Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to I Majid.
A case of acute pulmonary oedema after smoke inhalation from a chip pan fire is presented. The role of bronchial and pulmonary circulation in the development of pulmonary oedema after smoke inhalation is discussed. We stress the importance not only of observation after smoke inhalation, as the manifestation of pulmonary oedema may be delayed, but also of a baseline chest X-ray before admission for comparison.
A questionnaire survey with parasitological study was carried out on the inhabitants of 4 villages in Barru district, Sulawesi, Indonesia from 1994 to 1995. The questionnaire dealt with life style and sanitary conditions. In 482 houses in the 4 villages, interviews for the items of the questionnaire were conducted with the owner, housekeeper and children of the same family. In Pancana and Lalolang, 37.7% and 50% respectively of man inhabitants surveyed were fishermen, while in Lompo Riaja and Pattappa, 38.6% and 65.5% respectively were farmers. The highest proportion of official workers was 33.7% in Lompo Riaja. Educational level was low; 88.4% in Pancana, 90.4% in Lalolang, 62.1% in Lompo Riaja and 91.2% in Pattappa had elementary or below elementary school education. In Lompo Riaja, 30.8% of the inhabitants graduated from senior high school or university. The percentage of families having their own latrine was 30.3% in Pancana, 13.2% in Lalolang, 31.9% in Pattapa and 60% in Lompo Riaja. The people without latrines usually defecated in rice fields, seaside or riverside. A total of 654 fecal samples was examined by the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method. Five nematode species, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis and unidentified Rhabditoids of free-living nature were detected. Cestode, Hymenolepis nana infection was confirmed. All the hookworms examined by the modified Harada-Mori culture technic were Necator americanus. Trichuris infection was most common, followed by hookworm and Ascaris infections, both in young (aged 4-14) and older (aged over 15) age groups. The prevalence of hookworm infection was significantly higher in males than in females of older age. Among the older age group, the prevalence of Trichuris infection was significantly lower in Lompo Riaja, while hookworm infection was the highest in Pattappa. Among all the inhabitants examined for parasite infection, 17.4% had 3 kinds of nematode, Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm. However, egg counts revealed that most of the inhabitants with Trichuris or hookworm had light infections. The inhabitants with higher education background had significantly lower infection rates of Ascaris and Trichuris. The prevalence of hookworm infection was not significantly different between the inhabitants owning latrine and without it, but the prevalence of Ascaris and Trichuris, differed significantly.
Seventy-two depressed patients attending general practices were randomly allocated to treatment with either flupenthixol dihydrochloride (1 to 2 mg/day) or fluvoxamine maleate (100 to 200 mg/day) to assess efficacy and side-effects over a 4-week period. Clinical assessments were carried out before medication (Day 1) and on Days 8, 15 and 29 of treatment using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and a patient self-assessment visual analogue scale for depression. Unwanted symptoms were also recorded. Reduction in mean total scores on the Hamilton scale at each assessment and therapeutic effect improvement on the CGI were greater for patients treated with flupenthixol (p less than 0.05). Reduction in unwanted symptoms was progressive in both groups, but more pronounced in patients receiving flupenthixol. Twice as many new symptoms arose in the fluvoxamine group compared to the flupenthixol group. Four patients were withdrawn in the fluvoxamine group due to untoward drug effects compared with none in the flupenthixol group.
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A double-blind, parallel group study was carried out in 51 mild to moderately depressed hospital out-patients to assess the therapeutic efficacy and side-effects of once-daily flupenthixol (1 mg) administered in the morning compared with once-daily mianserin (30 mg) administered in the evening. Patients were treated over a period of 6 weeks and assessments were made before and during treatment using the Newcastle Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Leeds Self-Rating Scale for Depression, and a check-list of side-effects. The results showed that 91% of flupenthixol patients and 80% of mianserin patients were assessed as 'normal' on completion of the study period. Depressive symptoms decreased progressively in both groups. Reports of side-effects in both groups showed a progressive reduction in number and severity during the study. The reduction at the end of the first week of treatment with mianserin was not as great as that seen with flupenthixol; reports of drowsiness accounted for most of the difference.
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