surgical application].

We treated 42 patients with renal trauma between 1988 and 1994. There were 18 cases of renal contusion, 12 of minor laceration, 6 of major laceration, 5 of renal rupture and 1 of major laceration with pedicle injury. Thirty-two patients were treated by conservative management, 10 were treated surgically, 9 by simple nephrectomy and 1 by partial nephrectomy. Excretory urography was performed in 27 patients. For stage evaluation, these cases were classified into 4 groups. I: The renal pelvis and calices were clearly enhanced. II: The renal pelvis was enhanced but part of the calix was not. III: The renal pelvis was not clearly enhanced and only some calices were enhanced. IV: The renal pelvis and calices were unenhanced. In addition, computerized tomography was carried out in 24 patients. We believe that cases with classification as III or IV in excretory urography, incomplete enhancement by computerized tomography, and recognized extravasation should be treated operatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis in Japan. Analysis of infectious hepatitis viruses.

BACKGROUND: The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated closely with cirrhosis. In the present study, the cumulative risk of HCC in patients with cirrhosis was investigated. METHODS: A total of 401 patients were registered from April 1977 and followed for a mean of 4.4 years. Of 401 patients, 255 (64%) were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-) to the hepatitis C virus (HCV); 87 (34%) patients were positive for HBsAg but were negative for anti-HCV (hepatitis B virus [HBV] group), 126 (49%) were negative for HBsAg but were positive for anti-HCV (HCV group), 10 (4%) were positive for both and 32 (13%) were negative for both (non-B non-C group). RESULTS: By the end of March 1993, HCC was diagnosed in 127 (31.6%) patients. The cumulative risk of HCC in the HCV group was slightly higher than that in HBV group (P = 0.3, 5-year risk: 36.9 versus 21.2%). In contrast, the rate was significantly lower in the non-B non-C group than in the HBV or HCV groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively, 5 year risk: 12.4%). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that not only HBV infection but also HCV infection increase the risk for HCC in patients with cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Caenorhabditis elegans unc-51 gene required for axonal elongation encodes a novel serine/threonine kinase.

Mutations in the unc-51 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans result in various abnormalities in axonal elongation and axonal structures. We cloned the unc-51 gene by tagging with the transposon Tc1. The wild-type unc-51 gene, which rescued the mutant phenotypes, encodes a novel serine/threonine kinase of 856 amino acids. Mutation sites were identified in the unc-51 gene of six mutants. A Lys-->Met mutation created in vitro in the kinase domain led to the loss of rescuing activity and was dominant negative, indicating that the kinase domain of Unc-51 is essential for the function. Expression of an unc-51/lacZ fusion gene was observed in many neurons at all stages. We propose that protein phosphorylation by the unc-51 product is important for axonal elongation and possibly for axonal guidance.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Metal ions affect neuronal membrane fluidity of rat cerebral cortex.

The effect of various metal ions on neuronal membrane fluidity was examined using 2-(14-carboxypropyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy, which has been used for the examination of membrane fluidity in hydrophobic areas by electron spin resonance spectrometry. Potassium, cobalt, calcium, magnesium, nickel, copper, ferric, and aluminium ions decreased the membrane fluidity while ferrous ions increased it at each high concentration. Sodium and zinc ions had no effect. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid decreased membrane fluidity at high concentrations. Nicardipine lowered membrane fluidity and flunarizine elevated it at each high concentration. There was no change in membrane fluidity by other calcium antagonists, nimodipine and nifedipine.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Endometrial carcinogenesis induced by concurrent oral administration of ethylenethiourea and sodium nitrite in mice.

Endometrial carcinogenesis induced by concurrent oral administration of ethylenethiourea (ETU) and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) was investigated in ICR (Crj:CD-1) female mice. A mixed solution of ETU (100 mg/kg) and NaNO2 (70 mg/kg) was given to animals orally once a week for up to 6 months and all surviving animals were killed at 12 months of study. During the study, estrous cycle was monitored by vaginal smear and five or 10 selected animals were subjected to interim killing at 3 month interval to observe time-related carcinogenic responses of the uterus. Treatment with ETU and NaNO2 resulted in development of endometrial adenocarcinomas in the uterine horn and the incidence reached 42% in the surviving animals at 12 months. Prior to the development of the tumor, atypical hyperplasia of endometrial glands was frequently observed and regarded as the precancerous lesion. Immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation revealed higher labeling indices in both hyperplastic and neoplastic endometrial glandular cells, and the index in the adenocarcinoma was more than 20% on average at any stage of the estrous cycle. Overexpression of p53 protein, which is frequently demonstrated in virulent phenotypes of human corpus cancers, was seen in three out of eight (38%) adenocarcinomas, but not in the atypical hyperplasia or normal endometrial glands. There were no treatment-related changes in the estrous cycle on vaginal smears at any interval of the study. The analyses for plasma ovarian hormones at 12 months disclosed a marked depression of progesterone in the treated animals, while the 17 beta-estradiol (E2) level was comparable to the controls. These results suggest that endometrial carcinogenesis by ETU and NaNO2 could be initiated with atypical hyperplasia of the endometrial gland and a decrease in plasma progesterone level may play an important role in the development of endometrial carcinogenesis. In addition, inactivation of the p53 gene may play a significant role in the malignant transformation of endometrial epithelial cells in mice.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Effects of alcohol on membrane fluidity of human erythrocyte.

Membrane fluidity in human erythrocytes was measured by a spin label method using an electron spin resonance spectrometer in healthy volunteers after ingestion of alcohol (1.5 ml of whisky/kg body weight). Fluidity in the lipid bilayer closer to the hydrophilic face decreased at 30 min and 90 min, and fluidity in the hydrophobic core decreased at 90 min after ingestion of alcohol. In the same experiment, the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in the serum decreased 30 min after ingestion of alcohol, and the triglyceride level increased and free fatty acid level decreased, and serum superoxide dismutase activity increased 150 min after ingestion. Furthermore, membrane fluidity in human erythrocytes was examined in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome who had not any alcohol for about 26 months. Erythrocyte membrane fluidity of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome was not different from that of healthy controls. However, erythrocyte membrane fluidity of the lipid bilayer closer to the hydrophilic face increased in patients who had concomitant liver cirrhosis compared with those who did not. These results suggest that alcohol affects temporal change of membrane fluidity in human erythrocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment of quality of life after transurethral resection of prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia].

The quality of life (QOL) after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) was studied. A total of 113 patients were operated and released, and 86 (76%) cases responded to the TURP follow-up survey. The average age was 69 years and the average time elapsed after the operation was 220 days. Data regarding the patients undergoing TURP was gathered from a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions concerning the preoperative condition and 28 about the post-operative state. Performance status was not changed post-TURP. The patients showed improvements in nocturia, pollakisuria and dysuria. These urological symptoms were in accordance with the findings of uroflowmetry and American Urological Association Symptom Index. Ten questions addressing the patients mental and physical conditions revealed that good quality was generally retained. Sexual activity showed a tendency of gradual decrease in relation to increasing age. Ejaculatory function and actual satisfaction with the sexual act were obviously damaged by the operation. TURP showed no changes in regard to morning erection, sexual desire in an arousing atmosphere, penile hardness at sex and total satisfaction with the sexual life. Social life, family life and mental status were not influenced, but the physical status of 21 (26%) of the patients was decreased by the operation and hospital stay. Over all, 78% of the patients could maintain a good quality of life in post-TURP.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Growth hormone (GH)-dependent hepatic GH receptors in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica: effects of hypophysectomy and GH injection.

Control mechanisms of growth hormone (GH) receptors in the eel liver were examined by following the time course of changes in total (MgCl2-treated membranes) and free (untreated membranes) GH-binding sites after hypophysectomy and replacement therapy with homologous GH. Both total and free binding sites decreased significantly 1 week after hypophysectomy. Scatchard analysis indicated that the reduction in GH receptors was primarily due to a decrease in the number of binding sites, rather than to a change in binding affinity. When recombinant eel GH was injected intramuscularly into hypophysectomized eels (2 micrograms/g body wt), plasma GH concentration increased to a maximal value after 10 hr and decreased to the initial level by 72 hr. Free binding sites decreased to a minimal value 24 hr after the injection and returned to the initial level after 72 hr. The reduction in free binding sites seems to be due to occupation of GH receptors. Total binding sites increased gradually to almost twofold over those of the controls 5 days after the injection, the increase being due to an increase in the binding capacity. GH appears to be importantly involved in inducing and maintaining its own receptors in the eel liver.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Immunofluorescent antibody response to lactic dehydrogenase virus in different strains of mice.

The development of antibody against lactic dehydrogenase virus in five strains of mice (NZB x NZWF1, BALB/c, C.B-17, ICR and C.B-17 scid or SCID mice) was examined by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) of infected liver sections. IIF antibody appeared 1 to 3 weeks and rose progressively 2 to 4 weeks after infection in four strains of mice (NZB x NZWF1, BALB/c, C.B-17 and ICR mice). SCID mice did not develop antibody. These results suggest that IIF may be applicable for detecting LDV infection in many other ordinary strains of mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reperfusion after a two-hour period of pulmonary artery occlusion causes pulmonary necrosis.

The role of reperfusion injury in the progression to necrosis in pulmonary embolism was evaluated. To simulate this condition, we used a technique that enables occlusion and reopening of the pulmonary arterial branch supplying the right upper lobe in conscious rats. The rats were divided into five groups: the occlusion group (n = 12), in which the pulmonary artery (PA) branch was occluded without reperfusion; the reperfusion group (n = 12), in which the PA branch was reopened after a 2-h period of occlusion; and the reperfusion-SOD (n = 9), reperfusion-IM (n = 8), or reperfusion-IA-SOD (n = 6) groups, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), indomethacin (IM), or inactivated SOD (IA-SOD), respectively, was administered during reperfusion. The lungs were removed 24 h after the PA occlusion, and histologic examination was performed. In the occlusion group, the alveolar structure of the right upper lobe was well preserved, and there was no erythrocyte or leukocyte accumulation. The only significant changes compared with the control lobe was the appearance of wavy internal elastic lamina of the PA and slight neutrophil adherence to the endothelial cells. In contrast, the right upper lobe of the reperfusion group disclosed numerous foci of hemorrhagic necrosis, with disrupted alveoli and leukocyte accumulation in all cases. With SOD treatment, the changes compatible with hemorrhagic necrosis were attenuated to the level of the control lobes. However, neither IM nor IA-SOD decreased these changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗