Changes in intestinal mucosal protective function after small bowel transplantation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
I Miyazaki
Publications and source records attributed to I Miyazaki.
[The effect of duodenal reflux on esophageal carcinogenesis in rats: preliminary report].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
[Nuclear P53 immunoreactivity associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer: preliminary report].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Cell Nucleus↗
Mucosal dysplasia of the liver and the intraductal variant of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in hepatolithiasis.
Four cases are reported of the intraductal variant of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma among surgical specimens from 32 cases of hepatolithiasis. The cancers arose from the periphery of the stone-containing bile duct and spread chiefly along the luminal surface. Microscopically, these tumors showed papillary proliferation and therefore were diagnosed as the intraductal spreading type of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Mucosal dysplasia also was noticed in the vicinity of the tumors. In six other cases, mucosal dysplasia was observed in the periphery of the stone. Immunohistochemically, anti-CA 19-9 staining was observed diffusely in the cytoplasm of dysplastic lesions and carcinomas. Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen staining was restricted to the luminal surface and/or the supranuclear region of the cytoplasm in carcinomas. It was not identified in dysplastic cells. These results suggest that the mucosal dysplasia occasionally observed near stones is a precursor of the intraductal spreading type of peripheral cholangiocarcinoma in the presence of hepatolithiasis. The authors hypothesize that the lining epithelium of the large bile duct, when persistently exposed to biochemically altered bile, may undergo a carcinomatous transformation through a stage of mucosal dysplasia.
Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
Reappraisal of internal mammary node metastases as a prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer.
Clinical, histologic, and biologic prognostic factors were examined in 144 patients with invasive breast cancer. It was determined whether variable prognostic factors, especially internal mammary lymph node metastases, would serve as a basis for the prognosis of breast cancer. In a univariate study, overall survival was significantly correlated with tumor size, axillary lymph node status, axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases, and DNA ploidy status. Especially among patients with one to three positive axillary nodes, survival in case of internal mammary involvement were significantly lower than without internal mammary involvement. In a multivariate study, only axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases were recognized as important, independent prognostic factors of survival, but neither axillary lymph node status nor DNA ploidy status appeared as important prognostic factors. It was concluded that internal mammary lymph node metastases is additional prognostic factor, especially in patients with one to three positive axillary nodes. Because axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases could not be predicted from their clinical assessment, axillary lymph node dissection and biopsy of internal mammary nodes may be a useful staging procedure for these patients.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Expression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein in gastric carcinoma. Immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 protein is an independent indicator of poor short-term prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoma.
Correlations of c-erbB-2 protein expression with clinical outcomes of gastric carcinomas were studied in 189 gastric carcinomas. There were 23 (12.2%) carcinomas with evidence of c-erbB-2 protein in which the reaction was localized to the cell membrane. There was no significant association between c-erbB-2 staining and the macroscopic or histologic type of the carcinomas. c-erbB-2-stained tumors were more likely to be associated with serosal invasion, nodal involvement, and peritoneal metastasis, than c-erbB-2-unstained ones. In addition, c-erbB-2 was stained in none of early gastric carcinomas. The 5-year survival rates of the c-erbB-2 protein-positive and the protein-negative group were 11% and 50%, respectively. When the c-erbB-2 tissue status and seven clinicopathologic variables as conventional prognostic factors were entered simultaneously into the Cox regression model, serosal invasion, hepatic metastasis, peritoneal metastasis, nodal status, and c-erbB-2 tissue status emerged as independent prognostic variables. The results suggested that c-erbB-2 protein expression might be enhanced in advanced stages during the progression of gastric carcinoma. In this particular group of patients, immunoreactivity for c-erbB-2 protein is an indicator of poor short-term prognosis.
Adult↗
The expression of proliferative-associated nuclear antigen p105 in gastric carcinoma.
The expression of proliferation-associated nuclear antigen p105 of gastric carcinomas was studied by multiparameter flow cytometric and immunohistochemical technique. Multiparameter flow cytometric analysis revealed that p105 expression was rarely observed in the resting cells of normal gastric epithelium. On the contrary, the immunofluorescence (IF) intensity of cancer cells in G1 phase was approximately two-fold to three-fold greater than that of G0 phase of cancer cells or normal gastric epithelium. The p105 antigen content of cancer cells increased with cell cycle progression, and increased more rapidly in cells in late S-phase than in cells in G0 and early S-phase. Microphotometric study demonstrated that cells in M-phase exhibited a dramatic increase in the amount of the antigen, and the IF intensity of the mitotic cells were approximately five-fold to ten-fold greater than that of cells in G1 and S-phase. These results indicate that the antigen demonstrated by the p105 monoclonal antibody is present in the G1, S, G2, M-phases, but not in the G0 phase. Immunohistochemical technique demonstrated that patients with lymph node metastases are more likely to have high p105-positive rates than did node-negative patients. The mean p105-positive rates of aneuploid tumors was significantly higher than those of diploid tumors. From these results the authors speculate that the measurement of p105-positive rates may be a powerful prognostic indicator of gastric carcinoma.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Effects of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, cell kinetics, and receptor contents of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high- or low-fat diet.
The effects of indomethacin on tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation, cell kinetics, and receptor content of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma have been examined in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were fed either a high-fat (20% corn oil) or low-fat (0.5% corn oil) diet with or without 0.005% indomethacin starting 7 days after intragastric administration of a single dose of 5 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The results demonstrated that indomethacin completely blocked the stimulatory effect of fat on tumorigenesis, as demonstrated by a decreased tumor incidence, a decreased number of tumors per group, and an increased latency. Contrary to what had been expected, however, indomethacin promoted tumor proliferation in both the high- and low-fat diet groups, as evidenced by an increased tumor size, an increased bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index, and a decreased potential tumor-doubling time. No significant difference in either the estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor content of the tumor was noted. It can be concluded, therefore, that indomethacin significantly reduced tumorigenesis in the high-fat diet group but significantly promoted tumor proliferation in both the high- and low-fat diet groups.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
Evaluation of immunoreactivity for erbB-2 protein as a marker of poor short term prognosis in gastric cancer.
Using a polyclonal antibody that is monospecific for the erbB-2 oncogene product, an immunohistochemical study of the expression of erbB-2 protein was performed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 260 primary gastric cancers. erbB-2 protein expression in which the reaction was localized to the cell membranes was observed in 31 (11.9%) cancers. All nontumor cells and normal gastric epithelium were negative for membrane staining. There was not a significant association between erbB-2 staining and histological type or venous invasion. erbB-2 protein expression was associated with serosal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and lymphatic invasion. In addition, erbB-2 protein expression correlated with a high number of lymph node metastases. Furthermore, the risk of recurrence in lymph node was over 3 times higher in patients with erbB-2 protein-positive tumors than in those with erbB-2 protein-negative ones. When erbB-2 protein expression and the clinical parameters were entered simultaneously into the Cox regression model, erbB-2 protein expression emerged as an independent prognostic indicator. Patients with erbB-2 protein-positive tumors had 5-fold greater relative risk of death, as compared with those with erbB-2 protein-negative tumors. These results indicate that erbB-2 protein expression is an important independent prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. The high malignant potential of erbB-2 protein-positive tumors may be associated with the very high potential for lymph node metastasis.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Proliferation-associated nuclear antigen p105 as a marker for metastasis of human gastric cancer.
The expression of the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen p105 in 43 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma was studied by multiparameter flow cytometry. The p105 immunofluorescence intensity of tumor cells in the G0G1 phase was 1.8-14.5 times that in stromal cells, and the stromal cells could be separated by flow cytometry. The p105 intensity, which is the ratio of the mean fluorescence intensity of cancer cells to that of stromal cells in the G0G1 phase, was not correlated with the DNA index, the size of the S-phase fraction, or the histological type of the tumor. However, the intensity was significantly greater in patients with hepatic metastasis and significantly lower in patients with peritoneal metastasis. The patients with a p105 intensity of 4.0 or more had a significantly higher incidence of hepatic metastasis (8/22; 36%). The patients with a p105 intensity of less than 4.0 had a significantly higher incidence of peritoneal metastasis (8/21; 38%). These results suggest that the p105 intensity is a marker of metastasis useful in the treatment and follow-up of patients.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Lymph node metastases versus DNA ploidy as prognostic factors for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
We evaluated the relationship between the DNA ploidy status and other variable prognostic factors, especially regional lymph node metastases, in 121 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, together with the value of these factors in estimating the prognostic of breast cancer. The ploidy status was diploid in 40% of the patients, and aneuploid in 60%. A significantly higher incidence of aneuploidy was found in patients with more than 4 positive axillary lymph nodes, positive internal mammary lymph nodes, or clinical stage 3 of malignancy. In a univariate study, overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly correlated with axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases, tumor size, and clinical stage of malignancy. The disease-free survival rates for the diploid group tended to be somewhat higher than those for the aneuploid group of patients without axillary lymph node metastases. In the multivariate analysis, however, only axillary lymph node metastasis was significantly correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival. There was also a trend for the internal mammary lymph node metastases to be correlated with survival. As the DNA ploidy status was closely correlated with the axillary and internal mammary lymph node metastases, it did not appear to be an independent prognostic factor in this small series.
Adult↗
Breast deformity, its correction, and assessment of breast conserving surgery.
A combination of quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy (QUART) is the regimen most favored by Japanese surgeons among a variety of breast conserving therapies currently available against breast cancer. Unfortunately, extensive resections such as quadrantectomy often give poor local cosmetic results in patients with small breasts. With the aim of improving the cosmetic aspect after an extensive resection, immediate transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) was carried out in breast conserving surgery. To date, twenty-one patients have been entered in this study. Post-quadrantectomy breast deformity was not corrected in six patients including one with bilateral breast cancers, but was corrected by transposition of a part of LDM in 14 other patients. In the last patient, who also had bilateral breast cancers, the right breast was treated by QUART and the left breast by subcutaneous mastectomy followed by transposition of LDM. The cosmetic outcome for these patients was assessed both subjectively and objectively; the objective assessment used a Moire topography camera. The postoperative appearance and topography revealed a satisfactory symmetry of breasts in the transposed patients, especially those with small breasts, when compared with non-transposed patients. It may be concluded that the transposition of LDM is useful in preventing breast deformity following an extensive resection in breast conserving surgery.
Adult↗
Clinical significance of tumor marker NCC-ST 439 in large bowel cancers.
We examined serum NCC-ST 439 for its significance as a tumor marker of large bowel cancer in 121 patients with primary and 36 with recurrent large bowel cancer. Serum NCC-ST 439 was positive in 27.3 percent of the former and 66.7 percent of the latter. It was false-positive in only 5.6 percent of patients with benign diseases. Positive serum NCC-ST 439 correlated with lymph node and liver metastases. The combination assay for NCC-ST 439, CEA, and CA19-9 was positive in 49.6 percent of the patients with primary tumors and 88.9 percent of those with recurrent tumors; in other words, the diagnostic accuracy improved. The results demonstrated that the determination of serum NCC-ST 439 in large bowel cancer might be useful in cancer staging and that NCC-ST 439, if used in combination with CEA, is particularly useful in diagnosing recurrences because of its improved diagnostic accuracy.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Investigation of colonic prostaglandins in carcinogenesis in the rat colon.
Large bowel carcinoma was induced in rats by injecting MNNG intrarectally, and changes in the large bowel mucosa prostaglandin (PG) with time were determined. The PGE2 levels of the colonic mucosa in a control group were 20.9 +/- 9.7 (pg/mg total protein) at 5 weeks, 25.5 +/- 9.7 at 10 weeks, 26.5 +/- 18.1 at 20 weeks, and 34.8 +/- 12.7 at 40 weeks. The PGE2 levels in the MNNG-treated group were 44.7 +/- 6.2 at 5 weeks, 43.1 +/- 14.9 at 10 weeks, 70.1 +/- 23.4 at 20 weeks, and 79.7 +/- 54.1 at 40 weeks. The intrinsic PGE2 levels of the noncancerous mucosa were thus significantly higher for the MNNG group than for the control group at all weeks. At 40 weeks, the PGE2 levels of cancer lesions were significantly high compared with those of the noncancerous area. In the cancerous lesions, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha decreased and TXB2 increased significantly at 40 weeks. The observations demonstrated that PGE2 was implicated as a promoter in the development and proliferation of carcinoma in MNNG-induced large bowel carcinogenesis in rats.
Animals↗
Detection by CT during arterial portography of colorectal cancer metastases to liver.
A prospective evaluation of the accuracy of real-time ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), infusion hepatic angiography (IHA), and computed tomography during arterial portography (CT-AP) was performed on 65 resected liver metastases of colorectal cancers. The total detection rate was 58.5 percent for US, 56.3 percent for CT, 55.4 percent for IHA, and 86.2 percent for CT-AP. The sensitivity of 29 lesions with diameters of smaller than 1 cm was 65.5 percent for CT-AP, CT found only two, and both US and IHA localized no more than three. The smallest lesions detectable by CT-AP were as small as 0.4 cm in diameter. CT-AP proved most useful in detecting the liver metastases, and the use of this technique is recommended for preoperative planning of hepatectomy on patients with liver metastases.
Angiography↗
The results and problems of extensive radical surgery for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.
Since 1973, 152 patients with pancreatic carcinoma have undergone surgery in our clinic, including 110 with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Of these 110 patients, resections were performed on 43 (39.1 per cent), 33 (30 per cent) of whom underwent a curative resection based on macroscopic evidence. Six of the patients who underwent macroscopic curative resection survived for five years, giving a five-year survival rate of 36.5 per cent by the Kaplan-Meier method after excepting 6 operative deaths. We compared the extent of pancreatic cancer by constructing survival curves according to the General Rules published by the Japan Pancreas Society. There was no statistical difference in survival based on tumor size or stage, however, there was a significant difference in the survival curves of so and se, being the absence or presence of the anterior capsule of the pancreas, rpo and rpe, being the absence or presence of invasion of the retroperitoneal tissue; ew(-) and ew(+) being the absence or presence of invasion at the surgical margin of resection, or n0 and n1 being the extent of lymph node metastasis. The results of this comparison suggest that extended radical pancreatectomy may be indicated for the treatment of pancreatic cancer as the standard radical operation for pancreatic cancer may miss tumors which have spread to the retroperitoneum and extrapancreatic nerve plexus.
Carcinoma↗
A multivariate study of the relationship between regional lymph node metastases and prognosis in patients with operable breast cancer.
In order to evaluate the prognostic importance of clinical and histological node information, we made univariate and multivariate analyses of regional lymph node metastases in 223 patients with operable breast cancer who were surgically treated from 1973 to 1985. Clinical axillary node status, histological involvement of the axillary lymph nodes, their anatomical levels and numbers, and histological involvement of the internal mammary lymph nodes were selected as evaluating prognostic factors. The histological presence or absence of axillary node involvement, especially at the distal level, proved to be the most important prognostic factor. However, neither the anatomical level nor the number of histologically involved axillary lymph nodes appeared to be an important prognostic factor. On the other hand, histological involvement of the internal mammary nodes appeared to be an important and independent prognostic factor. Therefore, we concluded that axillary lymph node dissection with a biopsy of the internal mammary nodes would provide more accurate information about the prognosis of patients with operable breast cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Histomorphological study on the minor duodenal papilla.
The morphological characteristics of the minor duodenal papilla were studied histologically using surgically resected specimens according to the presence or absence of an opening of the accessory pancreatic duct in 30 patients (22 with a ductal opening and 8 without such an opening) who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy within the past 4 years. The following results were found: 1) The minor duodenal papilla was composed fundamentally of the accessory pancreatic duct, pancreatic tissue of the dorsal pancreas which penetrated the duodenal proper muscular tunics and the surrounding fibrous connective tissue. 2) In those specimens with a ductal opening, smooth muscle fiber bundles derived from the duodenal proper muscular tunics surrounded the accessory pancreatic duct and seemed to possess sphincter action similar to that of Oddi sphincter muscles. 3) In those specimens without a ductal opening, the accessory pancreatic duct terminated blindly in the minor duodenal papilla which was comprised mostly of pancreatic tissue and seemed to have no sphincter muscles. 4) Islet cells in the pancreatic tissue of the minor duodenal papilla were rich in B-cells which were round to ovoid in shape and sharply outlined.
Ampulla of Vater↗